Overdraft is a form of loan, and the bank allows its depositors to spend more than their deposit balance within a pre-agreed limit. The broad concept of overdraft also includes financial overdraft, that is, after the financial deposits are exhausted, the financial department will continue to issue checks within the prescribed limits, and the funds will be advanced by the bank. Depositors should pay interest on overdraft loans and have the obligation to repay them at any time. There are three situations of overdraft: ① If collateral is provided during overdraft, it is called mortgage overdraft; 2 If collateral is not provided, it is called credit overdraft; (3) Overdraft of interbank funds is called interbank overdraft.
Overdraft is a Chinese word, which means that the depositor, with the consent of the bank, withdraws more money than the deposit amount within a certain time and within a certain limit, and the expenditure exceeds the income, and the withdrawal (salary) is made in advance, and the mental and physical exhaustion exceeds the tolerable level.
Overdraft, as a way of credit, is one of the direct causes of credit expansion and chaos in monetary and financial markets in social and economic life. If banks rely on their original deposits and savings to overdraw, that is, to compress their original loans without changing the amount of credit funds, this overdraft has a material basis and will not have much impact on the money market. In fact, overdrafts often lead to banks.
Due to the shortage of credit funds, we have to increase currency issuance to realize overdraft. At this point, overdraft credit may destroy the original credit balance and cause credit expansion. In addition, overdraft credit may also lead to speculation. Because the borrower only needs to pay the overdraft principal and interest after overdraft, when the interest rate of funds in the money market is higher than the overdraft interest rate, it is possible for the borrower to reinvest the overdraft money and get more income. This has not only caused chaos in the financial market, but also brought greater difficulties for the central bank and the state to control the entire credit funds and financial market. Therefore, government agencies and central banks in many countries have taken various measures, such as defining overdraft scope, determining the maximum overdraft limit, and raising overdraft interest rates. , to strictly limit the overdraft behavior.
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