Rail damage has always been a key problem in railway transportation. The main types of rail damage are rail crushing, side abrasion, wave abrasion and peeling, accounting for more than 80% of rail damage.

Rail damage refers to the fracture, crack and other damage that affects and limits the performance of rail during trial operation. Rail damage is a prominent problem on the railway, which seriously affects traffic safety. In China, railway injuries are classified according to their types, locations and causes. * * * It is divided into 9 categories and 32 kinds of injuries, which are numbered with two digits, with ten digits indicating the position and state of the injury and single digits indicating the cause of the injury.