② Among the bills paid by cardholders for overseas credit card spending, the credit card handling fee is generally between 3% and 4%, among which international card organizations such as visa or MasterCard charge the card-issuing bank an international transaction handling fee ranging from 1% to 1.5% of each transaction. Although it is charged from the bank, this fee is actually borne by the credit card users. In addition, banks charge handling fees or exchange fees ranging from 1% to 2%.