Model essay on banking research report
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Banking research report 1
The continuous development of e-banking and e-money business is helpful to improve the efficiency of banking and payment system, and also to reduce the cost of retail business at home and abroad. However, the development and application of electronic money and some electronic banking services are still in the early stage. Considering the uncertainty of electronic banking and electronic money in the future technical and market development, the regulatory authorities must avoid formulating policies that hinder beneficial innovation and experiments. At the same time, the Basel Committee believes that the benefits and risks brought by electronic banking and electronic money business coexist for banks, so the risks and benefits must be balanced.
I. Risk analysis of e-banking business
With the continuous development of e-banking and e-money business, cross-border business between banks and their customers will increase. This kind of business relationship will bring different problems and risks to banks and regulatory authorities. According to the identification and analysis of risks, the management method has three main steps, namely, evaluating risks, implementing measures to control risks and monitoring risks. At the present stage, it seems that operational risk, reputation risk and legal risk may be the most important risk categories in most e-banking and e-money businesses.
1. operational risk.
operational risk mainly refers to the possibility of losses caused by major defects in the system that are not conducive to reliability, stability and safety requirements. It may come from the negligence of e-banking customers, or from the design defects and operational errors of e-banking security system and its products.
2. Reputation risk.
Reputation risk is the risk that the public will have a significant negative view of the bank, which will lead to significant losses to the source of funds or customers. Reputation risk may come from the fact that the system or product fails to achieve the expected results, and has a wide range of negative effects on the public. Reputation risk may originate from customers, that is, customers do not have enough product information and solutions to problems, so that they are at a loss when they encounter problems. Reputation risk may also come from a targeted attack on a bank. For example, a hacker hacked into a bank's network and deliberately spread inaccurate information about the bank or its products.
3. Legal risks.
the legal risk comes from the customary practices that violate or violate the relevant laws, decrees, regulations or agreements, or are vague about the legal obligations and rights of the parties to a transaction. Banks engaged in electronic banking and electronic money business may face legal risks from customer information disclosure and privacy protection. With the development of e-commerce, banks want to do business in e-authentication, for example, by using digital certificates. Authentication may expose a bank to legal risks. If the bank participates in the new identity authentication system, but the rights and obligations are not clearly stipulated in the contract agreement, then the bank may suffer legal risks.
4. Other risks.
traditional banking risks, such as credit risk, liquidity risk, interest rate risk and market risk, can also arise from electronic banking and electronic money business, but their actual influence may be quite different from operational, reputation and legal risks for banks and regulatory authorities.
Second, establish an operational risk prevention system
The rapid technological innovation may change the nature and scope of risks faced by banks in electronic money and electronic banking. Regulators hope that banks will formulate some management measures to deal with the existing risks, and at the same time have corresponding countermeasures for emerging risks. Risk management measures should include three basic elements, namely, risk assessment, risk control and risk monitoring. Only in this way can we achieve the expected goals of banks and regulatory authorities.
1. safety policies and measures.
security is the unity of system, application and internal control, and its function is to ensure the integrity, authenticity and confidentiality of data and operation process. The guarantee of security depends on the formulation and implementation of appropriate security policies and measures by banks, and also on whether the communication between banks and external parties is safe and smooth. Security policies and measures can limit the risk of internal and external attacks on electronic banking and electronic money systems, and also limit the reputation risk caused by security violations.
security measures are the unification of hardware, software tools and personnel management, so as to ensure the security of the system and operation. These measures include many, such as cryptography, passwords, firewalls, virus control and employee selection. Cryptography technology is to convert text data into passwords to prevent unauthorized reading. Passwords, password strings, personal identification numbers, hardware signs and biometrics are all technologies used to control access and identify users.
a firewall is a combination of hardware and software, which is used to select and restrict external access to internal systems connected to open networks (such as the internet). Firewall can also divide the internal network using Internet technology into several small pieces. Firewall technology, if properly designed and implemented, can effectively control access and ensure the confidentiality and integrity of data. Because of the complexity and high cost of this technology, the strength and performance of firewall must adapt to the sensitivity of protected information. A good design should include: the security requirements of the whole bank, the clear operation steps, the decomposition of responsibilities, and the selection of reliable people to be responsible for the design and operation of the firewall.
Although the firewall selects signals from the outside, it may not be able to completely prevent programs downloaded from the Internet that have been infected by viruses. Therefore, the management should formulate control measures for prevention and detection to reduce the chances of virus invasion and data destruction, especially for remote banking. Procedures for mitigating the risk of virus infection should include: network control, end-user policy, user training and virus detection software.
not all security threats come from outside. Where possible, electronic banking and electronic money systems should prevent the unauthorized operation of current or resigned employees. Like the existing banking business, background review, internal control and responsibility decomposition of new employees, temporary employees and consultants are all important preventive measures to ensure system security.
For electronic money, additional security measures can help prevent attacks and misuse (including counterfeiting and money laundering). These measures include: maintaining hotline contact with issuers or central operators; Monitor and track personal transactions; Maintain historical records in the central database; Implanting tamper-proof facilities in stored-value cards or commercial hardware; Set the maximum limit and expiration date for stored-value cards.
2. Internal communication.
If there is good communication between the management and the key staff, the operational, reputation, legal and other risks can be effectively managed and reasonably controlled. At the same time, the technical staff should report clearly to the senior management: how the system is designed, the advantages and disadvantages of the system. Such steps can reduce: operational risks caused by design defects (including incompatibility between different systems in the same bank); Data integrity issues; Reputation risk caused by customers' dissatisfaction with the bank because the system has not achieved the expected results; And credit and liquidity risks.
3. Evaluate and upgrade.
evaluating products and services before they are fully promoted helps to control operational and reputational risks. Equipment and systems should be tested to know whether their functions are normal and produce expected results. Trial operation or pilot is conducive to the development of new application systems. If the functions of existing hardware and software are checked regularly, the risk caused by system speed reduction or interruption can be reduced.
4. Information disclosure and customer education
Information disclosure and customer education are beneficial for banks to limit legal and reputational risks. Information disclosure and education programs should let customers know how to use new products and services, how to solve the fees charged for services and products, and how to solve problems and mistakes, so as to help banks comply with laws and regulations on customer protection and privacy.
5. Emergency plan.
By making an emergency plan, banks can limit the risks caused by the interruption of internal procedures, services and product delivery. The plan can ensure that banks can do something when the provision of e-banking and e-money services is interrupted. Plans can include data recovery, replaceable data processing facilities, emergency staffing, and customer service support. The standby system should be tested regularly to ensure its continuous effectiveness. Banks should ensure that their emergency operations are as safe as normal production operations.
6. Testing the operation of the system is conducive to finding abnormal situations and avoiding major system problems, interruptions and attacks.
By actively invading the system through a variety of methods that do not follow the normal steps, we can focus on testing the identity authentication, isolation measures, design and implementation defects of the security mechanism. Monitoring is a monitoring method, that is, tracking related business through computer software or audit. Compared with intrusion testing, monitoring focuses on monitoring daily operations, investigating anomalies, and dynamically judging the effectiveness of security by detecting compliance with security policies. Banking research report 2
Internal control is a self-discipline behavior of financial institutions. It is the general name of the methods, measures and procedures for financial institutions to carry out risk control, system management and mutual restriction on the business activities of internal functional departments and their staff in order to complete the established work objectives and prevent risks. In recent years, with the deepening of financial system reform, the internal control system of the banking industry has been continuously improved, which not only effectively curbed the growth momentum of non-performing credit assets, but also promoted the improvement of internal management level and economic benefits. However, due to various reasons, individual banks have also exposed some economic cases. For example, on November 17th, 2xx, the Agricultural Bank of a certain banner found a case, which happened in a grassroots business outlet. The suspect was a general teller in the business office, and he was suspected of misappropriating the deposit of the account opening unit during his tenure. The amount involved is more than 2 million yuan, of which: according to preliminary verification, the amount of misappropriation has been 783, yuan, and other amounts involved in the case confessed by the suspect are being further verified. This financial case is an internal theft. 2xx At 1: a.m. on November 16th, an account opening unit requested to allocate 2 million yuan from a bureau of Ximeng. After accepting the application, the teller in the business office of the sub-branch found that the account of the account opening unit only had a balance of 1.78 million yuan, which was not enough to draw the amount. The bank quickly formed a working group to verify the accounts of the account opening unit and found that the actual book balance of the enterprise should be 2.57 million yuan. After verification, the suspects involved embezzled cash for several times from April 2xx to May 2xx, totaling 783, yuan. The misappropriated funds were handed over to her husband for 56, yuan by the suspect in a city for three times, and the rest were remitted to her husband's card by bank card for many times. The case is currently under further investigation.
Enlightenment from the case: The process of committing the crime in this case lasted for a long time, and the preliminary investigation was as long as three years. The reason why criminals dare to commit crimes against the wind today when the internal control system is gradually improved fully exposes the weak internal control of relevant banking financial institutions. It can be seen that it is urgent for Bianmuqi County to strengthen the prevention of internal control risks in the banking industry.
countermeasures and suggestions for strengthening internal control in the banking industry
first, the whole chapter should be established, and the internal control system should be standardized and improved.
the banking industry in bianmuqi county should, in accordance with the requirements of relevant financial laws and regulations and the guiding principles of internal control of financial institutions, implement the responsibility system of top leaders, carefully check and clean up various internal management systems and business regulations, organization and post setting, decision-making and management systems, rules of procedure and democratic decision-making procedures, find out problems and gaps, strictly regulate them, establish the establishment, supplement the supplement, abolish the abolition and adjust the adjustment. According to their own characteristics, formulate the cleaning measures, steps and specific time of the unit to ensure the effectiveness of the cleaning work. On the basis of comprehensively cleaning up the current management system and business rules, combined with the actual situation of the unit and the department, and drawing lessons from the fruitful experience of internal control construction, we will effectively establish a set of internal control mechanisms with clear responsibilities and rights, balanced constraints, sound rules and regulations, and orderly operation, so as to prevent the occurrence of operational risks and major cases from the system and source, and minimize unnecessary losses.
the second is to establish a computer risk management system to speed up the electronic construction of internal control, so that it can meet the needs of business development.
The three incompatible duties of computer system management, computer operation and data storage should be separated to prevent internal crimes. Formulate specific operating procedures and post responsibility system for the input and output of business data, and establish an advanced internal control information system. Formulate safety protection measures for computer operating environment to ensure the reliable, stable and safe operation of the system.
Third, people-oriented and quality education of cadres and workers should be strengthened.
to prevent the occurrence of cases, it is the key to do a good job in the ideological work of employees. Therefore, the banking industry in Bianmuqi County should persist in education, cultivate political strongmen, build a strong ideological defense line, and make employees not want to step on minefields. It is necessary to regularly carry out education with the party's basic line, ideals, market economy theory and financial professional knowledge as the main content, and help employees establish a correct and lofty outlook on life, values and world outlook. It is necessary to regularly carry out legal and professional training, and educate the laws, regulations and rules and regulations as the main content of organizational learning; It is necessary to regularly carry out revolutionary tradition and professional ethics education for employees to enhance their political awareness. Pay attention to education and strengthen quality, constantly improve the ideological and political quality and moral and legal concepts of cadres and workers, and lay a good quality foundation for effectively preventing the occurrence of violations of law and discipline. Banking research report 3
Operational risk is one of the main risks faced by the banking industry. It is different from credit risk and market risk. Operational risk is spread all over the positions in the bank, and operational risk is the most intensive point. Every business in the bank's business activities needs to be operated by counter personnel, and the risk also exists in every link of the operation process. If it is not careful, it will lead to mistakes and even accidents, which will bring adverse effects and losses to the bank's operation. Therefore, it is particularly important to face up to the existence of risks, analyze the causes of risks, constantly improve the internal control system, strengthen internal management, and effectively reduce and control the operational risks of business operations.
I. Risks existing in business operation and their causes
There are many forms of business operation risks, and we classify them from the direct causes, mainly in the following aspects: First, human illegal operations are formed. In the process of operation, there are rules that are not followed, or the business is handled in violation of the operating procedures, resulting in errors or risks. Second, the operation process is not strict or the system is not perfect, and risks are formed by arbitrary handling in the operation process. Third, there are risks due to technical reasons, such as the low comprehensive quality of counter personnel and the inability to identify the authenticity of bills. The fourth is moral hazard. It is manifested in the crime committed by internal personnel or internal and external collusion, which is also a black hole of business operation risk. The fifth is