Coal accounts for a large proportion in China's energy structure, and energy consumption is excessively dependent on coal resources. In 20 12, China's coal consumption accounted for 50.2% of the world's coal consumption, ranking first in the world. Coal accounts for 66.6% of China's primary energy consumption, while other relatively clean energy consumption accounts for 33.4%. This is just the opposite of the world average. In the world's primary energy consumption, coal accounts for 29.9%, and other relatively clean energy consumption accounts for 70. 1% (Figure 2-25).
Figure 2-25 Comparison of primary energy consumption structure between China and the world in 2012.
China's energy structure is constantly improving, the proportion of coal and oil is declining, and the proportion of clean energy such as natural gas is rising. It is estimated that in 20 13 years, the proportion of coal will decrease by 0.5 percentage points, that of oil will decrease by 2.5 percentage points, that of natural gas will increase by 1.2 percentage points, and that of other primary energy will increase by 1.8 percentage points. In China's primary energy consumption structure, the proportion of coal decreased by 4.5 percentage points, oil decreased by 0.5 percentage points, natural gas increased by 2.8 percentage points and other primary energy increased by 2.2 percentage points compared with 2006 (Figure 2-26). According to the data of National Energy Administration, in 20 13 years, the installed capacity of non-fossil energy accounted for 30.6% of the total installed capacity of electricity, and China's energy structure was further optimized. Wind power generation134.9 billion kwh, up by 34%, and nuclear power generation 1 107 1 billion kwh. Wind power surpassed nuclear power for the first time. At the same time, in 20 13, 4.47 million kilowatts of small thermal power units were shut down nationwide, and backward coal mines 1874 were eliminated, with a production capacity of about 200 million tons.
Figure 2-26 Changes of primary energy production and consumption structure in China.
With the enhancement of environmental awareness in China, the state has made great efforts to control the environment, prevent and control air pollution, reduce coal consumption, accelerate the development of clean energy and renewable energy, and further optimize the energy structure. In 20 13, the Action Plan for Air Pollution Prevention issued by the State Council proposed that the proportion of coal consumption would be reduced to below 65% by 20 17. In terms of optimizing energy distribution, the state will promote the construction of coal-fired TV University bases and large channels. Focus on the construction of 14 large coal base, 9 large coal-fired power bases and 12 "West-to-East Power Transmission Channel".
Coal supply and demand continue to show a general loose trend. Both coal production and demand have increased slightly, the inventory is still at a high level, and the economic benefits of the industry have fallen sharply. The supply capacity grew steadily, and the coal output was 3.68 billion tons, up 0.8%, down 3.0 percentage points from the previous year, ranking first in the world for many years (Figure 2-27). The demand is stable, and the estimated consumption is 3.66 billion tons, up by 3.7%, and the growth rate is accelerated 1.2 percentage points year-on-year. Inventory is still high. By the end of February, coal enterprises had 84 million tons of coal in stock, an increase of 700,000 tons. Key power generation enterprises stored 8 1.59 million tons of coal, up by 0.6%, and the average available days were 19 days. The profits of enterprises declined, and the profits of coal mining and washing industry reached 236.99 billion yuan, down by 33.7%.
Figure 2-27 Changes of Raw Coal Output
Column 7 Review and Prospect of Coal Industry Policy
20 13 coal industry policy review: first, the revision of People's Republic of China (PRC) Coal Law and Measures for the Supervision of Coal Operation. Further clarify the relationship between the government and the market and reposition the government and the market; The second is the development of coal futures market. On March 22nd, the coking coal futures contract was listed and traded in Dalian Commodity Exchange, and on September 26th, the thermal coal futures contract was officially listed and traded in Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange. The successive listing of coking coal and thermal coal futures means that the spot market of coal has begun to develop in harmony with the futures market, and the degree of coal marketization has been further improved; In addition, in August, the General Administration of Customs issued an announcement to cancel the provisional zero-tax rate for lignite imports and resume the implementation of the 3% MFN rate from August 30, 20 13; In September, the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Plan issued by the State Council proposed that in the next few years, coal consumption in some areas will gradually decrease, while the clean utilization of coal will gradually increase; It is forbidden to import inferior coal with high ash content and high sulfur content, and coal quality management measures have been studied and introduced.
20 14 Coal-related Policy Outlook: With the remarkable progress of 20 13 coal marketization, the relevant policies of 20 14 coal industry are expected to be further improved. The reform of coal resource tax collection method is expected to start. National standards for the quality of commercial coal will be promulgated.
The growth rate of oil production has slowed down. It produced 209 million tons of crude oil, with an increase of 65,438 0.8% (Figure 2-28), and the growth rate slowed down by 0.5 percentage points over the previous year. It is estimated that the consumption of crude oil is 483 million tons, up by 3.4%, and the growth rate is 2.6 percentage points slower than that of the previous year. The processing volume of crude oil was 479 million tons, up 3.3% over the previous year, and the growth rate slowed down by 0.4 percentage points.
Figure 2-28 Comparison of Oil Production and Consumption in the Same Period
Natural gas production continued to grow rapidly. Natural gas output117.05 billion cubic meters, up by 9.4%, and the growth rate was 5.0 percentage points higher than that of the previous year. It is estimated that the natural gas consumption will be165.32 billion cubic meters, increasing by 13.0%, and the growth rate will be 2.8 percentage points faster than that of the previous year.
The power generation was 5.4 trillion kWh, up by 7.5%, and the growth rate was accelerated by 2.7 percentage points. Among them, thermal power increased by 7.0%, and the growth rate accelerated by 6.4 percentage points; Hydropower increased by 5.6%, and the growth rate decreased by 17.6 percentage points. Electricity consumption was 5.3 trillion kWh, an increase of 7.5%, and the growth rate was accelerated by 2.0 percentage points.