Research report on the main problems and policy recommendations currently existing in the construction of the credit reporting system

The construction of credit reporting is a project that involves a wide range of areas, is complex in content, has high technical content, and is ahead of its time. A systematic project that is both unique and challenging, credit reporting construction has broad social implications. Recently, we conducted a comprehensive inspection on the construction of the credit reporting system of banking financial institutions in Jinzhong City from January to October 20__ using the bank credit registration and consultation system as the carrier. Through inspection, we found that there are still some problems in the current construction of the credit reporting system of banking financial institutions, which restrict the steady advancement of the construction of the credit reporting system and should be paid attention to.

1. Problems existing in the construction of the current credit reporting system within the jurisdiction

1. Lack of relevant laws and regulations

The construction of the credit system involves the government, banks, enterprises, personal information and related activity records. The lack of credit reporting regulations will have a certain impact on the smooth development of credit reporting activities. At present, the only basis for the construction of the credit reporting system is the "Bank Credit Registration Consultation Management Measures (Trial)". National credit reporting regulations have not yet been promulgated, leaving the credit reporting industry with no rules to follow. The lack of authority and corresponding legal status of credit reporting agencies makes it difficult to collect credit data. Moreover, after five years of practical testing, the relevant provisions in the "Measures" are not sound enough and need to be improved urgently:

First, the penalty provisions in the "Measures" are not detailed enough and may easily cause disputes during the implementation process. For example, the penalty rules only stipulate the amount of punishment for violations by commercial banks without taking into account the number of violations; there is no clear provision on whether financial institutions with multiple violations can be punished simultaneously; the registration and reporting of wrong information due to work errors There is no clear distinction standard between "registration and reporting of false information"; only imposing a penalty of 10,000 to 30,000 yuan on financial institutions that do not participate in the bank credit registration consultation system will not force them to participate in the bank credit registration consultation system; there is no requirement for the use of proxy servers to report For financial institutions that submit data, their late reporting responsibilities are not clearly defined between superior and subordinate banks.

Second, there is no strong restraint on borrowers. The bank credit registration and consultation system is a system where data is updated in real time, but the "Measures" lack effective means to restrict the update of the borrower's basic profile information. For example, when the loan element information changes, the borrower should promptly go to the People's Bank of China to handle the change. However, the "Measures" do not stipulate how to deal with borrowers who do not go through the change procedures in a timely manner. Loan card management implements a centralized annual review system. When a borrower does not participate in the annual review or fails the annual review, the "Measures" stipulate that the borrower's loan card can be suspended. During the suspension period, financial institutions cannot handle credit business for the borrower. However, it also stipulates that borrowers can apply for loan card suspension cancellation and does not impose any restrictions on the suspension cancellation procedures and time. If the borrower passes the annual review, the suspension will be lifted, and the borrower can apply for annual compensation at any time according to his actual needs. , the centralized annual review system will exist in name only.

Third, the relevant provisions of the "Measures" are not specific and not very operable. For example, there is no clear stipulation that in addition to declaring bankruptcy, dissolution, and being revoked in accordance with the law, which "serious violations of these Measures" by the borrower can cancel the loan card, nor does it specify the time for the suspension of loan card cancellation and the standards for lifting the suspension. At the same time, the main sources of credit information in the credit reporting system are various financial institutions, and most of the information is collected without the knowledge of customers, which can easily touch business secrets and personal privacy, affecting the healthy and rapid development of the credit reporting industry.

2. Financial institutions do not have enough understanding and attention.

Because some grassroots financial institutions do not have enough understanding of the construction of the credit reporting system, they do not emphasize whether the company has a loan card when lending. As a result, borrowers do not have adequate understanding of how to apply for a loan card or an annual review loan card, and are not very enthusiastic and have a weak concept. Many companies only think of the People's Bank of China to apply for a loan card or an annual review loan card when applying for a loan from a financial institution. Moreover, Some financial institutions have not established work processes and loan inquiry systems, nor have they inquired the status and credit status of loan cards through the bank credit registration consultation system for enterprises with which they have credit business. As a result, some financial institutions have issued inquiries to companies with invalid cards or no loan cards. The phenomenon of a borrower granting a loan. For example, during the inspection, it was found that 109 invalid card loans were issued by the financial institutions under investigation, with an amount of 182 million yuan. There are also some financial institutions that do not make entries according to the original vouchers of the enterprise, and the amounts recorded for loan recovery and disbursement are inconsistent with the original vouchers, and there are cases where corporate loans are entered incorrectly or concurrently.

3. Network construction Imperfection affects the normal operation of the system

First, there is a lack of conversion interface programs for compatible functions between the information platforms of various institutions. The bank credit registration consultation system has been based on the "small system" of each financial institution from the beginning. There is a lack of conversion interface programs for compatible functions between the information platforms of each institution. The relevant data is mainly collected manually, which requires various Financial institutions invest a lot of human and financial resources, and it is easy to cause late reporting and underreporting. As a supporting measure to constrain the standardized operations of various financial institutions, the "Measures" stipulates many penalty clauses. For example, for late reporting, omissions, etc., the People's Bank of China may, in accordance with Article 32 of Chapter 6 of the "Measures", Give it a warning and order it to make corrections, impose a fine of not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 20,000 yuan, and impose disciplinary sanctions on the person in charge and the person directly responsible for the financial institution. However, due to the defects of the system network itself, various financial institutions have existed problems. Many of the problems are of a sexual nature, and the People's Bank of China cannot impose severe sanctions in accordance with the "Measures" and can only impose symbolic penalties. Moreover, among the current financial institutions, only the Urban and Rural Credit Cooperatives and the Agricultural Development Bank use the program version uniformly developed by the People's Bank of China, while the other four major state-owned commercial banks, namely Industrial, Agricultural, Commercial Bank of China, and China Construction Bank

all use their own version. Program versions cause many difficulties to the unified upgrade and daily management of the system.

The second is that the network reported by the system is not smooth. In the actual operation process of the People's Bank of China at the grassroots level, due to the failure of the data transmission interface, the data and information entered by the enterprise when applying for a loan card cannot be written in time to the database of the Central Branch of the People's Bank of China, causing the data recorded in the database of the People's Bank of China's upper and lower levels to The information is inconsistent, and other financial institutions lack timeliness in querying and downloading corporate credit information and loan card information, resulting in incomplete corporate credit information. During this inspection, 463 late-reported data of financial institutions were examined, with an amount of 1.052 billion yuan, accounting for 6.7% of the total business volume; 356 businesses were reported collectively, with an amount of 437 million yuan, accounting for 2.78% of the total business volume. In particular, rural credit cooperatives did not establish an internal network system due to financial burden issues in the process of promoting the bank credit registration and consultation system, and adopted the method of centralized entry by county cooperatives, resulting in late reporting, underreporting and centralized entry of a large amount of data. Report. During this inspection, it was found that rural credit cooperatives had omitted to report data in 164 cases, with an amount of 131.66 million yuan; reported data late in 115 cases, with an amount of 131.29 million yuan; and reported data collectively in 83 cases, with an amount of 97.98 million yuan. For another example, all data reported by the county-level branches of the Agricultural Bank of China are uniformly reported by the second-level branches. The grass-roots branches do not report directly, and it is difficult to control whether the data is reported on time and whether the report is successful. The second-level branches affect the data to a certain extent due to interface problems. Accuracy of data reporting.

Third, there is no channel for county-level financial institutions to inquire about corporate loan card information. At present, each county-level financial institution has its own credit management system (CMS), which serves as the front-end terminal of its regional institutions and reports loan business data in real time through the internal network; it is then summarized and written into the central branch of the People's Bank of China by its prefecture-level financial institutions. database.

However, county-level financial institutions can only query the company's loan information in this system, but cannot use the bank credit consultation system to query a company's loan information in other financial institutions. In other words, the bank credit registration and consultation system is only used in regional-level financial institutions and has not been extended to county-level financial institutions. When handling credit business, the superior bank needs to query the credit consultation database of the People's Bank of China. In this case, grassroots financial institutions cannot grasp the borrower's credit situation in a timely manner, which has many adverse effects on pre-loan investigations and post-loan follow-up inspections. This prevents the system from functioning properly.

4. The system service scope is narrow and the amount of input information is insufficient

Since our country has not yet established and improved the personal credit system, the current bank credit registration and consultation system mainly provides loans for financial institutions. People's credit consulting services have not yet been provided to the whole society. They have only completed the registration of credit information for state-owned, collective, joint-stock, private enterprises, and public institutions. Consumer loans issued by banks and personal credit information have not yet been registered. As a result, some loans are outside the credit registration and consultation system, such as consumer loans, rural credit cooperative loans to farmers, and natural person loans, resulting in a vacuum in personal loan information and loan supervision and management of grassroots financial institutions. Moreover, judging from the content of the information entered in the current bank credit registration consultation system, most of it only records the borrower's production, operation, assets and liabilities, and social credit information such as corporate bankruptcy, bankruptcy, tax payment, and litigation have not yet been fully included in the bank credit registration consultation. in the system.

5. The authenticity of the information entered into the system cannot be confirmed

The information provided by the enterprise when applying for a loan card, except for the capital verification report, account opening license, and loan status, can not be provided Apart from the relevant issuing departments, it is difficult to confirm the authenticity of the production, operation, assets and liabilities of the enterprise and the social credit status of the relevant enterprises, especially the production and operation status and corporate financial statements of private enterprises, joint-stock enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households. No certification department can confirm the authenticity of the information, which makes the authenticity of the information entered in the system "infiltrated", making it difficult to ensure the authenticity and validity of the information.

2. Policy recommendations for further improving the credit reporting system

1. Further strengthening the construction of credit reporting laws and regulations

First, improve existing laws and regulations as soon as possible. The People's Bank of China should further revise and improve the "Management Measures for the Bank Credit Consultation System" in accordance with the legal provisions, and issue the "Implementation Rules for the Bank Credit Registration Consultation System" as soon as possible to enhance the enforceability of laws and regulations. In the long run, in order to cooperate with the establishment of the entire social credit system, economic experts and legal experts should be organized to formulate special laws and regulations for credit registration consultation management.

Second, the principle of legislation first must be highlighted. First, it is necessary to clarify the legal status, rights and obligations of credit reporting agencies, and standardize related operations such as information provision, collection, storage, and organization; second, it is necessary to standardize the management of government, corporate, and personal information disclosure behaviors and define national security information, corporate and personal credit The boundaries between information, business secrets and personal privacy ensure that all types of information run on their own tracks.

Third, regulations must reflect credit ratings and related indicators. The first is to use regulations to determine corporate credit classification standards, so that credit reporting and information disclosure are legally based and to facilitate the public's identification of credit information; the second is to establish a personal information requisition mechanism and use legal forms to compel the collection of personal information. Clarify the levels of personal credit data and protect personal privacy rights to the greatest extent; third, standardize credit data collection behaviors and information processing standards, change the current situation of large differences in enterprise rating conclusions by evaluation agencies, and truly establish an objective, fair and rigorous , efficient and considerate credit reporting system.

Fourth, ensure the validity and authenticity of credit information. Since my country currently has relatively few records in terms of personal credit information, compared with mature market economy countries, the effectiveness of credit information in the development of my country's credit industry will be of low quality for a period of time. The amount of information is insufficient, the collection, transmission, and updating of information are not timely, and credit information does not exert its effectiveness.

This requires our country's credit reporting legislation to make strict regulations on a series of aspects such as information collection to avoid affecting the effectiveness of credit assessment due to lack of or untrue credit information.

2. Further strengthen the management of interface bank software development

At present, the four commercial banks, ICBC, Agricultural Bank of China, China Construction Bank and China Construction Bank, use the interface method to submit data to the People’s Bank of China. This method There are some problems in the actual use process: the data entered by the interface bank is not standardized, and a large number of erroneous data information appears during the retrieval process at the People's Bank of China, which requires repeated coordination and modification with the interface bank; some interface banks often have problems due to problems in their own systems. Late reporting situation. When problems arise with the interface bank's program, because the People's Bank of China's business and technical personnel do not understand its credit management system and interface software, they are unable to provide business and technical support and guidance. They can only urge them to solve the problem as soon as possible and report it to the superior bank. , resulting in slow problem resolution and affecting the stable operation of the entire bank's credit registration and consultation system. As the business expansion of commercial banks further accelerates, their system upgrades will become more frequent, which will add unstable factors to the construction of bank credit registration and consultation systems. It is recommended that the head office strengthen the management of the interface software development of interface banks and require that the interface software must always comply with the requirements of the bank's credit registration consultation system. If the interface bank cannot meet this requirement, it needs to cancel the data reporting method of the interface software and use the data developed by the People's Bank of China. software.

3. Build a "three-in-one" and "one-in-one" information platform to give full play to the credit reporting function of the credit registration consultation system

It is necessary to make full use of the credit reporting system to cover the whole country and be networked. Universal advantage, deepen the application function of the credit registration consultation system itself, establish a financial company network information platform on the credit registration consultation system, regularly publish national industrial policy guidance, national key construction project fund demand information and malicious evasion of financial debts The list of enterprises will enrich the window guidance work platform of the People's Bank of China and safeguard the safety of financial claims. At the same time, the function of the loan card should be extended into a comprehensive credit card that integrates various credit information such as corporate credit status, honest tax payment, and legal operation. The information logged on the card should be expanded to include the social and economic activities of the enterprise involving integrity. All contents should include various departments such as banking, taxation, industry and commerce, and technical supervision to improve the network operating environment and build the bank credit registration and consultation system into a true enterprise credit file database. Moreover, the bank credit registration and consultation system should be equipped with a monitoring function so that once a financial institution issues a loan to an enterprise without a loan card or an invalid loan card, the system can give a prompt. ;