Futures (such as soybeans, wheat, fuel oil, etc. , which can be traded in the form of futures contracts in China futures market), warrants (call and put warrants), convertible bonds, foreign exchange options (companies), safes (companies, including fxa and era), foreign exchange hedging swaps (companies), IRS (companies) and FRAS (companies). The basic concepts of \ x0d \ x0d \ are shown below. \ x0d \ x0d \ Financial asset derivatives are the products of financial innovation, that is, they help managers of financial institutions to better control risks by creating financial instruments, so we call them financial derivatives. At present, the main financial derivatives are: forward contracts, financial futures, options and swaps. \ x0d \ x0d \ derivatives refer to financial instruments or other contracts with the following characteristics involved in the accounting standards for business enterprises: \x0d\ ① Their values change with the changes of specific interest rates, financial instrument prices, commodity prices, exchange rates, price indices, rate indices, credit ratings, credit indices or other similar variables, and the variables are non-financial and have no specific relationship with any party to the contract. \x0d\ ② No initial net investment is required, or less initial net investment is required compared with other types of contracts that have similar reactions to changes in market conditions. \x0d\ ③ Settlement in the future. \x0d\\x0d\( 1) futures contract. Futures contract refers to the standardized contract made by the futures exchange to deliver a certain quantity and quality of physical or financial goods at a specific time and place in the future. \x0d\(2) Option contract. Option contract refers to the option contract that the buyer of the contract can get after paying a certain amount. At present, warrants in China's securities market belong to call options, while put warrants belong to put options. \x0d\(3) Forward contracts. Forward contract refers to a contract in which both parties agree that the buyer will buy a certain amount of subject matter from the seller at an agreed value on a certain date in the future. \x0d\(4) Swap contracts. A swap contract refers to a contract in which both parties exchange a series of cash flows in a certain period in the future. According to different contract items, swaps can be divided into interest rate swaps, currency swaps, commodity swaps and equity swaps. Among them, interest rate swap and currency swap are more common.