China chess has a long history. During the Warring States period, there have been official records about chess, such as "Songs of the South"? 6? There are six books in "Evocation". Go hand in hand with Cao, and force each other; "If you become a small owl, you should be more specific." . "Shuo Yuan" contains: Yong Men Zi Zhou Yiqin saw Meng Changjun and said, "The first step is the king of thousands of times, and ... Yan fights chess and dances Zheng Nv." Thus, as far back as the Warring States period, chess has become popular among the nobility. According to the above situation and the shape of chess, chess was born in the clan area in southern China around the Zhou Dynasty (11th century BC). In early Chinese chess, the chess system consisted of three instruments: chess, chopsticks and board. Two sides play chess, with six players on each side, namely: owl, Lu, pheasant, calf and stopper (two pieces). Chess pieces are carved from ivory. Bam, equivalent to dice, must be thrown before playing chess. A board is a square chessboard. During the competition, "throwing six sticks and playing six chess moves", fighting clever and wits, attacking and persecuting each other, and killing each other. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the military system consisted of five people, one commander and six people. At that time, as a football game for military training, there were also six people on each side. It can be seen that the early chess was a game symbolizing the fighting at that time. On the basis of this chess system, a chess game called "Sai" appeared later, which only played chess without throwing chopsticks, and got rid of the element of winning by luck in early chess. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Sai Opera was quite popular, and it was also called "Gewu" at that time. From the chessboard unearthed from the Western Han Tomb in Yunmeng, Hubei Province, and the painted wooden figurines unearthed from the Mo Zuizi Han Tomb in Wuwei, Gansu Province, the description of the shape of the Sai Opera in Bian Shao's Sai Fu in the Han Dynasty can be reflected. During the Three Kingdoms period, the shape of chess was constantly changing, and it had spread relations with India. To the Northern Zhou Dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Emperor Wudi (reigned from 561 to 578 AD) made the Elephant Classic, and Wang Bao wrote the Elephant Drama? 6? 1 preface ",Geng Xin wrote" Xiang Xi Jing Fu ",marking the completion of the second major reform of chess form. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, chess activities were carried out steadily, which was frequently recorded in historical books. The most important of them was the narration of Wu Zetian's dream of playing chess in the nine admonitions of Liang Gong in Shiliju Series, and a story about Censhun's dream of chess in the first year of Baoying (AD 762) in the Xuanguailu by Niu Senru. Combining the Suzhou brocade decorated with four patterns of "Qin, Qi, Calligraphy and Painting" in the early Northern Song Dynasty, and the bronze chess pieces with figures painted on the back unearthed in Kaifeng, Henan Province, we can draw the conclusion that the shape of chess in the Tang Dynasty is quite similar to that of early chess. The popularity of chess at that time can be seen from many records in poetry legends. The three volumes of the chess score "Xiang Bo Xiang Xi Ge" may be the works of the Tang Dynasty. The Song Dynasty was an era when chess was widely popular and its form changed greatly. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Sima Guang's Elephant Drama in Seven Countries, Yin Zhu's Elephant Drama Style and Chess Situation, and Chao Buzhi's Elephant Drama Map came out successively, and "Elephant Drama" was also popular among the people. After nearly a hundred years' practice, chess was shaped into a modern model at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty: 32 pieces, a chessboard with a river boundary, and so on. During the Southern Song Dynasty, chess became a very popular chess activity. Writers such as Li Qingzhao and Liu Kezhuang, politicians such as Hong Zun and Wen Tianxiang all like playing chess. In the "chess to be summoned" set by the court, chess players account for more than half. There are professionals called "chess masters" and craftsmen of autocratic chess and chessboard among the people. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Hong Mai's Chess Classics, Ye Maoqing's Chess Collection, and Chen Yuanliang's Shi Lin Guang Ji also appeared. During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, chess continued to be popular among the people, and its technical level was constantly improved, and a number of summative theoretical monographs appeared, among which the most important ones were Dream into the Mind, Eighteen Changes of Jin Peng, Secrets in the Orange, Comfortable and Elegant, Plum Blossom Music, Zhuxiangzhai Chess Music and so on. Yang Shen, Tang Yin, Lang Ying, Luo Qi, Yuan Mei and other scholars all like to play chess. The emergence of a large number of famous chess players shows that chess is loved by people from all walks of life. After the founding of New China, chess entered a new stage of development. In 1956, chess became a national sport. Since then, national competitions have been held almost every year. In 1962, chinese xiangqi association, a subordinate organization of the All-China Sports Federation, was established, and corresponding subordinate associations were established in various places. Over the past 4 years, due to the promotion of mass chess activities and competitions, the level of chess has improved rapidly, and excellent players have emerged, among which Yang Guanlin, Hu Ronghua, Liu Dahua, Zhao Guorong, Li Laiqun, Lv Qin and Xu Yinchuan are the most famous. 1. When playing a game, the player who holds the red chess will go first, and the two sides will take turns to take a move until a win, a loss and a draw are separated, and the game will be over. It's the turn of the chess player to move a piece from one intersection to another, or to eat the opponent's piece and occupy its intersection, which is considered as a move. Each side is walking, which is called a round. 2. How to move all kinds of chess pieces? 6? 1 Shuai (general): Shuai He will be the leader of chess and the goal that both sides strive for. It can only move in the "Nine Palaces", and it can go up and down, left and right, and it can only walk one square at a time according to the vertical line or horizontal line. Handsome and handsome can't face each other directly on the same straight line, otherwise the walk will be judged negative. ? 6? 1 Shi (Shi): Shi (Shi) is the bodyguard of Shuai (Jiang), and he can only walk in the Nine Palaces. Its chess path can only be a diagonal line in Jiugong. ? 6? 1 Xiang (Xiang): The main function of Xiang (Xiang) is to defend and protect his handsome (general). Its walking method is to walk two squares diagonally at a time, commonly known as "walking like a field". Xiang (elephant) can't cross the river if its range of activities is limited to the square within the "river boundary", and if there is a chess piece in the center of the word "field", it can't walk, commonly known as "elephant eye". ? 6? 1 car: the car is the most powerful in chess, and it can walk regardless of horizontal or vertical lines. As long as there is no obstacle, the number of steps is not limited. Therefore, one car can control seventeen points, so it is known as "one car with ten children cold". ? 6? 1 cannon: when the cannon is not eating, it walks exactly the same as the car. ? 6? Horse: The way for a horse to walk is always inclined, that is, first walk one square horizontally or straight, and then walk diagonally, commonly known as "the horse walks the sun". A horse can choose eight points around it at a time, so it is called "imposing on all sides". If there are other pieces in the direction where you want to go, the horse can't walk over, commonly known as "bouncing the horse's leg." ? 6? Soldiers (soldiers): Before crossing the river, soldiers (soldiers) can only move forward step by step. After crossing the river, they are allowed to move left and right, but only one step at a time. 3. Eating: When any chess piece moves, if there is an opponent's chess piece in the target position, you can take the opponent's chess piece out of the board and change it into your own chess piece (that is, "eating"). Only the way of eating the son of the cannon is different from other sons: there must be a chess piece between the cannon and the eaten son to jump and eat, commonly known as "building the cannon" or "shooting the son". Chess Board and Chess Pieces is a competitive event in which two sides play against each other. There are thirty-two chess pieces * * *, which are divided into two groups, red and black, with sixteen pieces each, and each side of the game holds one group. The arms are the same, divided into seven types: Red: Red has one handsome, two officers, two officers, two chariots, two horses and five soldiers. Black side: Black side has one general, two men, two elephants, two cars, two horses and five cannons. Among them, handsome and general; Officials and scholars; Phase and image; Soldiers and pawns have exactly the same function, just to distinguish red chess from black chess. The place where chess pieces move is called a chessboard. On the rectangular plane, there are nine parallel vertical lines and ten parallel horizontal lines intersecting, and there are ninety intersections, where the chess pieces are placed. The middle part, that is, the blank area between the fifth and sixth horizontal lines of the chessboard without vertical lines, is called "river boundary" The middle of the two ends, that is, the square between the fourth and sixth vertical lines at both ends, is called "Jiugong" (it happens to have nine intersections). The whole chessboard is divided into two equal parts by "river boundary". For the convenience of recording matches and learning chess, the current rules stipulate that each vertical line of the red side is represented by chinese numerals 1-9 from right to left according to nine vertical lines, and each vertical line of the black side is represented by Arabic numerals' 1' ~' 9'. Before the start of the game, the red and black sides should put the pieces in the specified position. Every step of any chess piece, write "advance", "retreat" and "flat" if you walk sideways like a car. When any chess piece moves, if there is an opponent's chess piece in the position where Party B's chess piece can reach, it can take the opponent's chess piece out of the chessboard (called eating) and replace it with its own chess piece. Only the "eating" way of the cannon is different from its walking way: it must be separated from the opponent's chess piece by a piece (whether it is its own or the opponent's), and only when this condition is met can it "eat" others. It must be noted that there is a chess piece in the middle, which is commonly known as the "gun rack". Handsome and will lose chess if they are eaten or unable to move. The commentary on the game is the best, and other books are also useful, but if you want to buy a lot of books, all the games are included. And it is interesting to watch, not boring. It is important to be interested in the group, and it is useless to read the book. In addition, beginners should not play with chess software, which is for challenge and entertainment. It is necessary to find someone in actual combat. It is better to be higher than yourself and not too exaggerated. The initial placement position of chessboard and chess pieces: horses and chariots, elephants, soldiers, like carriages, horses, cannons, guns, etc. Many overseas Chinese, Chinese and compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao regard chess as a bridge and link between overseas Chinese and the motherland, and regard chess activities as the inheritance and development of their own national culture by descendants of the Yellow Emperor. In recent decades, with the continuous development of trade and cultural exchanges, chess has also developed many fans in Britain, the United States, France, Canada, the Federal Republic of Germany and other countries. Chess is spreading from its birthplace through Asia to all corners of the world. From the perspective of Asia, chess is very popular not only in Hong Kong and Macao, but also among overseas Chinese and foreign Chinese in Thailand, Singapore, the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia and Japan. Chess competitions are held every year in those regions and countries, and a chess association or a chess association has been established respectively. In November 1978, the Asian Chess Federation came into being with the initiation and cooperation of overseas Chinese celebrities and chess professionals in some regions and countries in Southeast Asia. At present, the Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia, China, Brunei, West Malaya, Hong Kong and Macao are all members of the Asian Elephant Federation. Mr. Fok Ying Tung, a Hong Kong celebrity, is the current president. Since the establishment of the Asian Elephant Federation, chess activities in Asia have become more active, chess exchanges and competitions between Asian countries and regions have increased year by year, the level of players has generally improved, and many promising young players have emerged. Singapore, the Philippines and Thailand have also specially trained some female chess players, and the number of women playing chess has gradually increased. The "Asian Cup Chess Championship", which embodies the friendship and level of Asian players, has been held for five times. The Asian City Masters Invitational Tournament was founded in 1981 and has been held for three times. It is reported that the 4th Asian City Masters Tournament will be held in Macau. The "Asian Elephant Federation" has also held many friendly matches and mutual visits between member countries and regions. In recent years, chess has made gratifying progress among Europeans and Americans. The United States, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Canada and other countries have set up chess associations or chess clubs. It is worth noting that chess masters in some countries have also played China chess, and like some Chinese chess players in China, they have become "two-armed generals" who are good at both chess. In order to further promote the internationalization of chess, attract more Europeans and Americans to play chess, and promote the oriental chess to the whole world, so that people all over the world can share the traditional culture of the Chinese nation and have endless fun from it, the Asian Elephant Federation entrusted chinese xiangqi association to hold the "Seven-Star Cup" international invitational tournament, which is held once every two years and has been held twice. The 2nd "Seven Stars Cup" International Invitational Tournament has 2 players from 1 countries and regions including the Philippines, Thailand, the United States, Canada, the Federal Republic of Germany, West Berlin, France, China, Hongkong and Macau. It is reported that the chess organizations of various countries and regions participating in the "Seven-Star Cup" will organize an international chess federation through the next few competitions to further promote the internationalization of chess. In order to encourage and attract foreigners of non-Chinese ancestry to actively participate in chess activities and improve their chess skills, Mr. Fok Ying-tung of Hong Kong offered a huge prize of 5, US dollars, which was prepared to be awarded to foreigners of non-Chinese ancestry who won the championship in the international China chess competition in which Hu Ronghua participated in the "ten consecutive championships". In addition, "Asian Elephant Federation" has raised a fund of 3 million Hong Kong cities to promote chess, and plans to translate chess books with annual interest and hold training courses for coaches and referees, so as to help develop chess lovers among pure foreigners and push chess to the world. █ See you at the National Games. In the China Chess Competition of the 6th National Games in 1987, according to the regulations of the competition, there will be team competitions in two groups, men and women. Due to the large number of teams participating in the competition, it is divided into two stages: the preliminaries and the finals. The preliminaries were held in Fuzhou, Fujian Province in April, and the finals will be held in Panyu, Guangdong Province in late November. The competition adopts the system of dividing stations into individual teams, with 4 men in each team and 3 women in each team. There will be more than 18 male and female players participating in the competition, which will be the largest chess match in the history of the National Games in China. In the past, the 1st and 3rd National Games held individual competitions, although there were also China chess competitions. There are very few units and players participating in the competition. At the 4th National Games in China, men held a team competition, while women's events were only held in individual competitions for a short time, so the scale of the competition and the number of players were not as good as this one. Who is the leader of the men's team? The author thinks that this will depend on the average strength and level of each team. According to the analysis of the achievements of teams in recent national competitions, Shanghai, Hebei and Guangdong have the greatest hope. The Shanghai team has "contemporary chess king" and "ten consecutive championships" Hu Ronghua, as well as three generals, Lin Hongmin, Yu Hongmu and Wu Zhengwei. Among them, only Wu Zhengwei is a novice. In fact, he has been among the best in Shanghai for many times, but there are so many talents in Shanghai that he never had a chance to play in the past. In the 1986 National China Chess Team Competition held in Handan, the Shanghai team won the championship before the final round was over. In this National Games, the Shanghai team is naturally the most promising to win the championship. Hebei team has grandmaster Li Laiqun and grandmaster Liu Dianzhong, who won two national team championships in 1983 and 1985. In the national team competition in 1986, the voice of winning the championship was the highest at the beginning, but due to the great ideological pressure of holding the competition in the hometown, the players of the 3 rd and 4 th stations, especially the 4 th station, did not play well on the spot. The result failed to defend the title. However, after more than one year's pre-competition training, especially psychological training, this weakness of Hebei team will definitely be overcome. If the level of the last two players can play normally, Hebei team will still be a strong contender for the gold medal. The Guangdong team has the new champion grandmaster Lv Qin and the old master Cai Furu. In 1986,