Han Xin (? - 196 BC), a military strategist in the early Han Dynasty. A native of Huaiyin (now part of Jiangsu). Both of his parents died when he was young, and his family was poor. However, he studied hard, became proficient in the art of war, and had the ambition to stabilize the country. Suffering from lack of livelihood, he had no choice but to eat at the homes of acquaintances and sometimes go fishing on the Huaihe River in exchange for money. He was often discriminated against and treated coldly by the people around him. Once, a group of evil young men humiliated Han Xin in public. A butcher said to Han Xin: Although you are tall and big, you like to carry a knife and a sword, but you were very timid at that time. If you have the ability, do you dare to stab me with your sword? If you don't dare, just get under my crotch. Han Xin knew that he was alone and would definitely suffer a loss if he fought hard. So, in front of many onlookers, he got under the butcher's crotch. It is called "the humiliation of stepping down" in history books.
In 209 BC, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang rose up. Han Xin joined the army with a sword and joined Xiang Liang's army of Western Chu. After Xiang Liang died in battle, he followed Xiang Yu, but was not reused by Xiang Yu and only served as a guard holding a halberd. He offered suggestions to Xiang Yu many times, but they were not adopted. So he angrily escaped from the Chu camp and went to Liu Bang, the king of Han. Liu Bang initially did not use him as a general, but only appointed him as the captain of the grain management. Seeing that Liu Bang was unwilling to reuse him, Han Xin decided to leave the Han camp. Prime Minister Xiao He knew Han Xin's talent, and after hearing the news, he immediately rode on horseback and chased Han Xin under the moonlight to persuade him to return. This left a beautiful story about "Xiao He chasing Han Xin under the moonlight". Later, under Xiao He's repeated persuasion, Liu Bang personally discussed military and state affairs with Han Xin. He was convinced that Han Xin was a rare talent, so he held a ceremony and worshiped him as a general.
In May of the first year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty (206 BC), Han Xin sent people to repair the plank road that was burned down when Liu Bang entered Hanzhong, to confuse King Yong Zhanghan, but he quietly led his army out of Chencang along the old Nanzheng Road eastward, and the whole army was destroyed. Zhang Han's army was defeated and the Guanzhong area was captured in one fell swoop, allowing Liu Bang to return the Three Qin Dynasties.
In February of the second year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty (205 BC), Han Xin led his troops out of Hangu Pass and forced them to Luoyang. King Zheng Chang of Han, King Sima Qiong of Yin and other feudal states belonging to Xiang Yu surrendered one after another. . Then he joined forces with Qi and Zhao to attack Chu. In April, the army entered Pengcheng, the capital of Chu. The ferociousness of the offensive was astonishing. Unexpectedly, after Liu Bang entered Pengcheng, he abandoned defense and searched for treasures and beauties. Xiang Yu, who was fighting fiercely with the Qi army, heard that Pengcheng had been lost, so he rushed back with 30,000 elite cavalry at starry night, and defeated Liu Bang in one battle. After hearing the news, Han Xin immediately rushed to collect the defeated troops, joined forces with Liu Bang in the Luoyang area, and successfully conducted a blocking battle. He defeated the Chu army between Jingxian and Suoting, and thwarted Xiang Yu's westward advance. The battle line finally stabilized in Xingyang.
Liu Bang defeated Pengcheng, and Qi, Zhao, Wei and others defected to Chu again. In August, Liu Bang made Han Xin Prime Minister of the Left and led troops to attack Wei. King Bao of Wei sent his troops to Puban on the east bank of the Yellow River. In response to the Wei army's deployment, Han Xin concentrated a large number of ships in Linjin on the opposite side of Puban, pretending to be crossing the river head-on, and secretly tied earthen jars with wooden frames to make a temporary river crossing device. Upstream, Xia Yang crossed the river and attacked Anyi by surprise. He suddenly appeared behind the Wei army, defeated the Wei army, and captured Wei Wangbao.
In September of the third year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty (204 BC), Han Xin led his troops eastward to Yanyu, captured Dai Xiang Xia Shuo alive, and recovered Dai County. At this time, Liu Bang ordered Han Xin to urgently transfer his troops to Xingyang to strengthen the defense of the area, so Han Xin only led more than 10,000 troops east to Jingxing to attack Zhao. Zhao Wangxie and Zhao Jun commander Cheng'an Jun Chen Yu concentrated 200,000 troops at Jingxingkou in the Taihang Mountains, occupying favorable terrain and preparing for a decisive battle with Han Xin. Han Xin first used two thousand light cavalry to sneak back to the side and rear of Zhao Jun's camp at night to ambush. After dawn, he personally led the main force to the river and formed a formation with his back to the water, luring Zhao Jun out of camp to attack. The Han army fought with its back to the river and had no way to retreat. Everyone fought desperately. The two thousand Qingqi who had been lying in advance took the opportunity to attack the Zhao army's empty camp and planted the red flags of the Han army. Upon seeing this, the Zhao army's morale was in chaos. Han Xin took advantage of the situation to counterattack, defeated the 200,000 Zhao army, beheaded the Zhao army commander Chen Yu, and captured Zhao Wangxie alive. Then, Han Xin defeated Yan by "attacking with troops".
In November of the fourth year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty (203 BC), Han Xin used a heavy force to attack Linzi, the capital of Qi. Chu general Long Qie hurriedly led 200,000 horses to come to the rescue, joined the retreating Qi army in Gaomi, and then confronted the Han army across the Huaihe River. Han Xin secretly sent people to use more than 10,000 sandbags to block the Huai River in the dark night upstream. After dawn, some troops were sent across the Huai River to attack the Chu army from behind, and then pretended to be defeated. Long Qie mistakenly thought that the Han army was timid and led his main force across the Huai River to pursue them. Han Xin ordered his subordinates to dig up the upstream dike and divide the Chu army into two sections. The Han army used the method of attacking halfway across the river to annihilate the Chu army that had crossed the water, and Long Qie was killed. The Qi-Chu coalition forces that had not crossed the water collapsed without a fight.
Han Xin took advantage of the situation and sent his troops to pursue and annihilate the fleeing enemies, captured King Tian Guang of Qi, and all pacified Qi.
After Han Xin captured Qi, Xiang Yu panicked and quickly sent people to lobby Han Xin. On the condition of dividing the world into three parts, he hoped that Han Xin would rebel against the Han Dynasty and unite with Chu, but Han Xin refused. Han Xin's adviser Kuai Tong advised him: "Hasn't the general heard that those who bravely shake the emperor are in danger, and those who have made great achievements in the world will not be rewarded?... The general now has the reputation of shaking the emperor, but also relies on great achievements that are difficult to reward. , Return to Chu, but Chu doesn't believe it; if you return to Han, the king of Han will be frightened. If you don't declare yourself king, where will you end up?" Han Xin waved his hands and said, "Please stop talking, the king of Han has been very kind to me. Give me a ride in his car, give me his clothes to wear, and give me his food to eat. The ancients said: When riding in someone else's car, you should share someone else's worries; when you wear someone else's clothes, you should also share someone else's worries. If you want to eat other people's food, you should work hard for them. How can I forget my righteousness for the sake of profit?" So he declined Kuai Tong's suggestion. However, the land of Qi was initially settled, and it was necessary to establish a king to take charge of the government to calm the people. Therefore, Han Xin has sent an envoy to compile a letter asking Liu Bang to make him the false king of Qi (acting king of Qi). At that time, Liu Bang was trapped in Xingyang by Xiang Yu and had no time to take care of himself. After reading the letter, he became furious and did not want to agree. Later, after listening to the opinions of Zhang Liang and Chen Ping, he said: "A man who has pacified the princes is the real king. Why do you want to be a fake king?" So he made Han Xin the king of Qi and mobilized his troops to attack Chu.
In December of the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty (202 BC), the Chu and Han armies launched a decisive battle in Gaixia (now Lingbinan, Anhui). Liu Bang took Han Xin as the main general and unified command of all armies. Xiang Yu commanded 100,000 Chu troops to attack the Han army's position from the front. Han Xin adopted a typical flank attack strategy, asking the Han army to retreat slightly to avoid the Chu army's aggressiveness, and then spread the two wings to carry out a flank attack, and then ordered the central army to advance, completing the encirclement at once. At night, Han Xin ordered the Han troops to sing songs of Chu from all sides, which finally caused the Chu troops to lose their fighting spirit and the Han troops gathered in Haixia and annihilated them in one fell swoop. Seeing that the situation was over, Xiang Yu generously committed suicide by the Wujiang River. The five-year Chu-Han War ended with Liu Bang, the king of Han, taking over the world.
Han Xin, with his humble status as a guard holding a halberd under Xiang Yu's tent, went to the altar to worship a general within a few years, made many extraordinary achievements, and finally became a prince who influenced the Chu-Han war. Kuai Tong praised this all-powerful military figure as "a little out of the ordinary". His method of using troops was highly praised by later generations of military strategists. According to "Hanshu Yiwenzhi", he once wrote three chapters of "Han Xin's Art of War", but unfortunately it has been lost. Han Xin's military ability made Liu Bang extremely uneasy, so after Xiang Yu's defeat, he seized his military power and moved to the throne of Chu. He was later deposed as the Marquis of Huaiyin and placed under house arrest by Liu Bang's side. One day, Liu Bang asked Han Xin: "How many troops do you think I can lead?" Han Xin replied, "Your Majesty can only lead an army of one hundred thousand." Liu Bang asked again: "What about you?" Han Xin was startled for a moment, and suddenly laughed arrogantly. : "The more I do, the better!" Han Xin's peerless military exploits and talents finally led to his death. In the eleventh year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty (196 BC), Empress Lu and Xiao He lured Han Xin to the bell chamber of Changle Palace and killed him on charges of treason. Of. It is really sad that a famous general of a generation died in an unexpected way.
Inspirational story God rewards those who work hard and become a self-taught person - Inspirational story God rewards those who work hard and become a self-taught person - Inspirational story God rewards those who work hard and become a self-taught person
Wang Chonghui
Legalist Wang Chonghui in London At that time, I once attended a banquet held by the diplomatic community. During the banquet, a British lady asked Wang Chonghui: "I heard that men and women in your country get married based on the word of a matchmaker, and they get married without falling in love. How wrong is that! Like us, we have been in love for a long time, and we have become husband and wife." How happy it is to get married after a deep understanding!" Wang Chonghui replied with a smile: "It's like two pots of water. Ours is cold water. It gradually heats up on the stove, and then it boils. So the relationship between Chinese couples Relationships are cold at first, but then they get better, so there are very few post-divorce incidents. But you are like a pot of boiling water. I heard that there are more divorce cases in the UK. Could this be the case? The reason?
Yang Xiaolou
When Yang Xiaolou (1877-1937) was performing in the Peking Opera "Qingshi Mountain" at the First Stage in Beijing, his old partner who played Zhou Cang took a leave of absence. , and was temporarily replaced by another colorful face. This colorful face drank some wine and came on stage in a daze. He even forgot to bring an essential prop - his beard. Yang Xiaolou thought something was wrong. If he made a mistake, it would be terrible if the audience booed him. He had an idea and added a line: "Ahem! Who is standing in front of me?" "Hua Lian, who plays Zhou Cang, was confused and didn't know what was going on.
"I am Zhou Cang--" At this time, the student has to do an action: trim his beard. This theory scared the actor awake, but then his mind changed and he said, "--'s son!" Yang Xiaolou took it and said, "Well, it's no use to you, hurry down and call your father to come!" "Accept the decree!" The actor quickly went down, put on his beard, and came back on stage.
Hu Shi
The famous modern Chinese scholar Hu Shi (1891--1962) was born in the year of rabbit, and his wife Jiang Dongxiu was born in the year of tiger. Hu Shi often joked: "Rabbits are afraid of tigers." "The joke that Hu Shi was afraid of his wife was circulating at that time. Once, a friend in Paris sent Hu Shi a dozen French bronze coins. Because the money had the three letters "PTT" on it, the homophonic pronunciation happened to be "Pride of Mrs." Hu Shi joked with several of his friends who were afraid of their wives: "If a wife-feared association is established, these copper coins can be used as membership badges." Hu Shi often gave lectures at universities. Once, at a certain university, he often quoted the words of Confucius, Mencius, and Sun Yat-sen in his lectures. When quoting, he wrote on the blackboard: "Confucius said", "Meng said", "Sun said". Finally, when he expressed his opinion, he actually caused a roar of laughter. It turned out that what he wrote was: "nonsense".
Guo Moruo
In 1945, the famous Chinese cartoonist Liao Bingxiong exhibited the cartoon "Cat Country Spring and Autumn" in Chongqing. At that time, many cultural celebrities in Chongqing such as Guo Moruo (1892-1978) ), Song Yunbin, and Wang Qi were all invited to attend the ribbon-cutting ceremony of the first exhibition. During the dinner, Guo Moruo asked Brother Liao Bing: "Why is your name so weird and you call yourself brother?" Printmaker Wang Qi took the lead and explained on his behalf: "His sister is named Bing, so he is called Brother Bing." After hearing this, Guo Moruo asked , laughed loudly and said: "Oh, I understand, Yu Dafu's wife must be named Yu Da, and Shao Lizi's father must be named Shao Li." This sentence made the guests in the hall burst into laughter.
Inspirational story God rewards those who work hard, and they become talents through self-taught - Inspirational stories God rewards those who work hard, they become talents through self-taught - Inspirational stories God rewards those who work hard, they become talents through self-taught
Opportunity and Vision The story of Einstein-Opportunity and Vision Love Einstein's story - inspirational story God rewards hard work and self-taught talent - opportunity and vision Einstein's story
Einstein was extremely lucky: he was born in the right era, when the world of physics was facing many crises. His creativity is at its peak. In other words, he had a chance to rewrite the course of physics, perhaps uniquely since the days of Newton. Opportunities like this are few and far between. This opportunity was of course also open to fellow scientists of the time. But they all miss the point because they cling to old ideas. Einstein did not miss the point because he had a freer vision of space and time. Isolation, distance, and free vision are interconnected characteristics and a necessary factor in all creative activities in science, art, and literature.
1. A freer vision enabled him to seize the opportunities of the times
The 26-year-old Einstein dared to question human beings' primitive concepts about time, thus opening the door to the microscopic world. The door to new physics.
1905 is often called Albert Einstein's "miracle year." In that year, Einstein triggered three major revolutions in human's basic concepts of the physical world (time, space, energy, light and matter). How could an unknown 26-year-old patent office employee cause such a profound change in ideas, thus opening the door to the modern technological era? Of course no one can answer this question. However, we may be able to analyze some of the necessary factors for him to become this historical figure.
First of all, Einstein was extremely lucky: he was born at the right time, when the world of physics was facing many crises, and his creativity was at its peak. In other words, he had a chance to rewrite the course of physics, perhaps uniquely since the days of Newton. Opportunities like this are few and far between. E.T. Bell's "Mathematical Elite" quoted J.L. Lagrange (1736-1813):
Although Newton is indeed an outstanding genius, we must admit that he is also the luckiest. Man: Mankind has only one chance to build the system of the world.
Here, Lagrange quoted the words from the preface to the third and final volume of Newton's masterpiece "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy":
Now I want to demonstrate the world The framework of the system.
Lagrange was obviously very jealous of Newton's opportunities.
But Einstein's public evaluation of Newton gave us a different feeling:
Lucky Newton, a happy scientific childhood... He was not only an experimenter, theorist, and mechanic, but also an interpreter. artist. He stands before us, strong, confident, and unique.
Einstein had the opportunity to revise the system created by Newton more than 200 years ago. But this opportunity was of course also open to scientists of the same generation. Indeed, since Michelson-Morley's first experiment in 1881 and the second experiment in 1887, electrodynamics in motion systems has been a popular topic studied by many people. Surprisingly, when Einstein was still studying in Zurich, he had already developed a strong interest in this topic. In 1899 he wrote to his later wife Mileva:
I returned Helmholtz's book and am now re-reading Hertz's work on power propagation very carefully, because I could not understand it before. Helmholtz's discussion of the principle of least action in electrodynamics. I am increasingly convinced that what is understood today about the electrodynamics of moving objects does not correspond to reality, and that there may be simpler ways of understanding it.
His pursuit of this simpler understanding led six years later to the special theory of relativity.
At that time, many scientists were also very interested in this subject. L.H. Poincaré (1854-1912), one of the two greatest mathematicians of his time, was also studying the same problem. In fact, the inventor of the term relativity was not Einstein, but Poincaré. Poincaré's lecture "Physics in the New Century" the year before 1905 contained this paragraph:
According to the principle of relativity, the laws of physical phenomena should be the same, regardless of whether they are fixed or not. For a moving observer, or for an observer moving at a uniform speed. In this way we cannot, and cannot, discern whether we are in such a state of motion.
This paragraph not only introduces the concept of relativity, but also shows unusual philosophical insight. However, Poincaré did not fully understand the physical significance of this passage: later paragraphs of the same speech prove that he failed to grasp the key and revolutionary idea of ??the relativity of simultaneity.
Einstein was not the first person to write down a great conversion formula:
Previously, H.A. Lorentz (1853-1928) had written this formula, so at that time This formula was named after Lorenz and still is. But Lorenz also failed to grasp the revolutionary idea of ??the relativity of simultaneity. In 1915, he wrote:
The main reason for my failure is that I adhere to a concept: only the variable t can be used as a real time, and my local time t' can only be used as an auxiliary mathematical quantity.
That is to say, Lorenz had mathematics, but no physics; Poincaré had philosophy, but no physics. It was the 26-year-old Einstein who dared to question mankind's original concept of time and insisted that simultaneity is relative, which opened the door to a new physics in the microscopic world.
Almost all physicists today agree that it was Einstein who created the special theory of relativity. Is this fair to Poincaré and Lorenz? To discuss this issue, let us first quote A.N. Whitehead:
The history of science tells us: being very close to the truth and truly understanding its meaning are two different things. Every important theory has been said by people before its discoverer.
Neither Lorenz nor Poincaré seized the opportunities of that era. They worked on one of the most important problems of their time, electrodynamics in moving systems. But they all missed the point because they clung to old ideas, as Lorenz himself later said. Einstein did not miss the point because he had a freer vision of space and time.
To have free perception, you must be able to look at the same subject up close and at a distance at the same time. The common term distant perception illustrates the necessity of maintaining a certain distance in any research endeavor. But long-distance vision is not enough; it must be combined with close-range exploration.
It is this ability to freely adjust, evaluate, and compare the results of distant and near observations that forms the free eye. Following this analogy, we can say that Lorenz failed because he only had a close vision, and Poincaré failed because he only had a long distance vision.
The great Chinese esthetician Zhu Guangqian (1897-1986) emphasized the importance of "psychological distance" in artistic and literary creation. I think his concept is consistent with the long-distance vision mentioned above, just in a different academic field. In Subtle Is the Lord, the most authoritative scientific biography of Einstein, the author chose this word to describe Einstein's character: isolation, and quoted at the beginning of the third chapter:
< p>Keep a distance from other people; alone, isolated, alone. ("Oxford English Dictionary")Indeed, isolation, distance, and free vision are interconnected characteristics and a necessary factor in all creative activities in science, art, and literature.
Another historically significant achievement of Einstein in 1905 was the paper "An Instructive Viewpoint on the Generation and Transformation of Light" he wrote in March. This article proposed for the first time that light is a quantum with discrete energy hv. The constant h was proposed by Planck in 1900 in his bold theoretical research on blackbody radiation. Over the next few years, however, Planck grew timid and began to withdraw. In 1905, Einstein not only did not back down, but also bravely proposed "inspired ideas" about light quanta. This bold idea was not appreciated at all at the time, as can be seen from the following sentences: Eight years later, when Planck, W.H. Nernst, and Heinrich Rubens When O.H. Warburg nominated Einstein as an academician of the Prussian Academy of Sciences, the recommendation letter said:
In short, we can say that there is almost no important problem in modern physics that Einstein has not solved. great contribution. Of course he sometimes missed the mark in his innovative thinking, for example, with his light-quantum hypothesis. But we should not criticize him too much, because even in the most accurate science it is impossible to propose truly new ideas without taking any risks.
This recommendation was written in 1913. The ridiculed hypothesis of light-quanta refers to the above-mentioned idea boldly proposed by Einstein in 1905. However, Einstein ignored these ridicules and continued to push his ideas forward. From 1916 to 1917, he determined the momentum of light quanta, which then developed into his epoch-making understanding of the Compton effect in 1924.
The history of the revolutionary idea of ??light quanta can be summarized as follows:
In 1905, Einstein’s paper on E=hv
In 1916, Einstein's paper on P=E/c
1924, Compton Effect
In those years, before the Compton Effect was established in 1924, Einstein Completely isolated because his profound vision of light quanta was not accepted by the physics community.
2. General relativity is his pure creation
Concerning general relativity, Einstein did not seize any opportunity: he created this opportunity. This is pure creation.
Between 1905 and 1924, Einstein’s research interests were mainly in the general theory of relativity. As a scientific revolution, general relativity is unique in human history. The idea is grand, wonderful, and vast, giving rise to awe-inspiring cosmology, and it was conceived and completed by one person alone. All this reminds me of the Creation Chapter in the Old Testament (I wonder if Einstein himself This comparison comes to mind).
Of course, we will naturally think of other scientific revolutions, such as Newton's masterpiece, special relativity, and quantum mechanics. The difference: Newton's work was truly magnificent, wonderful, and sweeping. right. But before him there were the achievements of Galileo, Kepler, and earlier mathematicians and philosophers. Nor was he the only one seeking the law of gravity at the time. Special relativity and quantum mechanics are also far-reaching revolutions.
However, they were popular topics studied by many people at that time, and they were not created by one person.
Concerning general relativity, Einstein did not seize an opportunity: he created it. He alone, through profound vision, grand ideas, and seven or eight years of lonely struggle, established an unimaginably beautiful system. This is pure creation.
3. His new vision rewrote the development process of basic physics
In the 50 years since Einstein’s death, his pursuit has penetrated the soul of basic research in theoretical physics. This is his A lasting testament to his bravery, independence, stubbornness and profound vision.
General relativity represents a geometrization of the gravitational field. Naturally it led Einstein to propose a geometrization of the electromagnetic field. This gave rise to the idea of ??geometricizing all natural forces, that is, a unified field theory. This development became the focus of his research for the rest of his life. For example, in his final seminar at the Center for Advanced Study in Princeton in 1949-50, he attempted to combine the electromagnetic field Fμν into the asymmetric metric gμν. This attempt, like his previous efforts in the same direction, was unsuccessful.
Due to the lack of success, and also because since the early 1920s, Einstein focused almost entirely on this research and ignored newly developed fields such as solid state physics and nuclear physics, He was often criticized and even ridiculed. His commitment to unified field theory has been described as obsession. An example of this criticism is what I.I. Rabi (1898-1988) said at the Einstein Centennial in Princeton in 1979:
When you think of Einstein's speech in 1903 or While working from 1902 to 1917, it was extremely colorful, very creative, very close to physics, and very amazingly insightful; however, during the period he had to study mathematics, especially various forms of differential geometry. After that, he changed.
He changed his mind. His great ideas for physics changed accordingly.
Is the rabbi right? Has Einstein changed?
The answer is: Einstein did change. Evidence of the change can be found in his 1933 Spencer lecture "On the Method of Theoretical Physics":
...the axiomatic basis of theoretical physics cannot be extracted from experience, but must be freely created. Come out... Experience may suggest appropriate mathematical concepts, but they can never be deduced from experience...
But the source of creation belongs to mathematics. So, in a sense, I think mere thinking can capture reality, just as the ancients dreamed.
Although you can agree or disagree with these very brief arguments, you have to agree that they powerfully describe Einstein's ideas in 1933 about how to do basic theoretical physics, and that this idea was relative to his My early thoughts changed dramatically.
Einstein himself was very aware of this change. In his "Autobiography" published at the age of 70, we see:
...As a student, I did not understand that the method of acquiring profound knowledge of the basic principles of physics is closely connected with the most complex mathematical methods. of. It was only after many years of independent scientific work that I came to understand this.
Obviously, in this paragraph, "independent scientific work" refers to his long struggle to create the general theory of relativity between 1908 and 1915. The long struggle changed him. Has it changed for the better? The rabbi said: No, his new vision turned into a futile obsession. We say: His new vision rewrote the future development process of basic physics.
In the 50 years since Einstein’s death, his pursuit has penetrated the soul of basic research in theoretical physics, which is a permanent proof of his bravery, independence, stubbornness and profound vision.
(This article is a conference report delivered by Mr. Yang Zhenning at the 22nd International Congress on the History of Science on July 24, 2005. The speech is in English and the Chinese version was translated by Ms. Weng Fan. The subtitles were added by the editor . The full text was published in "Science and Culture Review" Volume 2 Issue 4 <2005>.
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Inspirational story God rewards those who work hard and become talented through self-taught - Inspirational story God rewards those who work hard through self-taught - Inspirational story God rewards those who work hard through self-taught
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A few short stories of famous people - a few A few short stories of famous people - Inspirational stories God rewards hard work and self-taught talents - A few short stories of famous people
1. Reagan is well known to the world as the 40th president of the United States, but he was initially just a radio announcer and a hollywood film actor. Not long after he first entered the White House, he was met by Crazy Judy. Foster fans' assassination, and the assassin's only reason for assassinating the president was just to attract Judy. Foster's attention. After escaping, Reagan began to deal with the Soviet Union with all his strength. Some people believe that it was Reagan's "Star Wars Plan" that caused the Soviet Union to be dragged down by the arms race and ultimately led to the end of the Cold War. After the United States gradually turned to mercantilism, Reagan has been trying to show the world that the United States is the center of the world.
2. Hemingway worked as an ambulance driver during World War I and the Spanish Civil War. and war correspondent during World War II. Several of his books describe his experiences as an American exile in the 1920s, hunting in Africa, and fishing off the coast of Cuba. A concise and straightforward literary style became his trademark. Hemingway's works have won the Pulitzer Prize and the Nobel Prize for Literature. He ultimately chose to end his life by committing suicide. He is one of the greatest literary giants in American history.
3. When James Dean was studying acting and law in California, he accidentally performed in a TV show and became popular. Then he left California and went to New York, where he became famous on Broadway. His soft and natural performance impressed Warner Bros. Entertainment, who signed Dean to a film deal. Before his death in a car accident in 1955, he performed in three films, two of which were screened after Dean's death. "East of Eden," "Mutiny Without a Motive" and "Giant" won critical acclaim and gave Americans their first glimpse of "another style" of acting. Artist Vogel Andy said that Dean "represents the damaged but beautiful soul of our time."
4. Becoming a Michael Jordan-like figure is the dream of all Americans. Michael Jordan came from Brooklyn, New York, and later attended the University of North Carolina, where his basketball talent began to emerge. After joining the Chicago Bulls, Jordan led the team to six NBA championships and won the title of Most Valuable Player (MVP) five times. He announced his retirement twice, announced his comeback twice, and finally retired from the Washington Wizards in 2003. It is estimated that as of 2002, Air Jordan's total wealth was US$402 million. Jordan is America's greatest basketball player.