TM is the abbreviation of trademark. American trademarks are usually marked with TM, which does not necessarily refer to registered trademarks. R is the abbreviation of REGISTER, which means registered trademark when used in trademark. According to China's Regulations on the Implementation of the Trademark Law, the use of registered trademarks can be marked with "registered trademarks" or registration marks on commodities, commodity packages, manuals or other accessories. Registration marks include (note plus 0) and (r plus 0). The use of a registered trademark shall be marked in the upper right corner or the lower right corner of the trademark.

So TM and R are trademarks of different countries and have no special relationship. Some domestic companies do not understand the legal provisions, blindly imitate American companies, and use TM marks on trademarks.

In addition, we often see a circle with a C in front of some books. Its function is similar to this. It is the abbreviation of English copyright, which stands for; property in copyright