1, Shanghai.
One of the most critical goals of the Shanghai Free Trade Zone experiment is to become a transit port like Singapore. At present, although many futures transactions in China are in China, the delivery places of commodities are mostly in Singapore, especially the delivery places of commodities listed on China Futures Exchange are mostly in Singapore. The main reason is that the transit port is a logistics center with a large inflow and outflow, and the logistics center is a capital flow center. If funds can freely enter and exit for delivery transactions, free trade needs the support of free finance. However, China is not a city-state like Singapore, and there is no way to open it up because of the national financial risks. Therefore, foreign goods cannot or cannot be transshipped and delivered in Shanghai. Therefore, the focus of the Shanghai Free Trade Zone experiment is financial customs clearance.
In the shipping industry, the freight rate of big ships is much lower than that of small ships, and shippers want to use big ships; On the other hand, because the ship is too big, the destination of the goods on board is often not single. For example, when it comes to shipment, there are no buyers for some goods, and it is impossible to load 654.38 million tons below 200,000 tons, so the freight will go up. Then the shipowner must choose to transport the goods to Singapore for 300,000 tons, then transfer them to two different destination ports for 65,438+10,000 tons, and the rest will be traded in the Singapore trading market with free trade zone policy.
Since most of the goods passing through Malacca come from China, Japan and South Korea, and Shanghai Port is much closer to Japan and South Korea than Singapore, this not only means that transshipment in Shanghai is more economical, but also greatly reduces the transportation cost for domestic enterprises. Free trade zone policy is the premise of realization. The significance of Shanghai Free Trade Zone is not only logistics, but also a platform for goods trading. It also means pricing power and resource allocation power, and brings millions of high-quality jobs and huge business opportunities, especially for the current employment situation.
2. Zhoushan in Ningbo.
Although Shanghai has the most ideal geographical location, the radiation effect of Shanghai, the leader of the Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone, is also extremely obvious. It can even penetrate into central areas such as Changsha and Wuhan through the Yangtze River, with complete commercial facilities, which is very suitable for establishing a national shipping center. However, the port conditions of Shanghai Hekou Port are far from meeting the requirements of shipping center, so Shanghai leased Yangshan Island from Zhejiang and built an artificial deep-water port in the open sea. As the best port in the Yangtze River Delta, Ningbo Beilun Port, backed by Zhejiang's developed economy, still achieved the third port throughput in Chinese mainland and the top four in the world in 20 13. Yangshan Port and Ningbo Beilun Port are located at the mouth of Hangzhou Bay, less than 80 kilometers apart. In the future, how to coordinate the top-level design and how to make a big cake together will be the key to whether Shanghai Port can become an international shipping and financial center and how to win regional integration.
3. Fujian.
Fujian lies between Shanghai and Hong Kong. To some extent, it is synonymous with the rise and fall of the ancient Maritime Silk Road. The political and economic legacy left by the Maritime Silk Road to Fujian is real and huge. As an important hometown of overseas Chinese in China, overseas Chinese in Fujian, represented by Fuzhou and Quanzhou, spread all over the world. Take Quanzhou as an example. There are more than 7 million overseas Chinese in Quanzhou, Southeast Asia, and more than 40% of Taiwan Province compatriots are from Quanzhou. Based on the support of the national United front or the soft power of history and culture, it is inevitable to integrate Quanzhou's rich and scattered historical relics.
More importantly, Fujian has a super deep-water port. Fujian is located in the shipping artery, guarding the Taiwan Province Strait. Ships going north to Japan and South Korea all pass through here, and it is possible to get transit port opportunities at the national level in the future. The two basic conditions of transit ports are free trade zone policy and port conditions. With the trend of shipping industry becoming more and more obvious, the demand for super-good ports is becoming more and more urgent. The natural deep-water ports with the best conditions in the whole southeast coast are Meizhou Bay and Ningbo Beilun Port. Deep-water ports are the natural geographical advantages of Fujian, and there are also natural deep-water ports such as Sandu 'ao, Luoyuan Bay, Xinghua Bay and Meizhou Bay in Fujian. Among the comprehensive comparative advantages of several deep-water ports in Fujian, such as deep-water coastline, location and land behind the port, Meizhou Bay is the best choice. The north and south banks of Meizhou Bay belong to Quanzhou and Putian, the economic centers of Fujian, respectively. As early as 1990, Meizhou Bay Port Area was planned as a long-term international transit port by the Ministry of Communications.
As an international transit port, it needs many supporting systems, such as berth, storage and maintenance, and also needs to rely on the deep-water coastline to develop the port-facing industry to maximize the value of the port. Naturally, the more land it needs, the better. In order to develop Fujian into an international transit port, it is necessary to consider the integration of north and south ports, rationally develop ports with good comprehensive conditions such as Sandu 'ao, Luoyuan Bay and Meizhou Bay, enhance Fujian's position and competitiveness in the coastal economic belt with a number of ports with coordinated division of labor, and solve the problem of uneven development between the north and the south of Fujian Province.
4. Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao.
Pearl River Delta Economic Circle is one of the most developed areas in China and one of the three growth poles in China. Guangdong is the frontier of reform and opening up and the largest province in China, facing the historical task of industrial transformation and upgrading. In the transition stage, the 2 1 Century Maritime Silk Road strategy will greatly promote and upgrade the port coverage and industrial upgrading in the Pearl River Delta. At the same time, Guangdong is also a big province of overseas Chinese and has long-term cultural ties with countries and regions along the route. This advantage will promote the strategic integration of Guangdong and the 2 1 century Maritime Silk Road.
With the continuous improvement of the economic integration level of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, the flow of capital, technology, talents, information and other essential resources has accelerated. The functional system between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao is relatively organic internally and relatively complete and independent externally.
However, the cooperation between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao has also encountered the same regional competition and cooperation problems as Shanghai and Ningbo. Objectively speaking, the rapid development of Hong Kong is due to the change of political power in the Mainland 49 years later, which has made Hong Kong a haven for talents and capital, and the only transit port for import and export between the Mainland and the outside world 30 years after the blockade of the Mainland. With the full opening of China, the decline of Hong Kong's status is inevitable. Only when Hong Kong is integrated into Chinese mainland, especially the Pearl River Delta region, can it build an internationally competitive urban agglomeration and form a world-class new economic zone and maintain its current position. Although Hong Kong has lost its position as a world logistics center due to the full opening of China, its free port policy and perfect legal system experience are of irreplaceable value to both China and the Pearl River Delta. Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao should strengthen ties, win-win cooperation and accelerate integration. With the huge economic strength of Guangdong and the long-term international advantages of Hong Kong and Macao, it is not difficult to create a free and prosperous cooperation paradigm completely different from the Shanghai Free Trade Zone.