Ancient "Seven Wonders of the World"
Pyramid of Giza
Statue of Zeus at Olympia
Colossus of Rhode Island
hanging garden
Temple of Artemis
Mausoleum of King Mosolasky
Lighthouse of Alexandria
Seven Wonders of the World
1. The Seven Wonders of the World refer to seven magnificent man-made places in the ancient world. The first to put forward the idea of the Seven Wonders of the World was the traveler Antipark in the 3rd century. There is also a saying that the Byzantine scientist Phelan was in the 2nd century.
2. Since most of the above miracles have been destroyed, later generations put forward the Seven Wonders of the World in the Middle Ages
3. In addition, American Lowell Thomas also put forward the Seven Wonders of the World
4. In 21, the "New Seven Wonders" Foundation (founded by Frenchman Bernard Weber and established in 21) launched the online election of the New Seven Wonders.
The ancient "Seven Wonders of the World"
23 years ago (3rd century BC), Phoenician traveler Antipak wrote down a list of the seven wonders:
(1) Egyptian Pyramid of Giza
(2) Colossus of Zeus at Olympia
(3) Temple of Artemis
(4) Mausoleum of Mosolasky
(5) Lighthouse of Alexandria
(6) hanging garden
(7). nders of The Ancient World)
(1) The Great Pyramid of Giza 25bc approximate-egyptians
(2) Statue of Zeus at Olympia 435bc-greeks-destroyed fire
. > (3) Temple of Artemis at Ephesus 55 BC-Anatolians-Destroyed Fire 356 BC < P > (4) Mausoleum of Halicarnassus 315 BC-Helenize D CA of Mosolasky Mausoleum. Rians-Destroyed Earthquake
(5) Lighthouse of Alexandria 3rd Century BC-Hellenistic Civilization-Destroyed Earthquake
(6) hanging garden Ha. Nging Gardens of Babylon 6bc-Babylonians-Destroyed Earthquake
(7) Colossus of Rhodes 292-28bc-Hellenistic Civilization-Destroyed 224 BC Earthquake
According to this traveler, the seven wonders are what he saw with his heart and will never be erased. This is the origin of the so-called "seven wonders" at the beginning of the century.
The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, translated as "Seven Wonders of the Ancient World", refers to seven magnificent man-made landscapes in the ancient western world (Nile Valley, Two Rivers Valley and Hellenistic Aegean Sea). These buildings and statues, with their grand scale, artistic beauty or unique construction methods, represent the achievements of ancient western civilization, which makes the world amazed and amazed.
At that time, the west (represented by ancient Greece) knew almost nothing about China and little about Indian. Otherwise, at least some huge projects in the Qin and Han Dynasties, such as the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor and the Epang Palace (it is said that they were burnt down before they were completely completed), can they also be included and called "the Eight Wonders of Ancient Times"? No wonder international friends were amazed when they visited the remains of the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum that "Terracotta Warriors and Horses are the eighth wonder of ancient civilization"!
[ Edit this paragraph] Pyramids of Giza
the great pyramids on the Nile are tombs built by the ancient Egyptian kings themselves. It is said that there are nearly 1 pyramids in Egypt, most of which were built in the third to sixth dynasties in Egypt. Some pyramids with a history of more than 4, years are mainly distributed in the capital and the west bank of the Nile. The Giza Pyramid belongs to the King of Cabra on the left and the King of Kuff on the right, with a sphinx nearby. The main building material is limestone, and part of it is Huagang rock. The three largest and best-preserved pyramids were built by three emperors of the Fourth Dynasty, Khufu, Khafra and Menkaura, from 26 BC to 25 BC. Pyramid of khufu is 146.6m high and 23.35 m long at the bottom. The Khafre Pyramid is 143.5m high and 215.25m； long at the bottom. The Menkaura Pyramid is 66.4m high and 18.4m long at the bottom.
The largest of the three great pyramids is pyramid of khufu, which is an almost solid boulder, made of more than 2 million boulders. Crowds of people dragged these big stones up the slope of the ground, and then piled them up around the pyramid in a scaffolding way. Next to the pyramids, there are some small pyramids and rectangular desktop tombs of royalty and nobility.
at first, the polished gray limestone blocks that covered the outer layer of the pyramid almost disappeared. What we see now is the big pale yellow lime stone below, revealing its internal structure. There is a tomb in the center of the pyramid, which can be entered through the tunnel. On the top of the tomb, several large stones weighing dozens of tons are layered.
The completed pyramids are used as tombs. The ancient Egyptians believed in immortality after death. At first, the tombs in the pyramids were filled with gold and various valuables.
Construction time: about 27-25 BC
Construction location: Giza and other places near Cairo, Egypt
According to legend, before the third dynasty of ancient Egypt, both princes and ministers and ordinary people were buried in a rectangular tomb made of mud bricks, which was called "Mastaba" by ancient Egyptians. Later, a clever young man, Imhotep, invented a new building method when designing a tomb for the Egyptian Pharaoh King Zuosai. He replaced mud bricks with square stones picked from the ground, and constantly revised the design scheme of building a mausoleum, and finally built a six-level trapezoidal pyramid-this is the prototype of the pyramid we see now. In ancient Egyptian, pyramids are called hierarchical pyramids because they are trapezoidal and layered. This is a tall pyramid building with a square base and a triangle on each side, which looks like the Chinese character "gold", so people in China wrote it as "pyramid". The tower mausoleum designed by Imhotep is the first stone mausoleum in Egyptian history.
There are 8 existing pyramids in Egypt, the largest of which is the Giza Pyramid, which was built around 26 BC, and all of them were artificially built. How did the ancient Egyptians carve the stones and build tombs? The layout of the internal passages and rooms of the mausoleum is like a maze. How did the ancient Egyptians build it? So far, there are still different opinions and there is no clear study.
Zeus
statue of Zeus in Olympia
Zeus is the god of Greek gods and the main god of Olympia. The statue of Zeus built for worship is the largest indoor statue in the world, and the temple of Zeus where the statue of Zeus is located is the birthplace of the Olympic Games. Philo of Byzantium wrote about the seven wonders and said,' We are proud of the other six wonders, but we fear the statue of Zeus.'
the temple of Zeus is the religious center of ancient Greece. The temple is located in the center of a vast flat land on the banks of the Rizos River in the southeast of the Acropolis in Athens, Greece, and is in the charge of Zeus, the god of ancient Greek gods. At present, this place is full of hills in Huang Chengcheng, but in ancient Greece, it was surrounded by green valleys and cool streams, and the scenery was elegant. Not far away, there was a dense forest with rich greenery, and flowers and trees were on both sides of the forest path, which was beautiful and beautiful, and it was the religious center at that time. In ancient Greek times, that area was located outside the walls of Athens. In Hadrian's time, in order to expand the scale of Athens and expand the walls, the temple was included in the city.
construction of the temple began in 47 BC and was finally completed in 456 BC. It is a Doric-style building, designed by the architect Libon from Elis, and the statue of Zeus was carved by the sculptor Pheidias.
the temple of Zeus itself is a Dolique-style building, the surface of which is covered with plastered limestone. The roof of the temple is made of marble, supported by 34 Corinthian pillars with a height of 17 meters, with an area of 41.1 meters by 17.75 meters. The stone statues in front of the temple and behind it are all carved with marble from Paros Island. Many statues on the herringbone eaves in the west of the temple are completely in the style of Athens.
As for Zeus, the main character of the temple, the so-called "chryselephantine" technology is adopted, which is to add muscles carved from ivory and gold clothing to the wooden support. The throne is also covered with gold and inlaid with ebony, precious stones and glass, which took eight years to complete.
in the traveler Pausanias' < Travels of Greece > In a book, the statue of Zeus was described in detail, and it was recorded in the book:' The main body of Zeus is made of wood, the exposed part of his body is covered with ivory, and his clothes are covered with gold. Wearing a crown woven with olive branches on the top of his head, he holds the statue of victory made of ivory and gold in his right hand, and a scepter made of various dazzling metals in his left hand, with a vulture resting on the top of it.
As for his throne, the statues of "Three Elegances" and "Three Seasons" (spring, summer and winter) are carved on the head and back of the statue. The legs and feet are decorated with dancing goddess of victory, sphinx with human head and other Greek gods. The bottom is 6.55 meters wide and 1 meter high. Excluding the throne, the statue of God, which is only about 13 meters high, is equivalent to a four-story modern building, so that Zeus' head sitting on the throne is almost against the top of the temple.
Behind the statue hangs a sacred curtain looted from the temple of Jerusalem. Phidias planned the surrounding changes more accurately, including the light from the temple gate to the statue. In order to make the statue's face more beautiful and bright, a huge and shallow olive oil pool with black marble was built in front of the statue to reflect the light with olive oil. During the standing period, workers came to wipe the ivory, which was called "phidias polisher". A visitor said,' I can tell you the size of the statue, but I can't describe the impression.'
The idol has been worshipped by people for more than 9 years, but in the end, Christ ended everything. In 393 AD, Lu Si I, the Roman emperor, resolutely issued a pardon to stop competing, and the ancient Olympic Games was also terminated in this year. Then, in 426 AD, the pagan temple destruction order was issued, so the statue of Zeus was destroyed, and phidias's studio was also changed to a church, and ancient Greece was destroyed. The inward-leaning stone pillars of the temple collapsed in the earthquakes in 522 and 551 AD, and the stone was demolished and converted into a fortress against barbarian aggression. Fortunately, before that, the statue had been transported to Constantinople (now Istanbul, the Turkish capital) and kept in the palace by the eunuch luisi for 6 years. Unfortunately, it was also destroyed in the city riots.
[ Edit this paragraph] The Colossus of Rhode Island
The Colossus of Rhode Island in Greece is the most mysterious of the seven wonders. This colossus was built at the entrance of the port of Rhodes. It is a bronze statue of Helios, the Greek sun god, with a height of about 33 meters. Because it was destroyed in an earthquake in 226 BC in just 56 years, archaeologists even failed to determine its exact location and appearance.
Construction time: completed in 282 BC
Construction location: Aegean Sea, Rhodes Port, Greece
The colossus of Rhodes Island is located in the port of Rhodes Island, Greece, which leads to the Mediterranean Sea. Rhode Island in BC is an important business center, which is located at the junction of Aegean Sea and Mediterranean Sea. Port Rhode was built in 48 BC. Historically, Rhode Island was ruled by many spheres of influence, including Mao Solas (whose tomb is also one of the Seven Wonders) and Alexander the Great. But after the death of Alexander the Great, the whole island was plunged into a long war. Macedonia invader Dmitry led 4, troops (which exceeded the population of the whole island) to surround the port. After a hard war, Rhode Island people defeated the invaders. To celebrate this victory, they decided to build a statue with bronze weapons abandoned by the enemy. The statue was built for twelve years, with a height of about 33 meters, which is similar to the height of the Statue of Liberty in new york. The statue is hollow and reinforced with complex stone and iron pillars. But this great statue was destroyed by a strong earthquake just over 5 years after it was built. Legend has it that the statue stood in the harbor with its legs apart and boarded the ship only through the middle of its legs, which was very spectacular and interesting. This colossus is actually the Greek sun god and their patron saint Helios. It was designed by architect Chares. After 12 years of construction, the colossus of Rhode Island was completed in 282 BC. The whole colossus was 33 meters high, made of marble, wrapped in bronze, and later used as a lighthouse. However, the great earthquake in 226 BC knocked down this great colossus, and its fragile knee became the fatal wound of the colossus, and the colossus fell to the shore near Mandraki Port from then on. In 654 AD, Rhode Island was invaded by Arabs, and the invaders even transported the remains to Syria, making it more difficult to investigate this spectacle.
[ Edit this paragraph] hanging garden
Like the Colossus of Rhode Island, archaeologists have so far failed to find the remains of the Hanging Garden.
Construction time: about 6th century BC
Location: Babylon, east of the Euphrates River, about 5 miles south of Baghdad, the capital of Iraq today
Of course, the Hanging Gardens in Babylon are not hanging in the air. The origin of this name is because people put the original Greek "kremastos" and Latin "pensilis" (except ").