When was the world's first bank card invented?
The world's first credit card originated in the United States in 1915. The earliest institutions to issue credit cards were not banks, but department stores, restaurants, entertainment industries and gasoline companies.
In 1950, American businessman Frank McNamara and his business partners founded the "Diners Club" in New York, the predecessor of Diners Club, and issued the first credit card in the century. A plastic credit card - Diners Club. In 1952, Franklin National Bank in California, USA, was the first financial institution to enter the field of issuing credit cards, thus kicking off the process of issuing credit cards by banks. In 1959, the American Bank of America issued the American Bank card in California. Since then, many banks have joined the ranks of card-issuing banks. When was the world's first computer (computer) invented?
The first electronic computer was called ENIAC (short for Electronic Numerical Integrator Computer, and its full name in English is Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer). It was invented in 1946 It was announced in the United States on February 15, 2015. When was the world's first electronic computer invented by whom?
Also known as "electronic tube computer". An electronic computer with electron tubes as its main circuit components. The first tube computer was made in the United States on February 14, 1946, and was named Eniac. The electronic computers produced from 1946 to 1957 were all the first generation of electronic computers. When was the first submarine in the world made?
In 1620, the Dutch physicist Cornelius Dreher successfully built the first diving ship in human history. A "ship" that travels underwater. Its hull is like a wooden cabinet, with a wooden structure covered with greased cowhide, and a sheepskin bladder used as a ballast water tank inside. This diving boat is driven by multiple wooden oars, can carry 12 crew members, and can dive 3-5 meters into the water. Dreyer's diving boat is considered the prototype of the submarine, so he is called the "Father of Submarines."
The world's first submarine was built and tested by the Dutch inventor Cornelius Drebbel between 1620 and 1624. This kind of submarine is made of wood, covered with a layer of oiled cowhide diving boat. It carries 12 sailors on board and has a sheepskin bag inside the boat to serve as a water tank. When diving, the sheepskin bag is filled with water; when floating up, the water in the sheepskin bag is squeezed out; when sailing, human power is used to paddle the wooden paddle. The first person to propose the idea of ??a submarine was the British scientist William Burne. In 1578, he proposed the design of a ship that could dive and row underwater in a book called "Inventions". Forty years later, a Dutch physicist living in England, Cornelius Dreblin, saw the book written by William Byrne, and he had the idea to turn William Byrne's theory into reality. idea. With the support of King James I of England, Drebling quickly built a small boat that could float and row in the water. This kind of boat looks like a large leather bag. The hull is a wooden frame covered with a layer of oiled cowhide. The boat can accommodate rowers and passengers. In order to solve the problem of diving and floating of the boat, many sheepskin bags are installed on the boat. When the boat wants to dive, water is put into the bags; when the boat wants to float, the water in the bags is squeezed out. In 1620, Drebling held an exhibition to showcase his invention. During 1620-1624, Drebling conducted many sailing experiments on the boat he invented on the Thames River, confirming the possibility of underwater navigation. At present, it is generally believed that the inventor of the first submarine was Nilis Drebling of the Netherlands. In the American Revolutionary War that broke out in 1770, the submarine "Turtle" invented by American David Bushnell attacked an enemy ship in a naval battle for the first time.
In 1880, the great American inventor Fulton built the first sail-equipped submarine "Nautilus" for the French Navy. At the end of the 19th century, submarine inventors from various countries began to develop mechanically powered submarines. The most representative one was John Holland, a middle school teacher in the United States. John Holland successfully developed the first mechanically powered submarine in 1875, named "Holland 1". The submarine uses steam propulsion when traveling on the surface and electric propulsion when traveling underwater, and can effectively use water tanks and horizontal rudders for diving. In May 1897, John Holland successfully developed a submarine that was later called the "Holland Boat". The submarine, which uses a gasoline engine for propulsion when traveling on the surface, uses an electric motor for underwater navigation. Once the battery that powers the electric motor is used up, the gasoline engine can recharge the battery when the submarine surfaces. This ingenious combination of surface power and underwater power has become a model of modern submarine power plants. In addition, the "Holland Boat" was equipped for the first time with the latest weapon of the navy at that time - the "White Head" torpedo, which gave the submarine the ability to sink surface ships. The emergence of the "Holland boat" marked the birth of modern submarines. For this reason, John Holland is called the "Father of Modern Submarines" by later generations. When was the world's first color photo invented and by whom
On August 15, 1839, an exhibition of optical photos was held in the hall of the French Academy of Sciences. This was the first time in the world that The first photo of him caused a sensation throughout Paris.
In modern life, taking pictures is a very common thing. The world's first photograph was invented by Louis Dayler, a French painter and stage set designer in the 1830s. When did the world's first piano come out?
The earliest piano was invented by the Italian Cristofori (1655-1731). He was originally a manufacturer of piano precursors. In 1687, Christopher was employed by Ferdinand, Prince of Florence, where he remained until his death in 1713. In 1709, he invented a piano that was exactly the same in appearance as its predecessor, but had a different string-producing device inside. This is the world's first piano. The predecessor of the piano used quills to pluck the strings, so some people called it "harpsichord"; while the piano used a hammer that could be sighed to strike the strings, the intensity could be controlled, and the volume could change in different sizes, so at that time On October 7th, this center was named "Harposicot with Changes in Strength and Weakness". The two words "piano" and "forte" spell out "pianoforte", which was later shortened to "piano", which is the foreign language of piano. name. The piano is now in the Museum of Art of the City of New York. When was the world's first computer (computer) invented? What country? Who invented it?
The world’s first digital electronic computer was led by physicist John Mauchly and engineer J-Presper Eckert of the University of Pennsylvania The computer developed was named ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator).
In 1942, Moakley, who was teaching at the University of Pennsylvania, proposed the idea of ??using electron tubes to form a computer. This plan attracted the attention of Goldstine, the U.S. Army Ballistic Research Institute. At the time of World War II, ballistic problems in the development of new weapons involved many complex calculations. Manual calculations alone were far from meeting the requirements, and there was an urgent need for automatic calculation machines. So with funding from the U.S. Army Department, the development of ENIAC began in 1943 and was completed in 1946. Its functions were indeed outstanding at the time. For example, it could perform 5,000 addition operations in one second and one multiplication operation in 3 milliseconds. Compared with manual calculations, it was much faster. The ballistic calculation time for a 60-second range was reduced from the original of 20 minutes reduced to 30 seconds. But it also shows that video memory has shortcomings.
It is huge, with about 18,800 electron tubes, 1,500 relays, 70,000 resistors and other various electrical components in the machine. In this way, ENIAC has a body that is 8 feet tall (about 2.44 meters), 3 feet wide, and 100 feet long, weighs 30 tons, and consumes 140 kilowatts of power. In addition, its storage capacity is very small, it can only store 20 decimal digits with a word length of 10 digits, and it is programmed using a line connection method, so each time it solves a problem, it must be manually changed. The preparation time greatly exceeds the actual calculation time.
Despite this, the successful development of ENIAC provides an opportunity for the future development of computer science. Every time one of its shortcomings is overcome, it has a great impact on the development of computers. Among them, the greatest impact is The use of "program storage" method. It was the American mathematician Von Neumann who established the idea of ??program storage as a system. His idea was to set up a memory in the computer, store the symbolic calculation steps in the memory, and then take them out one after another. The stored content is decoded, and calculations are performed based on the decoding results, thereby automating computer work. What was the world's first newspaper?
my country's modern newspaper industry
The first official newspaper - "Beiyang Official News" (in 1902, the General Administration was established in Tianjin for nationwide distribution)
A Chinese commercial newspaper - "Hong Kong Chinese and Foreign News" (1858, Hong Kong)
The first commercial newspaper - "Hong Kong Ship Price Paper" (1857, Hong Kong)
The first Chinese newspaper published in my country - "The Biography of Dongxiyang Kao Monthly Tongji" (1833, Guangzhou)
The first English newspaper - Guangzhou Record Newspaper (Guangdong Chronicle) (1827, Guangzhou - English)
The first domestic modern newspaper (also the first foreign language newspaper) - "Bee Hua Bao" (1822, Macau - Portuguese)
The first modern Chinese-language newspaper (also the first religious newspaper) - "Cha Secular Monthly Tongji Biography" (1815, Singapore)
Early Similar manuscripts of documents appeared in China 2,000 years ago. It was a publication used by the government at that time to copy the emperor's edicts, ministers' memorials and other documents as well as related political situations. It was called "Di Bao". It has some characteristics of newspapers. It can be considered the earliest form of "Communist Gazette". The Tang Dynasty's "Jinzouyuanzhuang", originally stored in the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, is the earliest known handwritten newspaper in China, dating back more than 1,000 years.
The use of printing to print newspapers appeared in Europe around 1450. The newspaper reporting Columbus's experience of discovering the New World appeared in 1493 and was the first newspaper printed in Rome at that time. Newspapers at that time were not published every day, but only printed temporarily when new information was available.
In 1609, Thorne published the "Avesu Affair" in Germany, published once a week, which was the earliest regularly published newspaper in the world. Newspapers soon became popular in Europe, and news reports generally relied on well-connected businessmen.
The daily newspaper was first published in 1650 by the German Timothy Titz. Although it was only published for about 3 months, it was the first daily newspaper in the world.
Newspapers refer to paper publications that mainly publish news and news reviews, usually printed in loose pages, unbound, and without covers. It has a fixed name, is open to the public, and is issued regularly and continuously. Nowadays, most newspapers are published once or several times a day, and some are published several times a week or once a week. Newspapers in this sense only appear in modern society. "Newspapers" in ancient society were either not paper-based, or not printed, or were issued irregularly and continuously. In a certain sense, they were not oriented to the public.
The direct origin of modern newspapers is the printed news paper (a single news leaflet) that began to appear in Germany in the 15th century.
The "Frankfurt News" founded in 1615 is generally regarded as the first "real" newspaper because the newspaper has a fixed name, is published regularly once a week, and has several news items printed on each page rather than a single piece of news (but the newspaper is single sided printing). The English word "newspaper" first appeared in the first British newspaper "Oxford Gazette" in 1665. The earliest daily newspaper "New Arrival News" appeared in Leipzig, Germany in 1650, but the daily newspaper became the protagonist of newspapers only after the 18th century. The popularity of daily newspapers marks the maturity of the journalism industry in a country or region, because the continuous publication of daily newspapers puts forward higher requirements for the collection and transmission of information, printing technology, the quality of news personnel, and the level of management personnel.
In the early days, newspapers and magazines were mixed. There were news, various essays and literary works, which were simply bound into volumes. Newspapers and magazines of this period are usually generally referred to as "newspapers", and the early concept of "newspapers" in Britain, France, and China was used in this sense. Starting from the 18th century in Britain and France, newspapers and magazines began to be clearly separated. About twenty years after the emergence of modern "newspapers" in China, the distinction between newspapers and magazines became clear.
Newspapers can be used as commodities and as propaganda materials for political struggles. Historically, most newspapers in Western developed countries have experienced three development periods: the official newspaper period, the party newspaper period and the commercial newspaper period. In the official newspaper period, newspapers were mainly propaganda materials for political struggles for the feudal royal power, but for publishers of franchise newspapers, they were a commodity that could be sold to make profits. During the party newspaper period, quite a few newspapers were affiliated with various political parties or factions and promoted their own interests, but there were also larger commercial newspapers with obvious political leanings. In the mid-19th century, most newspapers in major capitalist countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom were so cheap that the price of each newspaper was only the smallest unit of the national currency (cents, pence). When newspapers faced the lower class public, they began to win over the public to the greatest extent, with profit as their main purpose. Thus, the period of party newspapers ended and the period of commercial newspapers entered.
In order to maximize circulation, newspapers, in addition to publishing news and strengthening the popularization of news, are increasingly adding entertainment content. In competition with electronic media, in-depth reporting of newspaper news has received greater attention.
Popular newspapers gradually accounted for a large share of the total number of newspapers. However, so-called "high-end newspapers" targeting the middle and upper-class public also gradually stabilized, thus forming popular newspapers and "high-end newspapers". newspapers" their respective living spaces. The former has a huge circulation and makes more profits, while the latter has a limited circulation but dominates in influencing public opinion and winning reputation. Countries where this situation is more obvious, such as the United Kingdom and Germany, while in other countries, the distinction is not very clear, such as the United States, France, and Japan. Hope this helps you