In this paper, the general concept of natural economic system is given, and some of its characteristics and the difficulties of analytical tools are emphatically discussed. The relationship between market economy system, planned economy system and natural economy system is analyzed. This paper summarizes four basic natural economic system forms of contemporary natural economic system, and analyzes their relations. This paper analyzes the accurate positioning of economic and social phenomena in the natural economic system, such as the reform of the United Nations, the European Union system, the free trade within the framework of WTO, the free exchange rate, the free exchange of currencies in various countries, the protection of intellectual property rights, and the international expectation of RMB appreciation. Perhaps it has epoch-making guiding significance for the practice of economic development in various countries; Perhaps a new economic framework system has been established; Perhaps the top natural economic system is changing from a spontaneous and enlightened stage to an inevitable stage, which is a natural behavior of human beings.
Key words:
Natural economic system, dynamic equilibrium law, explicit and implicit apparent law, interface thinking analysis tool, gradient analysis tool, added value analysis tool.
Text:
If we think that family (residents) is the cell of economic system analysis, enterprise is the organization of economic system analysis, government (country) is the organ of economic system analysis, and global village is the whole of economic system analysis, then the current economic system analysis is mostly concentrated on the level of organization and organ.
The natural economic system is such a limited but infinite human system; He aims at harmonious coexistence between man and nature (there was a simple idea of harmony between man and nature in ancient China) and sustainable economic development to meet the growing material and spiritual needs of mankind; It is characterized by adapting to the laws of supply and demand, consumption, value, dynamic equilibrium, coordination between fairness and efficiency, coordination between productivity and production relations, explicit and implicit apparent laws and moral standards. Through a series of analysis tools, such as philosophical analysis tools, system control analysis tools, interface thinking analysis tools (four-dimensional analysis tools, also known as space-time analysis tools), management analysis tools, mathematical model building analysis tools, quantitative analysis tools, cycle analysis tools, marginal analysis tools, gradient analysis tools, limit analysis tools, financial accounting analysis tools, added value analysis tools and so on. According to various transmission mechanisms in the system, it is a dynamic system that keeps moving towards the goal in the process of optimizing allocation and making full use of resources.
Generally speaking, these laws in the characteristics of natural economic system are the true reflections of different aspects of this bounded but infinite anthropomorphic system, just like the feeling that a blind person touches various parts of an elephant in an idiom. Only by understanding the whole elephant can we better see the emotional essence of different blind people. The same is true of these laws within the system. These laws generally exist, but under certain conditions, some laws are explicit and some laws are implicit. It is these laws that play a role in the explicit and implicit dynamic balance. Seeing only one or several laws to analyze phenomena and guide practice may cause great trouble: for example, the recent unilateral wealth bubble (or contraction) in some stock markets, the wealth bubble with huge fluctuations in oil futures and the wealth bubble with inflated real estate prices, although human beings may. Let's briefly discuss the dynamic equilibrium law, the coordination law of fairness and efficiency, and the explicit and implicit apparent law. Other laws have been described in detail in the corresponding literature.
For a system, generally speaking, balance is the requirement of system stability, innovation is the driving force of system development and the inevitable requirement of system spiral development. Just as the duality of light exists at the same time, balance and innovation are the duality problems in the natural economic system and the core content of the law of dynamic balance.
The law of coordination between fairness and efficiency mainly refers to the law of distribution field, which refers to the law of * * * win among the distribution subjects in the natural economic system: families (residents), enterprises, countries and global villages. The probability of winning * * * has a certain reasonable range, which reflects the dynamic balance between fairness and efficiency. China's win-win and win-win strategy in international exchanges, bilateral and multilateral trade negotiations and international dispute settlement negotiations is showing great vitality. No wonder some American media commented: "Win-win-a new weapon of China's peaceful diplomacy". In fact, the win-win strategy of China's peaceful diplomacy is to meet the requirements of the natural economic system and is a consistent principled position.
Explicit and implicit apparent laws: With the development and progress of human economy and society, there may be new laws hidden from human discovery. If there is, under certain conditions, this law will inevitably show dominance and be recognized and mastered by human beings; The law recognized by human beings is not dominant under any circumstances, but recessive in this case, which has reached a negligible level in terms of systematic influence, similar to the dominant and recessive genetic laws in genetics.
Among the analysis tools of natural economic system, the interface thinking analysis tool, gradient analysis tool and added value analysis tool are mainly introduced (please refer to the corresponding literature for other analysis tools).
Interface thinking analysis tool (four-dimensional analysis tool, also known as space-time analysis tool): Cross-system interfaces may adapt to different laws of the system due to different purposes of the system and different space-time dimensions of conditions. There are many realistic interfaces, such as human life-and-death interface, water-air interface, time-span interface, large-scale space (universe) and small-scale space (quantum level) interface (if there are such interfaces, the ongoing grand unified theoretical exploration: the scientific exploration that tries to unify Einstein's general relativity with quantum theory may become a beautiful fantasy of human beings; Or, Einstein's general relativity and quantum theory are dual problems in nature), enterprise interface, enterprise government interface, customs interface for people and goods, financial customs interface for different currencies in the financial field, land, sea, air and space boundary interface for mobile machines such as airplanes and ships, and biosphere interface for human survival. For the goal of the system, we should not only recognize the existence of the interface, but also know how to manage the interface better. The influence of the same factor on the country may vary greatly in different periods and countries, so it is inevitable for countries to adopt a development model suitable for their own national conditions. Mathematical Riemann incision may be a good mathematical description of interface ① (see Tianjin Ancient Books Publishing House ISBN 7-80696-0 15-5, A Brief History of Interpretation Time by Wang Dekui).
Gradient analysis tool means that there is a great span between system reality and system goal after the direction and goal of the system are determined. Within the bearing capacity of the system, in order to make the system steadily move towards the goal, it is necessary to set a sequence of sub-goals within this span, and the difference between adjacent sub-goals is a gradient. Gradient is an index used to describe the speed of moving towards the system goal. The applicability of gradient is based on the stability of the system and the continuous progress towards the goal. The fact of China's reform and opening up and economic and social development for more than 20 years fully shows that the decision-makers in China have a moderate grasp of the gradient of China's reform and opening up, and they still need to constantly adjust the gradient in their progress, and the future will tell everything! At present, China government's financial system reform believes that China government has the ability to find a reasonable financial reform gradient. Recently, the Federal Reserve has slightly adjusted the short-term interest rate several times in a row (the interest rate has been raised by 0.25%), in order to grasp an appropriate interest rate adjustment gradient. At present, China government adopts a managed floating exchange rate system in the reform of RMB exchange rate system, which is also a gradient issue in the reform of exchange rate system in China's financial system. The institutional reform carried out by China government: the exploration of county and township system reform is also a gradient problem, and it is also a gradient problem of the coordination law of productivity and production relations; The reform of China's medical system, education system, railway system, postal system and electric power system is progressing steadily, and there are also problems of reform gradient, provided that the direction and objectives are clear; ……。
Value-added analysis tool: Value-added refers to the added value in the system. It is widely used in the accounting of national economic accounts; For the enterprise level, the added value of an enterprise is equal to the value of products (services) sold by the enterprise minus the value of products (services) purchased from other enterprises and used to sell products, or the added value of an enterprise is equal to the government pricing or government guidance price. (② See the article Enterprise Identity Analysis for details)
If the goal of the complete market economic system advocated by some contemporary countries is the same as that of the natural economic system, then it may be that the complete market economic system is a homogeneous topological form of the natural economic system in contemporary times, that is, it is considered that the complete market economic system and the natural economic system are equivalent in contemporary times, but the understanding of the interface of the contemporary complete market economic system is a bit confusing, and the complete market economic system is only a market economic system managed by the government in contemporary practice; Fully planned economic system is also a topological expression of natural economic system. In contemporary practice, it sometimes deviates from the direction of the natural economic system and is temporarily considered infeasible. Perhaps the market economy system and the planned economy system are dual problems in which the natural economy system works at the same time. Sometimes one system dominates and the other system is invisible. Sometimes both systems are dominant, but the degree of dominance is different, which needs to be verified in future practice. However, the market economic system managed by the government may be a prominent manifestation of the duality of the natural economic system.
According to the present situation of human economy and society, generally speaking, there are four kinds of relatively independent natural economic systems: family-level natural economic system, enterprise-level natural economic system, government-level natural economic system and village-level natural economic system. Of course, in reality, there is also a natural economic system that transitions to the government (country) level and divides administrative regions or domestic regional economic development. Essentially, they are managed by the natural economic system at the government (national) level, so this paper will not discuss them. Contemporary United Nations, European Union system, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, WTO free trade system, and China-ASEAN free trade area being established provide a spontaneous and realistic gradient analysis platform for the transition from the global village level to the natural economic system. This article does not discuss.
The natural economic system at the family level is simple and indispensable. Family is the cell of society, which emphasizes the importance of family level. It is separated from the natural economic system at enterprise level, government (country) level and global village level. The system is complete and easy to understand, so we won't discuss it for the time being. The natural economic system at the enterprise level has been relatively perfect; The natural economic system at the government (country) level is in the process of continuous improvement, which is one of the core research objects of contemporary economics and occupies a core position in the framework system of western economics. The effective management system of global village-level natural economic system is still in the spontaneous and enlightenment stage. With the continuous progress of human economy and society, the effective management and operation of the village-level natural economic system will be the natural choice of human beings.
We know that it is natural that different levels of natural economic systems have different goals, different boundaries and different temporal and spatial characteristics, and it is also natural that systems at all levels are managed in different ways. Generally speaking, in the process of family → enterprise → government → global village, from low-level simplicity to high-level complexity, the low-level behavior pattern obeys and serves the high-level behavior pattern (but don't cross the time-space interface: historical reality conditions), and the high-level behavior pattern has a great guiding effect on the low-level behavior pattern, which is determined by the overall goal of the natural economic system. The following focuses on the objectives and boundaries of the natural economic system at all levels.
The natural economic system at the family level has the following goals: first, to honor the elderly; Second, educate children (through example, social baptism, formal system education, etc.). ); Third, the survival and development of individuals. The basic needs at the family level are clothing, food, shelter and transportation. After bidding farewell to the shortage economy, China basically solved the problem of food and clothing. Contemporary China government has successfully stimulated domestic demand in the fields of housing and transportation (real estate and automobile industry). Although there is a bubble in the real estate industry at present, I believe that the China government will control the real estate bubble. The realistic interface at the family level is the interface between family residence and family financial account. Family members can freely choose descendants, goods or money through the interface, and scientific and cultural knowledge, literature and art, air and water can freely pass through the interface.
The goal of enterprise-level natural economic system is to improve economic benefits (profit goals) and assume social responsibilities (improve social benefits), which is the duality of enterprise-level natural economic system goals. Some enterprises focus on profit objectives and give consideration to social benefits. At present, most enterprises are like this. Some enterprises focus on social benefits such as civil service system, public security system, military system and education system. A few enterprises fluctuate around the equality of the two goals. The realistic interface of enterprise level is the geographical interface of enterprise and the financial account interface of enterprise. People, goods and money can freely pass through the interface in both directions, and scientific and cultural knowledge, literature and art, air and water can freely pass through the interface.
The natural economic system at the government (country) level aims at: one is the territorial sovereignty integrity of the country, and the other is the sustainable development of the economy to meet the growing material and cultural needs of residents. National interface, with the land, sea and air borders as the interface, is the financial interface for currency entry and exit. In reality, the trade of people and goods is managed through the customs interface, and financial import and export should be managed through the "financial customs". China Administration of Foreign Exchange is responsible for the financial customs in China. In today's financial reform in China, it may be a natural gradient for China government to establish an effective financial customs system in the field of financial reform to meet domestic and international needs and move towards a natural economic system at the global village level; Scientific and cultural knowledge, literature, art, air, water, etc. Free access interface. Contemporary issues such as restricting the circulation of science and technology and protecting intellectual property rights have aroused widespread concern in various countries. How to manage these problems remains to be unified.
The natural economic system at the level of global village aims to realize the harmonious coexistence between man and nature and the sustainable development of economy, so as to meet the growing material and spiritual needs of mankind. Its interface should be a biosphere field near the earth's surface that has a strong connection with human beings.
In the natural economic system at the level of the global village, when the moral level reaches a fairly high level and the material wealth and spiritual wealth available to mankind are divided by human desires and tend to infinity, it may be the ideal scene expressed by the prophets (such as Plato's ideal country ruled by philosophy, Saint-Simon's utopian socialism, Marx's scientific socialism, etc.). ) in their respective languages, words and actions! Regardless of the space-time dimension, it is ridiculous to dream of achieving the ideal goal when the conditions are not available. However, ridiculous things always happen in reality, and the interaction between countries is no exception. It is a natural choice to choose the right gradient and keep moving towards the ideal goal.
In the existing field of economic analysis, there are countless microeconomic analysis and macroeconomic analysis. Microeconomic analysis and research mostly focus on the natural economic system at the family and enterprise level, while macroeconomic analysis and research mostly focus on the natural economic system at the government (country) level. The following focuses on the analysis of the natural economic system at the global village level.
As we all know, matter and energy are conserved in the universe, but for a bounded but infinite system, observers in the interface may find that matter and energy are not conserved near the interface of the system. At present, at the level of the global village, the materials and energy that are constantly transmitted to the system through the interface of the natural economic system are called: the comprehensive gravity of other celestial bodies and planets, space meteorites, solar radiation, other microwave radiation, human exploration of outer space, etc. At present, it is generally believed that solar energy and human exploration of outer space can be effectively utilized by human beings. Nowadays, emerging industries such as solar cells, solar power generation, solar water heaters, solar houses, and human exploration of outer space are constantly developing and growing, which is a great contribution of the natural economic system at the global village level to mankind; Using sunlight, inorganic substances such as minerals such as carbon dioxide and water can generate organic matter (food, fiber) and oxygen through photosynthesis. This photosynthetic mechanism of plants has attracted more and more attention of human beings. It may be a pity that China did not pay enough attention to 2 1 century. 200 1, 1, "Ten scientific and technological trends that will have a great impact on mankind in the new century" predicted by the joint team of China Academy of Sciences and Xinhua News Agency, did not mention the mechanism of plant photosynthesis. This important research direction, perhaps the solution of this mechanism, is a relatively distant thing. In the field of earth science, the ten scientific and technological trends are only abstractly put forward: "The most active substances in global change-carbon and water (without oxygen in the original text) are closely connected with the biosphere, which is the material basis of human existence, and are integrated at a higher level around the three themes of global carbon cycle, global water resources and water cycle (without global oxygen cycle in the original text), food and fiber. At present, the integration of carbon cycle, water cycle, oxygen cycle, food and fiber is known. Perhaps the photosynthesis of plants and the survival and development of human beings are the most direct and realistic. Once human beings have successfully cracked the photosynthesis mechanism of plants and successfully industrialized them, the lifestyle of human beings will be unimaginable, and the emission of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) will not be a problem.
The internal factors affecting the natural economic system at the global village level mainly refer to human factors, while the external shocks mainly refer to natural factors. Natural factors: favorable weather, flood, drought, typhoon, hail, tsunami, earthquake, volcanic eruption, space meteorite impact, epidemic outbreak, operation cycle of various celestial bodies, solar radiation, etc. Human factors: space exploration, war, excessive carbon dioxide emissions, excessive trade protection measures, excessive high-tech restrictions, excessive capital speculation (irrational fluctuations in oil prices, irrational fluctuations in the stock market, excessive investment in a certain industry, etc.). ), unreasonable economic order, environmental pollution, mental pollution, etc. At present, the only natural factors are reasonable prediction, effective utilization or taking disaster reduction measures; In terms of human factors, most of them are guided by the government or the corresponding measures taken by the government to promote the continuous progress towards the system goals.