Excess reserve: 10000-800=9200.

Final money supply:1/8% *10000 =125000.

Excess deposit reserve is the part that financial institutions deposit in the central bank in excess of the statutory deposit reserve. It is mainly used to pay the reserve for liquidation, position allocation or use as assets.

Finance refers to the issuance, circulation and withdrawal of money, the issuance and recovery of loans, the deposit and withdrawal, the exchange of foreign exchange and other economic activities. The essence of finance is value circulation.

There are many kinds of financial products, including banks, securities, insurance, trusts and so on. Finance involves a wide range of academic fields.

Mainly including: accounting, finance, investment, banking, securities, insurance, trust and so on. Financial futures is a kind of futures trading.

Factors affecting the currency multiplier:

1, cash ratio (k)

The cash ratio refers to the ratio of cash in circulation to demand deposits in commercial banks. The cash ratio is positively related to the demand for money. The cash ratio is negatively correlated with the currency multiplier, and the higher the cash ratio is.

It shows that the more cash exits the expansion process of deposit currency and flows into daily circulation, which directly reduces the loanable funds of banks and restricts the ability of deposit derivation, and the smaller the currency multiplier.

2. Excess reserve ratio

The ratio of the reserves held by commercial banks that exceed the statutory reserves to the total deposits is called the excess reserve ratio. Obviously, the existence of excess reserves correspondingly reduces the ability of banks to create derivative deposits.

Therefore, the relationship between the excess reserve ratio and the money multiplier also changes in the opposite direction. The higher the excess reserve ratio, the smaller the currency multiplier. Conversely, the greater the currency multiplier.

3. The ratio of time deposit to current deposit.

The statutory reserve ratio for time deposits and demand deposits is directly determined by the central bank. The higher the general statutory reserve ratio, the smaller the currency multiplier; Conversely, the greater the currency multiplier.

The real effect of the deposit reserve ratio policy is that it can expand the credit of commercial banks and adjust the money multiplier. There is a multiplier relationship between the credit expansion ability of commercial banks and the amount of base money put in by the central bank, and the multiplier is inversely proportional to the deposit reserve ratio.

Therefore, if the central bank adopts a tightening policy, it can increase the statutory deposit reserve ratio, thus the deposit reserve limits the credit expansion ability of commercial banks, reduces the money multiplier, and finally shrinks the amount of money and credit, and vice versa. ?

Characteristics of various market structures:

The characteristics of perfect competition:

1, there are many buyers and sellers, and there is no need to fix their relationship.

2. The trading volume of a single buyer and seller is very small relative to the total trading volume of the market.

3. The products or services traded in the market are exactly the same, and there is no difference.

4. There are no uncertainties and trade secrets.

5. There are no barriers to entry and exit.

Characteristics of monopolistic competition:

The number of enterprises is several or many, the entry is unrestricted, the products are different, and the enterprises have certain control over the price.

Characteristics of oligopoly:

The number of enterprises is small, the entry is limited, the product attributes are different, and the demand curve is inclined downward, which is relatively inelastic.

The characteristics of complete monopoly:

There is only one number, the entrance is restricted or completely blocked, the product is unique, and the enterprise has strong control over the price.