Analysis of California Institute of Technology
Introduction of California Institute of Technology
California Institute of Technology, Caltech or CIT, located in Pasadena, California, USA, was founded in 189 1, and is known as the top science and technology college in the United States and even the world. 20 12 American universities ranked fifth.
Although California Institute of Technology has a long reputation, its scale is not large, with only 65,438+0,000 graduate students and 900 undergraduate students, and its land area is only 50.65,438+08 hectares. But so far, among the more than 20,000 students trained in this school, 27 have won the Nobel Prize, and there is one Nobel Prize winner for every 1000 graduate students on average, which is the highest in the world.
Twenty-seven alumni or professors of California Institute of Technology won 28 Nobel Prizes (including chemist Pauling won two Nobel Prizes, 1954 Chemistry Prize and 1962 Peace Prize). 40 people won the National Science Medal; Nine people won the national technical medal. At present, there are 63 academicians of the National Academy of Sciences, 29 academicians of the National Academy of Engineering and 75 academicians of the National Academy of Arts and Sciences. China famous scientists Qian Weichang, Qian Xuesen, Hu Ning, Guo Yonghuai, Meng, Tan, Zheng Zhemin and Bai Chunli are all alumni of California Institute of Technology.
Famous physicists Einstein, Feynman, Millikan and gherman, famous astronomer Harley, the originator of genetics Morgan, and rocket expert von Carmen all taught here. In addition to many Nobel Prize winners, famous alumni who graduated from California Institute of Technology include Gordon Moore, founder of Intel Corporation, Jack Schmitt, astronaut on the moon, Qian Xuesen, a missile expert from China, and Qian Weichang, the father of mechanics in China.
California Institute of Technology California Institute of Technology has a group of world-class scientists, strong faculty, and all courses are taught by professors. * * * There are 270 professors, associate professors and assistant professors, including 66 academicians of the National Academy of Sciences, 33 academicians of the National Academy of Engineering and 80 academicians of the National Academy of Arts, accounting for 36.7% of all teachers today, which is unparalleled in the United States and even the world. In 2008, Discovery magazine selected 20 smartest scientists under 40 in the United States. They are regarded as geniuses in their respective research fields and have achieved fruitful results. Among these 20 talented scientists, professors from California Institute of Technology actually occupy 4 seats.
California Institute of Technology California Institute of Technology has many excellent laboratories and off-campus research facilities. Palermo Observatory in the north of San Diego, the giant Gemini telescope of Keck Observatory in Hawaii in cooperation with the University of California, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory of NASA are all research facilities of California Institute of Technology. Therefore, this is the best place for scientists who are immersed in science.
There are Booth Computing Center, Hale Observatory, Seismological Laboratory, Kekhoff Marine Laboratory, Bear Solar System Observatory, Paloma Observatory, Owens Canyon Radio Observatory, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Environmental Quality Laboratory, the newly established submillimeter observatory in Hawaii and Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. Especially worth mentioning is the Jet Dynamics Laboratory (JPL), where scientists successfully designed the earliest modern rocket and designed and assembled the spacecraft for the American Apollo moon landing program. In the past half century, JPL has participated in the design and launch of many significant spacecraft, such as Explorer, Mariner, Galileo, Mars Global Explorer, Cassini Huygens and Spitzer Deep Space Telescope.
California Institute of Technology California Institute of Technology is famous for its scientific research, and it has to queue up to sign a scientific research contract with it every year. Although the budget of California Institute of Technology in 2005 exceeded 500 million dollars, tuition income only accounted for 3%, and scientific research income accounted for 48%. Of course, all kinds of sponsorship and investment returns from society are also the main income of California Institute of Technology. In 20001year, Caltech received the largest donation ever: 300 million dollars from Moore, the founder of Intel Corporation, and 300 million dollars from the foundation named after them, totaling 600 million dollars. Moore received his doctorate in chemistry from California Institute of Technology on 1954.
California Institute of Technology California Institute of Technology has gradually formed a good school spirit and characteristic culture, which is the fundamental guarantee for it to become a world-class university. This includes students studying hard, supporting each other and being full of academic freedom; Pay attention to the research atmosphere of interdisciplinary, discussion and full and free exchange in scientific research; A management culture that pursues quality and improvement; The whole campus is full of academic atmosphere of pursuing scientific truth and devoting to science.
California Institute of Technology California Institute of Technology only recruits about 230 undergraduates every year, and eliminates about 1/5 students every year on average, among which there are many excellent students from all over the world, and graduate students and doctoral students also have a similar harsh elimination ratio. The students who can stay here are all famous "workaholics". They study an average of 50 hours a week, and everyone must take 486 hours of courses before graduation, which means an average of 5 courses per semester, 1 3 semesters a year 15 courses * * *-most people even have more than that. In addition, all students must take five physics courses, two chemistry courses, two mathematics courses, 1 biology course, 1 astronomy or geology course and two experimental courses. Here, almost everyone has a desperate attitude of "whatever the professor gives us, we can finish it". At Caltech, it is impossible for one person to finish all the homework. Therefore, "collective problem solving" is not only common but also necessary, and it is also common to do problems all night. So some students said, what I hate most is that the sun has already risen when I am halfway through solving the problem. However, schools should be "kind" to new students every year. Freshmen don't give grades by letters in the first year of school, but only "pass" or "fail", which is undoubtedly the result of the school to reduce the pressure on students. In this way, freshmen have 1 year to adapt, and then they can completely catch up with the "breathless" rhythm of California Institute of Technology.
Similarities and differences between California Institute of Technology and Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Caltech is often compared with MIT. Caltech was founded 30 years later than MIT, and 189 1 year, which is much smaller. MIT has more than 4,500 undergraduates, plus graduate students, and there are nearly 10,000 students on campus. In California Institute of Technology, there are less than 1000 undergraduates and only 2,000 graduate students. In terms of scale, this is a small school. In terms of environment, the scenery here is beautiful, and the campus is dotted with lotus ponds and olive trees, which is really much better than buildings like MIT factories. Due to the small number of people, the per capita research expenditure, per capita published papers, per capita cited times and per capita Nobel Prize of Caltech are much higher than those of MIT. The teacher-student ratio is 1: 3, while MIT is only 1: 6.
Caltech students have always been dismissive of their competitors in the northeast. Comparatively speaking, MIT still pays attention to the education policy of combining humanities and social sciences with science and technology, which seems to be a "coward" trick here at California Institute of Technology. "We are a polytechnic, and science is the theme here." A student stressed. Of course, Caltech students know nothing about humanities. They must also take 12 humanities or social sciences courses, usually one course per semester.
California Institute of Technology, California Institute of Technology, Colleges and Specialty Settings
Colleges: College of Biological Sciences, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Geology and Planetary Sciences, College of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, College of Humanities and Social Sciences.
Research Center: Infrared Process Analysis Research Center (IPAC), Astronomical Research Center, Material Process Simulation Research Center (MSC), Advanced Computing Research Center (CACR), Industrial Relations Research Center, Computer Resources Research Center, Computer Science Department, Bioengineering Department, Molecular Science Laboratory, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and other scientific research institutions.
Specialty Settings: Aviation, Astrophysics, Astronomy, Materials Science, Peripheral Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Computing and Neurology, Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, Seismology, Earthquake Engineering, Biology, Molecular Biology, Neuroscience, Geology, Planetary Science, Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, Applied Physics, Control and Power System, Management, Economics.
Science and engineering majors include: Mathematics (Doctor), Applied Mathematics (Doctor), Physics (Doctor), Applied Physics (Doctor), Astronomy (Doctor), Computer Science (Master, Doctor), Cosmology (Master, Doctor), Geobiology (Doctor), Geochemistry (Master, Doctor) and Geochemistry. Astronautics (MS, PhD), applied mechanics (MS, PhD), civil engineering (MS, PhD), chemistry (PhD), chemical engineering (MS, PhD), biology (MS, PhD), cell biology and biophysics (PhD), etc.
Key disciplines: California Institute of Technology is the most famous discipline, with physics first, followed by engineering, chemistry, biology, astronomy and geology. Every college student here, no matter what his major is, has to take five semesters of mathematics and physics, two semesters of chemistry and 1 semester of biology. In addition to science, we should also complete 12 humanities and social sciences courses. Economics and politics are also the strengths of Caltech.
Postgraduate majors include: applied mathematics, physics, applied physics, astronomy, computer science, cosmochemistry, geophysics, geochemistry, geophysics, geology, mathematics, planetary science, astronautics, applied mechanics, civil engineering, chemistry, chemical engineering, biology, cell biology, biophysics and so on.