On August 9, US President Biden signed the CHIPSandScienceAct at the White House, which will provide industrial subsidies of up to $280 billion.

Judging from the composition of the bill, the content of the chip is the most important. Among them, about $52.7 billion will be invested in semiconductor manufacturing and research and development, and at the same time, the bill will also provide 25% tax credit preferential policies to enterprises building chip factories in the United States, worth about $24 billion. In addition to chips, the bill also authorizes about $200 billion to promote scientific research and innovation in the fields of artificial intelligence, quantum computing and robotics in the future 10 in the United States.

It will take about three years from the embryonic form of the bill to the endless debate and then to the dust settlement, among which the most concerned is the semiconductor support strategy. Core Research, a domestic semiconductor think tank, said in an interview that the Chip and Science Act is one of the most influential and far-reaching bills in American history and will also be the starting point for reshaping the global semiconductor pattern.

A number of people in the semiconductor industry told the 2 1 Century Business Herald that the bill wants to strengthen the position of the United States' own semiconductor industry chain, paying special attention to the production capacity and competitive situation of advanced manufacturing processes. In addition, although non-American enterprises in Europe and other regions will not be directly affected, key businesses involving manufacturing types such as equipment will still be restricted.

It is worth noting that the bill also puts forward targeted restrictive clauses, including prohibiting subsidized enterprises from increasing the production capacity of advanced process chips in some specific countries within 10 year. Companies that violate the ban or fail to correct the violations may need to refund the subsidies in full. This means that if enterprises get relevant subsidies, they may not be able to invest in semiconductor factories in China. On August 10, the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade and the China International Chamber of Commerce voiced their opposition to the improper interference and restrictions of the Chip and Science Act of the United States on the economic, trade and investment cooperation of the global business community.

The trend of regional autonomy is accelerating.

In recent years, in the complex geopolitical and technological game, the regional self-sufficiency of the semiconductor industry chain has become a trend, and the industries that have always been globalized have begun to appear anti-globalization, and a new competition model is being opened. Today, when government subsidies are unusually high, it shows that the United States is eager to occupy the commanding heights of semiconductors, and it will also stimulate various regions to speed up their own pace.

Specific to the bill, the United States has formulated a very detailed plan. The Chip Act provided $52.7 billion for the development of the semiconductor industry chain in the United States, which was further subdivided into four areas for subsidies.

First, the chip fund in the United States is $50 billion, accounting for the vast majority of the funds, of which $39 billion is used to encourage chip production, and 1 654,380 billion is used to subsidize chip research and development, including the establishment of technology centers. Second, the US Chip Defense Fund of $2 billion is used to subsidize the production of key chips related to national security.

Third, the chip international science and technology security and innovation fund of the United States, * * * 500 million dollars, to build a safe and reliable semiconductor supply chain; Fourth, a $200 million chip labor force and education fund to train talents in the semiconductor industry.

As can be seen from the proportion and use of the fund, chip manufacturing is the core focus of the United States. At present, the United States only produces about 10% of semiconductors, lacking the most advanced chips, while the United States relies on East Asia to produce 75% of the world's products.

According to the recent report of the Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA), the global market share of American semiconductor companies was 46% in 20021year, and their strength was still strong, but the share of domestic semiconductor manufacturing in the United States continued to decline from 57% in 20 13, with a drop of more than 10%.

Therefore, the United States takes incentive measures from the national strategic level to support the local manufacturing industry and enhance its production capacity. At the same time, the lack of core and the development of emerging markets have also intensified the actions of the United States.

The giant keeps expanding production.

Core research believes that the chip bill introduced by the US government mainly benefits American companies, especially those with chip manufacturing capabilities. American chip manufacturing giants such as Intel and GlobalFoundries will be the biggest beneficiaries. Supporting leading enterprises is easier to achieve scale effect and accelerate the realization of American core dream.

IDM companies with chip manufacturing capabilities such as Micron are the beneficiaries of the second echelon. For the U.S. government, the expansion of IDM in the United States can lock in more production capacity in the United States. For IDM, the company can expand its influence in the global semiconductor field with the help of American subsidies.

American equipment companies related to chip manufacturing are the third echelon beneficiaries of the chip bill. With the improvement of American chip manufacturing capacity, American semiconductor equipment companies will usher in a new development climax, and at the same time, the US government has also calmed the complaints of American equipment manufacturers that they have lost the China market due to US sanctions. TSMC, Samsung and other international chip manufacturers are the fourth echelon beneficiaries of the chip bill, while American chip design companies are the indirect beneficiaries of the bill.

Many semiconductor giants have made choices and put them into action, and wafer foundry companies and memory chip leaders have successively thrown out new cooperative investment plans. On August 8th, semiconductor manufacturers Singh and Qualcomm announced that they would extend the existing strategic global long-term semiconductor manufacturing agreement to 2028, and the total purchase amount would increase to $7.4 billion. The agreement will ensure an adequate supply of wafers and promise to support American manufacturing by expanding the capacity of Singh's semiconductor manufacturing plants in New York and Malta.

On August 9, Micron announced that it will use the preferential policies of the US government to invest 40 billion US dollars in the memory chip manufacturing industry by 2030. Meguiar's said that in the next 10 year, the investment will increase the global market share of American memory chip production capacity from less than 2% to 10%.

At the same time, information about Korean factories investing in the United States also appeared in newspapers. At the end of July, SK Group, the parent company of South Korean memory chip giant SK Hynix, plans to increase its investment by 22 billion US dollars in the United States, involving semiconductors, power batteries, biotechnology and other fields.

Obviously, a new round of capacity expansion competition has begun. In recent years, the shortage of production capacity has accelerated the expansion of enterprises. Although there is a short-term decline in demand and partial surplus, the overall semiconductor production capacity is still in short supply, and chip resources will be a long-term scarce product. At present, the choice of producing area has become an important game point. In the future, with the launch of production capacity, the global semiconductor industry pattern may change.

Multinational giants throw hundreds of billions of dollars.

At the same time as the implementation of the American Chip Act, the global competition for policies and funds for the semiconductor industry continues. First of all, the intention of each region to build a complete local industrial chain is more clear.

On August 4th, South Korea's "National Cutting-edge Strategic Industries Law" was officially implemented. It is reported that the law will greatly strengthen the support for strategic industrial enterprises such as semiconductors by designating characteristic parks, supporting infrastructure and relaxing core regulations. In 20021year, South Korea threw out a plan to build the world's largest chip manufacturing base with 450 billion US dollars in the next decade. Samsung and SK Hynix naturally took the lead in layout and expanded the scale of their factories in Korea.

In the past two years, Europe has also taken similar measures. In February this year, EuroChipsAct was put forward. It is reported that the EU will use 43 billion euros of public and private funds to support chip production, pilot projects and start-ups, so that the EU's share in global semiconductor production will double to 20% by 2030, and the dependence on key components used in electric vehicles and smart phones in Asia will be reduced.

The EU also urged Intel, TSMC and Samsung to set up factories in Europe. In March this year, Intel announced plans to invest more than 33 billion euros to promote independent research and development of chips in Europe, including building a chip production base in Germany, setting up a research and development center in France and building a packaging and assembly factory in Italy. In the next decade, Intel's total investment plan in the EU will reach 80 billion euros, which is currently the first stage.

As a new semiconductor market, China's domestic industrial chain is growing day by day, relying on the huge market to further strengthen the construction of integrated circuits in a complex external environment. Integrated circuits and semiconductors have become the important strategic direction of the 14 th Five-Year Plan. From the perspective of enterprises, related enterprises are also actively expanding production capacity.

According to the core research, Europe, Japan, South Korea and other regions will follow suit and launch their own semiconductor policies to maintain the strength of the local semiconductor industry chain. Under the premise of reshaping the global pattern, the major semiconductor regions in the world must pay more attention to the autonomy, security and controllability of their own supply chains.

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