Generally speaking, if we want to get a loan from a bank, we must have collateral or a guarantor. For example, when many people buy a house, they will mortgage the real estate license at the bank. If they don't repay the loan in the future, the bank will deal with our collateral, which means that the bank will auction our house directly and then use the auction funds to repay our loan. Others will find a guarantor to handle the loan, and the bank will definitely find this guarantor.
In addition, some enterprises will apply for loans from banks. However, after the loan is completed, the business of this enterprise may not be particularly good, so the enterprise is unable to repay the loan, but the bank will conduct a systematic evaluation. If the bank thinks that this enterprise still has development potential, then the bank will come up with a sum of money to help the enterprise tide over the existing difficulties, so that the enterprise can continue to generate profits and then repay the loan, which is actually a better method for both parties.
If these two methods don't have much effect, then banks will receive these bad debts through financial asset management companies. Financial asset management companies are actually institutions established after the approval of the state. Its main function is to receive these bad debts from banks, and then realize these debts through prosecution, debt collection or leasing. Of course, banks will not take this approach unless they have to.