Relying on financial technology and data applications, the online rate of financial products and services of commercial banks has continued to increase. According to the 2022 annual report of China Merchants Bank, the online rates of basic customer service, financing business and foreign exchange business reached 95.65%, 82. 14% and 65.49% respectively.
Online products and services gradually cover customer accounts, payment and settlement, cash management and financing, involving trade finance, supply chain finance, cross-border finance, inclusive finance, electronic letter of guarantee, etc. Some corporate customers of commercial banks only need to go to the counter once, and more than 90% of the subsequent business can be handled by online self-help and online one-stop.
1, account opening and account management
Online account opening appointment. Major commercial banks support corporate customers to make online account opening appointments through online banking, mobile banking and open platforms, including booking account opening outlets, online enterprise information reporting, remote audit to confirm account opening intentions, and online real-time inquiry of account opening progress. Customers can complete account delivery and online banking and other related products signing only once.
In addition, large commercial banks also support online appointment for witness account opening in different places. ICBC customers can enter the reservation page by entering the invitation code; And realize two account opening reservation applications for the bank where the financing enterprise is located and the bank where the core enterprise is located.
Account management. Including support for enterprise and institutional customers, such as account inquiry, account notification and report, electronic receipt and electronic reconciliation through online banking and direct bank-enterprise connection; Annuity customers can query and manage annuity accounts online; For group customers and central institution customers, centralized account management, financing control, account risk control and so on. Support for branches/subsidiaries and lower-level budget units can be realized through direct linkage between banks and enterprises.
2. Cash management and payment settlement
Commercial banks provide online cash management, payment and settlement related business operations and management for enterprises, institutions and group customers through online banking, direct connection between banks and enterprises and open product interfaces.
Mainly includes:
(1) Meet the management of online tax payment, salary distribution and official/official card payment for corporate and institutional customers; Online whole-process operation management of electronic bills, cash liquidity management of enterprises and payment risk management; And online real-time check of check settlement enterprises based on check terminal.
(2) Meet the online charging items and detailed management of charging enterprises and government agencies.
(3) Meet the needs of group customers to realize internal fund management and payment control of subordinate units or subsidiaries through online banking or direct bank-enterprise linkage.
3. Trade financing and supply chain financing
The online trade financing of commercial banks is embodied in the online and automation of the process with the letter of credit business as the main content. Take China Merchants Bank as an example. Since 2020, the bank has completely reconstructed the domestic letter of credit business process, and successively introduced PBOC functions such as opening letters of credit and online negotiation.
The function of "lightning negotiation" was further introduced to realize online automatic negotiation financing, and the time limit for business processing was shortened from 2 days to 15 minutes. Relying on the intelligent data risk control capability, the system automatically approves loans for qualified negotiation applications without manual intervention.
Supply chain finance is an important part of trade finance. Commercial banks meet the needs of online processing and business inquiry of the whole financing process provided by upstream and downstream enterprises in the supply chain, and build an online supply chain financial system by integrating upstream and downstream information of the supply chain and deeply mining data, such as Ping An Bank.
Providing core enterprises and upstream and downstream financing enterprises with relevant information services such as capital flow, logistics, business flow, financing and commodity sales; Considering the long industrial chain and the difficulty in financing terminal suppliers, commercial banks provide digital credit services for suppliers in the industrial chain.
From the perspective of digital operation and digital risk control, supply chain financing products can be divided into "vertical chain" financing products, "transaction chain" financing products and "data chain" financing products, and there are specific trading modes corresponding to them.
4. Cross-border finance
Online cross-border finance is to build an online cross-border product and service system and enhance the digital service capability of cross-border finance. According to the respondents, the online content of cross-border finance is mainly reflected in the cross-border comprehensive financial services of online banking, online cash management of large cross-border enterprises and group customers, platform-based trade services and information support of import and export trade enterprises.
5. Network financing
Online financing relies on online banking, mobile banking and other online channels to provide corporate customers with full-process services such as online financing application, contract signing, withdrawal, repayment, loan progress tracking, information inquiry, etc., including meeting the needs of group customers to inquire about the loan situation of subordinate branches in real time. From the perspective of risk control and digital operation, different types of customers are distinguished, and different online financing products and financing modes are determined according to different risk control methods.
6. Managing public finances
Through online banking, mobile banking, bank-enterprise interconnection and other channels, major commercial banks provide online corporate wealth management, treasury bonds, funds, physical precious metals, foreign exchange, futures, options, third-party depository and other wealth management products purchase, wealth management product information inquiry, wealth management transaction details inquiry, wealth management holding share inquiry, wealth management redemption and other operations for corporate customers.
7. Bill business
Commercial bank bill business is mainly reflected in:
(1) realize customer bill information management, custody and bill pool service by relying on online banking, mobile banking and bank-enterprise interconnection channels;
(2) Provide comprehensive billing services in a platform and open way, including docking exchange system to realize flexible billing operation for customers;
(3) According to the characteristics of specific industries and supply chains, provide online and convenient bill discounting business operations to meet the needs of multi-level suppliers.
1. Microfinance: In addition to providing online financing products, commercial banks also provide other online services for small and micro enterprises, mainly including the following aspects:
(1) Form an online channel service system. Including "personal mobile banking exclusive edition+WeChat applet+enterprise mobile banking area/enterprise mobile banking special edition" and "all in one", in which using WeChat applet to provide lightweight and convenient services and better reach small and micro customers is a common practice of major commercial banks.
(2) SME transaction matching platform services. As early as 2020, ICBC launched the "Global Matchmaking Club" cross-border matchmaking platform. At the end of 20021,the bank further upgraded the cross-border docking platform of "global matchmaking meeting" to version 2.0, providing five functional sections, namely docking activities, global business opportunities, special zones, financial services and information.
Customers are small and micro enterprises at home and abroad. The platform provides enterprises with intelligent full-process services of "communication+service+transaction+operation" and builds a global "friend circle" with information sharing and mutual benefit. The platform supports cross-border docking activities in the whole process of online and offline, covering enterprise recruitment, supply and demand docking, business negotiation and other links. At the same time, domestic and foreign enterprises can publish, search and screen target products and cooperation projects online, and enjoy supporting financial services such as policy consultation, cross-border transactions, settlement and financing provided by ICBC.
(3) Credit guarantee service for small and micro enterprises. Starting from the particularity of small and micro customers, some commercial banks innovate their services and improve the convenience of operation and transaction. Among them, ICBC launched the "micro-e-tube" service in the special edition of mobile banking micro-Pratt & Whitney, mainly providing special transaction fund deposit and remittance services for small and micro enterprises to solve the credit problems of small and micro enterprises in the transaction process.
2. Rural finance
At present, some commercial banks gradually promote digital rural financial services through online channels and digital platforms.
(1) Build an online channel for rural financial services. At present, commercial banks, city commercial banks, rural commercial banks, etc. have all launched mobile apps that serve agriculture, rural areas and farmers, such as Xingnongtong of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Yunongtong of China Construction Bank and Huhutong of Guangdong Rural Credit Cooperative. , including people's livelihood, agency, inclusive financing, village affairs and other services to benefit farmers.
(2) Xingnong matchmaking platform service. Under the guidance of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Industrial and Commercial Bank has set up a service platform of "promoting agricultural docking", providing services such as product display, supply and demand docking, negotiation, investment attraction, policy interpretation and financing support. Facing the national modern agricultural industrial park, advantageous industrial clusters, strong agricultural towns and related market entities, it has become the online support for the "promoting agricultural docking" activity of the agricultural industry integration development project.
3. Green finance
Summarizing the practice of commercial banks, the online products and services of green finance are mainly reflected in:
(1) Provide financing products such as "photovoltaic loan" for photovoltaic equipment installation. Specifically, under the background of the national strategy of "peak carbon dioxide emission and carbon neutrality", commercial banks provide loan support for distributed photovoltaic construction projects, and provide "photovoltaic loan" products for farmers who install household distributed photovoltaic equipment from the perspective of revitalizing the countryside.
(2) Providing inclusive finance support for low-carbon transformation of SMEs. For example, in 2022, Ying Da International Holding Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Ying Da Group") of Minsheng Bank launched a "carbon e-loan" product, relying on Ying Da Group's "carbon account" system to solve the pain points of small and medium-sized enterprises in low-carbon transformation, such as difficulty in measurement, difficulty in evaluation, no income and no incentive, and provide inclusive finance support for the low-carbon transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises.
Interbank finance mainly serves small and medium-sized banks and non-bank financial institutions. At present, online content includes agent payment, platform capability export and inter-bank interconnection ecological construction.
(1) agent payment service. That is, relying on the developed settlement network, large and medium-sized commercial banks provide online agent exchange, online signing of bank drafts and other payment and settlement services for small and medium-sized banks in the same industry.
(2) Financial custody operation platform services. That is, it provides outsourcing services such as financial custody operation for various financial institutions, small and medium-sized banks and large and medium-sized banks, and launches service platforms such as "financial custody service cloud". The platform system is directly connected to the outsourcing and custody business systems of banks to obtain data in real time, and financial institutions or managers of small and medium-sized banks can log in through the Internet or special lines to realize comprehensive management of product life cycle.
(3) Fund management platform services of non-bank financial institutions. For example, China Merchants Bank has developed a fund core business system to meet the needs of financial companies and financial control groups under large enterprise groups to carry out various financial businesses.
The system includes customer management, account management, core accounting management, deposit business, credit business, factoring business, capital budget, payment and settlement, electronic bills, inter-bank business, foreign exchange business, investment and wealth management, financial leasing, risk management, direct connection between banks and enterprises, inquiry report, big data analysis and decision-making, and comprehensively covers the businesses of financial companies such as group finance companies, financial control groups or factoring, small loans and financial leasing.
(4) Financial risk cloud service. Financial interbank risk management includes personal customer credit scoring service, artificial intelligence anti-fraud service, market risk management service, risk-weighted asset management service, regulatory data submission and internal management analysis.
ICBC specially launched the "Financial Risk Service Cloud", which is based on its internal risk management system, combined with the enterprise-level big data achievements of the whole bank, and provides financial institution customers with credit, market, operation, capital, measurement, monitoring, control, reporting and other services with rich application scenarios through multi-technology modes such as cloud platform services and offline deployment.
(5) Inter-bank transaction matching service. For example, China Merchants Bank's "Zhaoyingtong" peer-to-peer Internet service platform provides financial institutions with online sales and trading services of various products and assets in the whole market, and creates a cooperative ecology among peer-to-peer financial institutions. By the end of 20021,there were 2,973 customers in the same industry on the "Zhaoyingtong" platform, and the online business volume in the reporting period was 15886.9 1 billion yuan, an increase of 43.45% over the end of last year.
1, bank letter of credit
One of the manifestations of the digitalization of bank correspondence business is that commercial banks connect with third-party electronic correspondence platforms and realize the electronization of traditional paper correspondence by using blockchain and other technologies. Among them, the third-party electronic correspondence platform is jointly built by China Banking Association and China Institute of Certified Public Accountants.
The platform directly connects with banks and accounting firms through the system, and realizes the online processing of the whole process of letter application, distribution, authorization and reply. The progress of the whole business process is visible and can be tracked in real time, which reduces the breakpoints of business process and realizes the closed-loop management of business process and the management of early warning mechanism.
2. Electronic guarantee
Electronic letter of guarantee is a non-financing guarantee business for bid bond scenarios. Commercial banks develop blockchain electronic guarantee platform and connect with trading centers, various enterprises, guarantee companies and other systems, that is, realize digitalization, automation and standardization of electronic guarantee services.
The electronic guarantee platform can support the online processing of the whole process of electronic guarantee. For example, enterprises can submit an application for opening an electronic letter of guarantee online, and choose offline delivery or online push to submit it to beneficiaries according to business needs, thus reducing the cumbersome process of on-site handling; Support beneficiaries to receive electronic letters of guarantee through the "electronic letter of guarantee platform" and provide multi-channel letter of guarantee verification services for beneficiaries.
Support the query of the progress and status of electronic guarantee, and provide visual electronic guarantee management services for enterprises, so that enterprises can effectively grasp the information of electronic guarantee and facilitate business management.