The second stage is the exploration stage of market-oriented reform (1985 ~ 199 1). It is mainly to cancel the system of unified distribution and purchase of agricultural products and adjust the rural industrial structure. 1985 document the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China 1 decided to cancel the system of unified distribution and purchase of agricultural products and promote the market-oriented reform of China's rural economy. However, shortly after its implementation, the actual economic environment has undergone adverse changes. The economy began to overheat, the development speed of industry and agriculture was unbalanced, and the production of bulk agricultural products such as grain, cotton and oil fluctuated greatly. In order to ensure the supply of agricultural products for urban residents, the reform scheme of agricultural products circulation system has been revised into a gradual reform mode according to varieties in practice, forming an unbalanced market system. 1In September, 1988, the Third Plenary Session of the 13th CPC Central Committee proposed to rectify the national economy and to restore the mandatory planned management of the production, circulation and regulation of agricultural products such as grain, cotton and oil to a certain extent. In view of the contradiction between small production and big market, we will gradually improve the household contract management system and establish a socialized service system in rural areas. Joint-stock cooperative system, professional technical association and other organizational systems began to develop. The adjustment and reform of rural industrial structure has been carried out in an all-round way, and township enterprises have sprung up as new economic growth points, and the process of rural urbanization has also begun.
The third stage is the overall transition to a market economy (1992 till now). Mainly to establish a new rural system to meet the requirements of the development of socialist market economy. Under the impetus of Deng Xiaoping 1992 South Talk and the goal of socialist market economic system reform set by the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the agricultural household contract responsibility system has been further consolidated and developed, a series of specific policies and measures have been introduced in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and the rural economy has been fully transformed into a market economy: the reform of agricultural product circulation system has been deepened, the unified grain marketing system has been abolished, the agricultural product market system has been gradually established, and the agricultural product futures market has also begun to start and develop. Focusing on adapting to the development of market economy, we will establish a macro-control system for agriculture, and gradually establish a reserve system, a risk fund and a system for purchasing surplus grain at protective prices. We will further stabilize and improve the two-tier management system based on household contract management and combining unification and separation, and agricultural industrialization management and joint-stock cooperative system will gradually rise and develop. Significant progress has been made in building democracy and legal system in rural areas. Since the rural reform, rural productive forces have been liberated and developed, which has brought about historic changes in rural economic and social development: agricultural products such as grain have increased substantially, basically solving the problem of eating for all; The sudden emergence of township enterprises has promoted the transformation of rural industrial structure and employment structure and the development of small towns, and created a rural modernization road with China characteristics; The living standards of farmers have improved significantly, and rural areas across the country have generally entered the stage of moving from food and clothing to a well-off society; Farmers' ideological concepts have undergone profound changes in line with the requirements of the times, and remarkable progress has been made in rural spiritual civilization and democracy and legal system construction. The achievements of rural reform have made great contributions to the reform, development and stability of the country. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's Decision on Some Important Issues in Agriculture and Rural Work made at the Third Plenary Session of the 15th CPC Central Committee put forward the goal of rural economic system reform for the first time: "basically establish a rural economic system based on family management, supported by agricultural socialized service system, agricultural product market system and state support and protection system for agriculture, which is suitable for the development of socialist market economy." 1in September, 1982, the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of China reaffirmed the reform direction of fixing production quotas to households. In June of the same year 165438+ 10, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a conference on rural ideological and political work and a meeting of agricultural secretaries, and formulated a document on "Several Issues Concerning Current Rural Economic Policy", which fully affirmed and highly praised the system of fixing the farm output quota to households, pointing out: "This is a great creation of China farmers under the leadership of the Party and a new development of Marxist agricultural cooperative theory in China practice. The universal realization of the contract responsibility system marked the disintegration of the people's commune system in practice. 198310 June 12, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council officially issued the "notice on setting up township governments independently according to actual administrative organizations". By the spring of 1985, this work was all over, marking the official end of the rural people's commune system. China's agriculture has completed the transition from "three-level ownership and team-based" people's commune system to. The progress of agricultural economic system reform has brought about the great development of agriculture, and the national grain inventory and farmers' grain storage have increased greatly; Cotton, oil, meat, fish, fruits and vegetables are in sufficient supply, and their prices have also dropped significantly. This has created a new contradiction: agricultural products are difficult to sell, and farmers increase production without increasing income. This means that China's agricultural development has entered a new stage. At the Central Working Conference in 2000, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council clearly pointed out that focusing on structural adjustment is the central task of agriculture and rural work in the whole new stage. The main directions of strategic structural adjustment of agriculture and rural economy are as follows: ① comprehensively improve the quality of agricultural products. ② Regulate the regional layout of agricultural production reasonably and give full play to regional comparative advantages. Returning farmland to forests, grasslands and lakes in a planned and step-by-step manner, improving the ecological environment and promoting sustainable development. ③ Expand the transformation and processing of agricultural products. ④ Actively implement the grand strategy of developing small towns. ⑤ Promote the industrialized management of agriculture.
From June 5, 2002 to 10, the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China fully affirmed a set of rural basic policies formed in the practice of rural reform since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, and demanded that the Party's basic policies in rural areas remain stable for a long time, and constantly improve the two-tier management system based on household contract management and combining unification with separation. Where conditions permit, the right to contracted management of land can be transferred in accordance with the principle of legality and voluntariness, and scale operation can be gradually developed.
From June 5, 2007 to 10, the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the requirements of deepening the reform of rural economic system: insisting on developing modern agriculture and prospering rural economy as the primary task, strengthening rural infrastructure construction, and improving rural market and agricultural service system. Strengthen the policy of supporting agriculture and benefiting farmers, strictly protect cultivated land, increase agricultural investment, promote agricultural science and technology progress, improve agricultural comprehensive production capacity, and ensure national food security. Strengthen the prevention and control of animal and plant diseases and improve the quality and safety of agricultural products. Focus on increasing farmers' income, develop township enterprises, expand county economy and transfer farmers' employment through multiple channels. Improve the level of poverty alleviation and development. Deepen the comprehensive rural reform, promote the reform and innovation of rural financial system, and reform the collective forest right system. Adhere to the basic management system in rural areas, stabilize and improve the land contract relationship, and improve the circulation market of land contractual management rights according to the principle of voluntary compensation according to law. Where conditions permit, various forms of moderate scale operation can be developed. Explore effective forms of collective economy, develop farmers' professional cooperative organizations, and support agricultural industrialization and the development of leading enterprises. Cultivate new farmers with culture, technology and management, and give play to the main role of hundreds of millions of farmers in the construction of new countryside.