Social Science Network Home Page | Client | Official Weibo | Newspaper Submission | Email China Social Science Network Home Page > Research Array > Ethnic Literature Theory > Literary History Writing [Xu Xiping] Achievements and Significance of Chinese Poetry of Ancient Southwest Ethnic Minorities Chinese Ethnic Literature Network

Release date: 2019-08-28 Author: Xu Xiping Chinese minority literature has a long history and a long history. It includes both native language literary creations and a large number of Chinese literary works, which are precious heritage of Chinese literature.

Early ethnic minority Chinese poetry works were either created directly in Chinese by ethnic minority authors, or were created in their own ethnic languages ??and translated into Chinese and circulated.

Relatively speaking, southwest China is rich in ethnic groups, and the literary achievements of ethnic minorities, including those written in Chinese, are equally great, but they are less known to the outside world, which is extremely inconsistent with their actual achievements.

As early as the Han Dynasty, the southwest region had been closely integrated with the culture of the Central Plains. During the Emperor Wu's period, the southwest barbarians were developed, and Sima Xiangru actively worked for this. Wenweng, the governor of Shu County, opened a school in Sichuan to educate the people with Confucianism. Cultural exchanges among various ethnic groups in the southwest region were very frequent.

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During the Anti-Japanese War, Mr. Wen Yiduo participated in the Hunan, Guizhou and Yunnan travel group and especially appreciated the dance of the Yi people. “From those ethnic songs, I saw the vigorous vitality of the Chinese nation. This promising potential is still among the ethnic minorities today.”

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To this end, Wen Yiduo once planned to write an article with a thought-provoking point under the title - "Don't forget the ethnic minorities in the Southwest", expressing the judgment that the hope of Chinese literature lies in the Southwest.

Since then, academic circles have paid increasing attention to the study of Southwest ethnic literature and culture, and have achieved fruitful results.

From the Han and Tang dynasties, literature from the southwestern region entered the Chinese literary field and became a leading symbol. As the saying goes, "People in Shu are good if they are not well-known, but outstanding if they are well-known."

Sima Xiangru, Yang Xiong, and Wang Bao were all great masters of Han poetry. Chen Ziang opened the way for the healthy development of Tang poetry. Li Bai, the poet who "speaks from the embroidered mouth, is half of the prosperous Tang Dynasty", brought poetry to the peak of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

Against this background, the creations of ethnic minorities in southwest China have also gone down in history.

The famous "White Wolf Song" of the ancient Qiang people in the Eastern Han Dynasty can be regarded as its earliest representative.

According to the "Book of the Later Han·Biography of Southwest Yi": During the Yongping period of Emperor Ming of the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 58-75), there were more than 1.3 million households in the "White Lang, Panmu, Tang Kuo and other countries" living in the Zuodu area.

, with a population of more than six million, raised seeds as tribute” and threw themselves into the embrace of the big family of the motherland.

During their interactions with the Eastern Han Dynasty, a few leaders of the ancient Qiang tribe created some songs and poems.

Among them, the famous "White Wolf Song" (including "Yuan Yi Le De Song", "Yuan Yi Mude Song" and "Yuan Yi Hua De Song") has been translated into Chinese and passed down to this day, which has become the unity culture of the Chinese nation.

A blend of classics.

In addition to poetry, there are also a small number of prose works, such as the calligraphy of Jiang Wei, a famous official of the Shu Han Dynasty in the Three Kingdoms, which can also be regarded as the Chinese creations of the Southwest Qiang people.

Southwest China is a multi-ethnic area with a long history of cultural exchanges among Di, Qiang, Tibetan and Han people.

In the early 1980s, Ma Xueliang edited "Selected Literary Works of Chinese Ethnic Minorities" (published by Shanghai Literature and Art Publishing House in 1981). The book has five volumes and contains six pieces of ancient and modern folk literature and literary works by 55 ethnic minorities.

With more than 100 articles, it became the first comprehensive collection of ethnic minority literature and had a profound influence.

The book’s preface reads, “The Hui, Manchu, Bai, Naxi, etc. have already produced their own literature written in Chinese.”

Among them is "Poetry on the Road" by the famous Nanzhao poet Yang Qikun, which is the earliest literary work by a writer included in the book.

Yang Qikun also has the poem "Green Jade Inlaid in Rock", which is included in "A Brief Introduction to Poems of Southern Yunnan".

In addition to Yang Qikun, two poems written by Wang Piaoxin of Nanzhao, "Xinghui Festival Tour Sheltering Platform and Qingping Official Fu" and "Xinghui Festival Tour Sheltering Platform Piaoxin Mingfu" by Zhao Shuda, a Qingping official of the imperial court, are not only harmonious in rhyme, but also quite close to those of the Sui and Tang dynasties.

The works composed by monarchs and ministers together or by ministers, together with the later "Listening to Cloud Songs in the Prostitute's Cave" and "Homesickness Works" by Bu Xie, the envoy (prime minister) of the Dachangwa Kingdom, present the style of Chinese creation of the Wubarians in the southwest.

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According to the "Old Book of Tang·Biography of Tubo", in the fifteenth year of Zhenguan in the early Tang Dynasty (641), Songtsen Gampo asked Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty for a marriage, and Princess Wencheng married Tubo. Tubo began to "release felt fur, adopt dandy clothes, and gradually admire China

"Feng; still sent the chiefs' children to study Chinese to learn poetry and calligraphy", and also invited "people who knew literature in the Tang Dynasty to read their notes", and the exchanges were very close.

During the reign of Emperor Zhongzong of the Tang Dynasty, Tubo sent its ministers Shang Zantu and Xilie (also known as "Ming Xilie") to marry Princess Jincheng.

"The Biography of Tubo" said that he was "a very knowledgeable secretary" and "the imperial court at that time praised him for his talent in debate". The emperor also gave special courtesy, "introducing an internal banquet, talking to him, being very polite, and giving him a purple robe, gold belt and fish bag", etc.

, "The offerings in the annex are very generous."

It is particularly worth mentioning that he also participated in literary entertainment activities such as games between Zhongzong and his ministers and poetry couplets.

On the fifth day of the first lunar month of the fourth year of Emperor Jinglong's reign (710), he moved to the Penglai Palace and the Daming Palace to perform a Tibetan horseback riding drama, which was mainly composed of Bailiang style couplets.

When the couplet of monarch and ministers was about to be completed, Ming Xilie took the initiative to ask for help, and came up with a final sentence in Chinese, "The origin of jade wine is to offer longevity cups." Not only is the meaning accurate, but it also conforms to the rhythm and rhyme. Compared with the previous works written by Han officials in the Tang Dynasty,

No less impressive, it made everyone look at him with admiration, "I was greatly pleased to give him clothes."