Sample proposal report for graduation project
A complete and standardized graduation project should contain several key points. The following sample proposal report can help everyone understand.
Sample proposal report for graduate school
Name: ***
Student number: ***
Major grade: ** Grade
Instructor: ***
1. The significance of the topic (including the theoretical significance and practical significance of the topic)
Intermediate students have average grades in the class , students whose usual performance is not outstanding (neither particularly good nor particularly bad), and who do not have outstanding specialties to attract the attention of teachers and parents. From the perspective of mental health education alone, middle-school students are the group that school parents and teachers need to pay the most attention to. The reason is actually very simple: compared with top students and underachievers, middle-school students face greater pressure to enter higher education and mental pressure. They are the main body of the class and have a certain foundation in learning. The future enrollment rate of the class mainly depends on them, so teachers have great expectations for them. Similarly, parents also have great expectations for these students, and they often Put pressure on them intentionally or unintentionally. And they themselves also have greater hopes, hoping that they can continue to improve and strive to get rid of the position of middle-class students. For this reason, they often behave very sensible, study very hard, and even forget to eat and sleep. However, due to various reasons such as learning foundation, methods, abilities and innate qualities, their learning results are often poor, and they are unable to achieve their expectations after repeated shocks, or even regress. In the end, they completely lose confidence and put the root cause of all failures to death. It boils down to one word: stupid, which results in severe inferiority complex and other common psychological problems.
What’s even more terrible is that these students tend to be introverted, usually keep to themselves and perform well. Therefore, their psychological problems are more hidden and difficult to be discovered. The head teacher is confused by their superficial phenomena. In addition, they are affected by the traditional education pattern of "grasping both ends and taking care of the middle". They often do not have the common problems for middle school students. Psychological problems have attracted sufficient awareness and attention, not to mention timely psychological counseling. As a result, the psychological problems of these students have become more and more serious, seriously affecting their study and life. A very small number of students even develop into psychopaths.
Based on the common psychological states of students in their study and life, this paper investigates middle school students of different genders and grades, based on the common psychological problems of middle school students. Based on the educational methods of their teachers and parents, this paper studies influence on their growth, so as to find an education suitable for secondary students and promote the growth of teenagers.
(1) Theoretical origin and evolution process:
The Pygmalion effect, also translated as "Pygmalion effect" and "Pimaron effect", was developed by the famous American psychologist Luo Sental and Jacobson verified it in primary school teaching. Also known as the "Robertrosenthal effect" or "expectation effect". This is a psychological experiment in expectations. The list they provide is purely random. They hinted at the teacher through "authoritative lies" and strengthened the teacher's confidence in the students on the list. Although the teacher always kept these lists deep in his heart, his unconcealed enthusiasm still nourished the enthusiasm of these students through his eyes, smiles, and tone of voice. At heart, they actually play the role of Pygmalion. Students are subtly affected, and therefore become more confident, and the torrent of motivation ripples in their veins, so they unknowingly work harder in action, and as a result, they make rapid progress.
Parenting style is a combination of parents’ parenting concepts, parenting behaviors and their emotional expression to children. This combination is relatively stable and does not change with changes in the situation. It reflects the essence of parent-child interaction.
As early as the end of the 19th century, Freud noticed the impact of different parenting styles on children. He made a simple division of the roles of parents: the father is responsible for providing rules and discipline, and the mother is responsible for providing love and warmth. In the 1950s, Parsons developed Freud's views and related this issue to family roles and gender characteristics. He believed that women are expressive and emotionally sensitive, so they are suitable for handling various relationships with children; while men guide If you have a strong personality, it’s better to be responsible for setting the rules. Sears combined these ideas with learning theory to propose two important concepts in parenting: warmth and control. Based on this, baumrind proposed three common parenting styles: authoritarian, authoritative, and indulgent.
(2) Current status of research on this topic at home and abroad:
Many experts and scholars at home and abroad conduct research on student education methods from different angles and levels, using various methods. Related exploration and research in many aspects. The research on student education methods involves a very broad range of subjects, with the age range ranging from middle school students to primary school students, junior high school students, high school students and college students. In terms of population selection, the researchers selected normal people, patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, neurosis, anxiety disorder, depression, schizophrenia, social phobia, adult criminals, juvenile delinquents, drug addicts and other different groups to explore the role of education methods . The research field of educational methods has moved from macro and general to micro and specific. Researchers began to explore the specific impact of home education methods on various aspects of student development through macroscopic and general theoretical reviews and gradually through various empirical studies. Regarding students' coping styles, many studies have shown that good educational methods are significantly positively correlated with students' positive coping styles.
Failure to receive the attention of teachers and recognition from parents during the middle growth period is prone to various psychological problems:
1. Isolation and depressed mental state
A small number of students are depressed He is taciturn and distracted, his brain is slow, he finds it difficult to study, and his academic performance has been hovering in the middle and lower reaches. He feels confused and has no confidence in the future, is worried, has poor interpersonal relationships, and does not want to talk to others. After investigation and understanding, we found that this kind of psychological state is caused by various subjective and objective factors. Among them, family accidents and improper education are the two most typical situations. For this, we must carry out psychological correction. Teachers should take the initiative to talk to these students, intentionally mobilize their participation through theme class meetings, group activities, etc., and tell them that this kind of environment is not caused by their own mistakes, but the result of mistreatment by their families and teachers, and educate them to have the courage to Face setbacks, overcome negative emotions, overcome inferiority complex, and devote yourself to normal study and life.
2. The psychological state of confrontation and escape
In management, it is often found that a very small number of students feel mentally or physically frustrated because their parents or teachers have been too strict with them for a long time. In one case, the person becomes irritable, depressed, and manic, often having violent conflicts with parents and teachers, and even hurting others; in the other case, he or she becomes evasive, such as running away from home. This kind of psychological state is mainly caused by improper education methods. This requires parents and teachers to thoroughly reflect on their own education methods, insist on positive education, be persuasive, empathetic, pay attention to daily education, and not wait for the problem to become serious and take drastic actions. At the same time, students must be educated and guided to strictly demand themselves according to the daily behavioral norms of middle school students, correctly understand the good intentions of the principal and teachers, so that they can correctly understand themselves and others, and avoid taking extreme behaviors.
3. Mental state of anxiety and fear
The formation of this psychological state is mainly caused by factors such as intense study pressure, social pressure, family pressure and old pressure. Yin is a girl in the second year of high school. She has good academic performance. Her parents and school have high expectations for her. She also hopes to get good results in the college entrance examination. Therefore, she studied very hard. Apart from studying, she seldom did other activities and did not communicate with classmates, for fear that her academic performance would drop. Due to excessive pressure, her grades actually declined.
She felt hopeless about her future, had random thoughts all day long, and was highly nervous. She often thought that someone was trying to kill her, and she was frightened and uneasy. She was diagnosed with mild schizophrenia after being diagnosed by the hospital. There are many similar examples among high school students, which presents an important and only way out for educators. Socialist modernization requires various types of talents to help them establish a scientific world view and outlook on life. Schools must increase Implement quality education to effectively reduce students' excessive academic burden and comprehensively improve their quality in all aspects.
3. The psychological state of jealousy
The popular term for jealousy is the so-called "pink eye", which is quite common among students, especially among female classmates. When some students are praised by their teachers and respected by their classmates for their good performance and grades, a few students will become jealous. For example, they try to belittle the merits and strengths of others, find ways to erase other people's achievements, find ways to plot against others, and even confuse and stink other people's thoughts by collecting other people's "privacy". They always hope that they are better than others, and when they are not as good as others, they will often become hostile due to jealousy. Getting angry when they think they are not liked, appreciated, and respected, etc. Jealousy has a great impact on students' normal study and life. Therefore, we must use mental health education to make people with this mental state realize that the future is bright, the road is tortuous, and their destiny can only be controlled by themselves. Help them establish a positive outlook on life and resolutely overcome their bad mentality.
In summary, in recent years, many experts and scholars at home and abroad have conducted research on educational methods from multiple angles and levels. Research on educational methods mainly involves all aspects of students' physical and mental development, but the focus on middle school students is far from enough domestically, especially in areas where education is relatively backward. Education is committed to cultivating the majority of minors, rather than allowing a few people to receive special treatment, regardless of family education or school education. This study strives to investigate and study the education methods of middle school students from the perspective of mental health on the basis of previous research, find out whether there are special characteristics in the education methods of middle school students, analyze the reasons, and propose countermeasures, so as to be able to educate middle school students. Improvements in educational methods have helped.
Graduation Thesis Proposal (2)
1. Background and significance of the topic
Compared with foreign countries, my country’s credit card business started late. Credit cards appeared in my country's circulation field in the early 1980s. With the reform and opening up, a large number of foreigners come to China for tourism or business. The traditional cash settlement method cannot meet the needs of foreign guests. Bank of China has signed agreements with seven foreign credit card companies to handle seven major international credit cards issued by these seven companies. Withdraw cash and buy direct. In 1986, Bank of China took the lead in issuing China's first credit card, the RMB Great Wall Card. In 1988, China's first Great Wall MasterCard was launched. In 1990, the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China and China Construction Bank also began to issue MasterCards. In 1995, Guangdong Development Bank issued my country's first credit card with revolving credit function. It took about XX years for credit cards to go from agency to issuance in China. They grew from scratch and gradually became an important payment method.
In recent years, due to the imperfect construction of my country’s credit environment, problems such as information asymmetry between banks and cardholders and cardholder defaults have become increasingly prominent. In addition, due to imperfect laws and regulations, card issuers have become increasingly difficult to operate and operate. Weak risk control in the management process and disorderly competition among banks have gradually revealed problems and risks in this business, highlighted by the rising trend of defaults and fraud by credit card holders. Therefore, in the process of vigorously expanding the issuance of credit cards, commercial banks must carefully analyze and study the risks of credit card business in order to take measures. This is of great significance for commercial banks to prevent and resolve credit card risks and thereby increase economic benefits.
2. Current Research Status at Home and Abroad
In January XX, the People’s Bank of China’s personal credit reporting system was officially launched nationwide. It can query personal loans and repayments at commercial banks and credit card information. , guarantee and other credit information, as well as related identification information.
Most commercial banks in my country have incorporated personal credit inquiry systems into their credit management processes. Based on the personal information on the credit report, high-risk customer groups can be identified during credit approval and post-loan management, and corresponding measures can be taken to reduce risk losses.
At present, personal credit reports have become an important basis in the risk management process of commercial banks. However, due to the large amount of information in the credit report, approving personnel need a certain amount of time to comprehensively consider all types of information when making decisions. At the same time, there is inevitably a certain degree of subjectivity and one-sidedness in the approval work. To this end, it is necessary to develop credit bureau credit scores based on personal credit reports to provide decision-making support for commercial banks and help them effectively prevent risks.
In the United States, credit bureau credit scores are mainly provided by three major personal credit companies, namely Experian, Equifax and Trans Union. They obtain consumer data from various banks and credit card companies, summarize the data, and provide personal credit reports to the outside world in a prescribed format. One item in the report is a personal credit score, and also provides a credit rating and a ratio. The scores for these three companies are provided by the scoring technology company Fair Isaac and are called fico series credit scores.
3. The main research content and expected goals of the design (paper)
Analyzing the credit status of individual customers through the method of credit scoring can enhance the scientificity and fairness of personal credit decisions and improve the efficiency of personal credit decisions. Therefore, more and more mathematical methods are introduced into credit scoring. Generally speaking, they are mainly divided into two categories: statistical and non-statistical. Statistical methods mainly include discriminant analysis, regression analysis, classification trees and nearest neighbor methods, while non-statistical methods include neural networks, genetic algorithms, expert systems and mathematical programming methods. From the perspective of development process, although statistical methods were applied earliest and are still very important methods. However, when traditional evaluation methods are used to evaluate the credit of corporate customers, misjudgments often occur, causing huge losses to credit institutions. The use of neural network evaluation systems not only has high credibility in evaluation results, but also avoids errors caused by credit analysts' subjective likes and dislikes and human relationships. It takes the customer's credit information as input and uses the actual credit situation as the evaluation result. output. The network structure of the BP neural network is simple, and the algorithm is easy to program and implement; the BP network uses the minimum mean square error learning method, and as long as there are enough hidden layers and hidden nodes, it can approximate any nonlinear mapping relationship; empirical results show that in many suggested models Among neural network algorithms, bp network has good evaluation effect.
Graduation project report (3)
1. The significance of course design
Through this course design, I will have a certain knowledge of HVAC design ability; understand some relevant norms and regulations; be familiar with and master the HVAC design process; at the same time, make your thinking more rigorous and your attitude more serious, laying a solid foundation for future social work.
2. Literature review
With the rapid and sustained development of the national economy, the construction industry, one of the pillar industries, has also developed rapidly. As an important part of the construction industry, the HVAC industry has an endless stream of new products, new technologies, and new materials. The principles followed in the development of the HVAC industry can be summarized as follows: energy conservation, environmental protection, sustainable development, ensuring the health and safety of the built environment, adapting to the country's energy structure adjustment strategy, implementing heat and cold metering policies, and creating different regional characteristics. HVAC development technology. Therefore, we must work hard to combine the needs of design, pay attention to relevant technologies, and apply them selectively and rationally in our designs to meet the owner's requirements and improve the design level.
2.1. Discussion on optimal control and energy management of HVAC variable operating points
2.1.1. Optimal control of operating points
In terms of loop control, Jiang Dayong and others demonstrated the feasibility of applying artificial neural network (ANN) to model HVAC load energy consumption, and pointed out that the ANN model can be used to identify input and output to achieve optimal control of the air conditioning system [8]; Sun Ying et al. used a predictive control algorithm based on BP neural network to realize the cold storage capacity control of ice-storage air conditioners, solving the problems of overshooting and long fluctuation time in PID control, weak anti-interference ability and poor decoupling control effect, thus reducing the performance of the air conditioning system. consumption; Cao Guoqing and others introduced parameter self-tuning PID control into the control process of the air conditioning system, realizing PID parameter self-tuning, which can control the temperature change range to 0.5℃; Wu Liubo and others studied variable air volume air conditioning The static pressure control of the air supply section of the system is realized, and the application programs are compiled using the incremental PID control algorithm with integral separation and the fuzzy control algorithm respectively. The advantages and disadvantages of these two control methods are pointed out based on the actual control effects in the air conditioning laboratory: Since there are many control loops in the HVAC system, and the characteristics of each object are different, the parameters of the loop controller used must be adjusted and controlled. The methods are also different, and there are many research results on controllers.
2.1.3. Energy management
With the popularization of computers, computer systems have gradually replaced conventional instruments and become the intelligent monitoring, control and management equipment for HVAC systems. In the control and management of air-conditioning systems, the application of computer technology can effectively improve the system operation quality, reduce operating energy consumption, and reduce the labor intensity of operation and management, achieving good economic and social benefits. Jiang Yi has studied computer monitoring of various air-conditioning systems. Control, modify the parameter settings by starting/stopping the central control management machine. Weng Shijun discussed the air-conditioning automatic control energy-saving method for the cold and heat sources and delivery parts of the air-conditioning. This method realizes interlocking, logic, sequential start-stop and energy-saving control of the water pump and fan of the refrigeration and heat pump unit by accepting instructions from the on-site intelligent console. According to the chiller unit The cold water supply and return water temperature and temperature difference are used to control the optimal number and combination of cooling tower fans and other equipment of the chiller to achieve energy saving. Based on frequency conversion technology, Cao Qiusheng developed a load-following tracking system based on optimal control and fuzzy control. The unique special management system software realizes HVAC energy saving control. Zhong Wei uses the calculation of cooling and heating loads to select cold and heat source units and terminal equipment with suitable COP values ??to save cold and heat sources, and uses frequency conversion technology and other means to change the flow of the water pump. In order to reduce the transmission energy consumption of the water and air system, Jin Xinqiao analyzed the multi-region variable air volume air conditioning and its control system. On the basis of the research, according to the requirements for fresh air volume in ASHRAE ventilation standards, the control schemes of four fresh air distribution schemes were simulated and analyzed for the hybrid air supply system, and the fresh air distribution and system energy consumption of each scheme were comprehensively examined. The results show that the fresh air distribution problem of the multi-zone VAV air conditioning system can be better solved through VAV terminal reheat control combined with the control scheme of AHU air supply temperature optimization, and at the same time, the energy consumption of the system can be effectively reduced. In short, the energy management system is reflected in the optimization of equipment combination, work sequence optimization and statistical measurement assessment of various energy indicators.
2.1.4. Development direction of HVAC optimization control and energy management technology
(1) The existing HVAC control system mainly focuses on improving the level of automation and adopts It is composed of loop control, equipment sequence, and logic control switching values ??based on traditional PID control strategy. The basic control unit and CPU core processing are mainly 8-bit microcontrollers. With the development of embedded systems and intelligent control theory, and embedded Microprocessors are getting cheaper and cheaper. Based on 16-bit and above embedded microprocessor systems, using advanced control strategies, unit controllers with adaptive self-learning functions will surely become the mainstream of unit controllers, which can realize control The object gradually learns to achieve optimal control of the loop under variable load, multiple working conditions, and any initial conditions, achieving the purpose of optimal control of each link.
(2) At present, HVAC systems control the temperature, pressure, flow and other parameters of each equipment in a fixed working point manner. Each equipment (or link) has its own maximum value under certain conditions. optimal set point. However, the result of such processing is not necessarily optimal for the entire HVAC system, and it cannot be guaranteed to operate in the most energy-saving manner under various working conditions. How to use the energy consumption of the entire system as the optimal performance index under various loads and find the optimal setting value of each device (or link) is an important aspect of optimal control research and the key to energy saving.
(3) The management functions of existing HVAC systems are more reflected in monitoring, that is, centralized management and reporting of information from basic control units, alarms, and the dispatch of status monitoring equipment. How to add energy management functions on the existing basis and monitor the energy usage of end users in all aspects of HVAC must be studied.
(4) Application of network technology There are different control protocols in current HVAC control systems, and different control systems have different development environments and technical standards. However, with the improvement of enterprise informatization, not only the integration of various HVAC control systems is required, but also the energy management of the system and the operation information of the equipment must be incorporated into the enterprise information management system composed of the Internet and Intranet to realize heterogeneous computers. System data sharing and information exchange are another development direction for HVAC energy management and optimal control.
(5) Intelligent system based on human body status. Through the investigation and research on the air-conditioning control of hotels, restaurants, office buildings, service halls, etc. that have been implemented with different functions, I found that no matter what kind of control is used, Technology and management technology, there are still many users who are not satisfied with air conditioning control, that is, under the same temperature and humidity conditions, different people feel different, some people feel cold, some people feel not cold; some people feel comfortable, some feel uncomfortable. This individual difference in perception will lead to major changes in existing air conditioning control and energy management technology. The author believes that based on the existing control methods and technologies, making full use of sensing technology and induction technology, through the simulation of human body status, and taking the human status change trajectory as the main axis, we can establish a system that uses human feelings and status as input. Air conditioning control and energy management systems with air temperature, humidity, and flow velocity as the main outputs will be the main research direction for future development.
2.2. A brief discussion on the application of environmental protection and energy-saving technology in HVAC systems
Since the 1920s, compression refrigerators have achieved unprecedented development, and HVAC The technology has also been widely used in various public and commercial buildings, improving the indoor environment and providing a strong guarantee for the comfort and high quality of indoor air quality. Throughout the construction industry at home and abroad, civil and industrial buildings have begun to experiment with central air conditioning on a large scale. Its widespread use marks the level of development of a region's science and technology and economic level, and essentially plays a role in improving the management level of enterprises. effect. The issue of energy saving in HVAC systems has also received widespread attention. Due to the increasing diversification and detailing of modern people's living concepts and styles, the environment within the building needs to be gradually strengthened.
This article conducts an in-depth discussion on the application of environmentally friendly and energy-saving technologies in HVAC systems and the natural resources that can be developed and used.
2.2.1. The role of HVAC
The purpose of installing HVAC is to adjust the comfort of the indoor working and living environment. Its main function is to adjust the temperature and humidity, air flow speed and cleanliness of the air. Among the conventional air-conditioning comfort requirements, the goal is to satisfy the human body to maintain uniform heat and create a sense of comfort. In technological air-conditioned rooms with constant temperature and humidity or cleaning requirements, it is important to meet the normal standards of the production process [9] .
2.2.2. The impact of HVAC on the human body
Due to the general increase in airtightness of buildings, the decoration process has become more and more cumbersome, resulting in a large amount of indoor pollutants. increases and the residence time is also lengthened accordingly. How to effectively improve the air quality problems in air-conditioned rooms has received great attention from all walks of life. Adopting ventilation to obtain enough fresh air indoors is currently the most effective means to improve air quality [10].
2.2.3. Utilization of various emerging environmentally friendly energy sources
(1) Use natural gas as the energy source for air conditioning and refrigeration equipment. Natural gas is the third largest conventional energy source after coal and oil. , can effectively control carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions, reduce environmental pollution, and reduce harm to human health. The market for refrigeration and air conditioning using natural gas as energy has broad prospects.
(2) Utilize various renewable resources, such as geothermal heat, underground water, solar energy, natural wind, ocean energy and other natural resources. Ground source heat pump air conditioning is an efficient and energy-saving air conditioning system that uses the energy absorbed from natural resources such as soil, groundwater, and surface water in winter to provide heat energy to buildings, and releases heat to natural resources in summer to cool buildings. Mainly used in residential buildings, villas, schools and commercial buildings. Solar air conditioners use solar radiation as energy for cooling. Its use makes up for the shortage of power supply, relieves the pressure on power supply, and is also very environmentally friendly. It will not bring about the urban heat island effect caused by the use of traditional electric air conditioners, and because the use principle of solar air conditioners does not include Freon , it will not produce relevant harmful substances and cause damage to the atmospheric environment. It is a veritable green energy-saving air conditioner.
2.2.4. Application of new environmentally friendly and energy-saving technologies
(1) Cold storage air conditioners generally use two media: ice and water. Since power supply in many big cities is tight during the day, in order to limit electricity consumption, electricity charges are charged at different levels during the day and at night. Generally, after a certain time in the evening, when electricity prices are low, you can use ice-cold air conditioning. This type of air conditioner turns on part of the refrigeration unit to make ice and store the total energy at night when electricity prices are low. During peak electricity consumption periods during the day, when electricity prices are relatively high, the ice is melted to provide low-temperature water, releasing the stored energy to meet the large demand for electricity. This method can effectively reduce electricity costs.
(2) Heat recovery technology recovers the heat emitted by the air conditioning unit to prevent the exhaust system from directly discharging the air in the air-conditioned room to the outside, causing a waste of energy. This technology can effectively reduce thermal pollution, recover and reuse heat, and achieve the effect of turning waste into treasure.
(3) Low-temperature floor radiant heating technology is to bury hot water pipes directly in the floor to heat the floor, and the heat generated by ground radiation heats the indoor air. In this method, hot water is often used as the medium, and the surface temperature of the radiator is not greater than 45 degrees Celsius. In the overshoot of low-temperature floor radiant heating, heat is transferred upward by convection, causing the indoor temperature to be higher than the upper level, allowing people to feel their feet warm while keeping their heads cool and comfortable. Low-temperature floor radiant heating, floor heating not only provides good comfort and privacy, but also can reduce lift, effectively save space, facilitate metering and transformation, and save maintenance costs in all aspects.
2.3. Technical progress and prospects of air conditioning systems
(1) The fresh air pretreatment system is divided into a heat recovery fresh air pretreatment system and a dehumidification fresh air pretreatment system.
The heat recovery fresh air pretreatment system can recover the energy in the exhaust air to pretreat the fresh air to reduce part of the cooling capacity and dehumidification capacity of the system, reduce the system capacity, and is used in situations where temperature and humidity requirements and humidity control are not strict. . The dehumidification fresh air pretreatment system avoids the shortcomings of cold and heat offset and low machine leakage, reduces the cooling capacity, realizes independent control of temperature and humidity, and is easy to adjust with high precision.
(2) The ice storage low-temperature air supply system closely combines the ice storage system with the low-temperature air supply air conditioner. It combines ice storage technology with low-temperature air supply to significantly improve indoor air quality and effectively save money. energy. The ice storage low-temperature air supply system can reduce the relative humidity in the room, making people feel more comfortable, cooler and drier.
(3) The independent fresh air system is referred to as DOAS. Its fresh air unit uses a low-temperature air supply unit to directly send 100 fresh air to the air-conditioned room, bearing the fresh air load and all indoor latent heat loads and part of the sensible heat loads. None of its sensible cooling equipment has a return air system, which can greatly improve the environmental safety of the building without causing the spread of pollution in different rooms: a full heat exchanger is used between the fresh air and exhaust air, which can reduce air conditioning energy consumption.
The development of HVAC systems originated from the construction industry. The rapid development of the construction industry in recent years has brought good development opportunities to the air-conditioning manufacturing industry. The vigorous use of environmentally friendly and energy-saving technologies in HVAC manufacturing is the only way for related industries to achieve glory. Continuous research and development of new environmentally friendly and energy-saving technologies can ensure that HVAC systems keep pace with the times. ;