In the world, 852 million people suffer from chronic hunger due to extreme poverty, while as many as 2 billion people suffer from intermittent food insecurity due to different levels of poverty (source: FAO, 2003). Every year, 6 million children die of hunger-65,438+07,000 per day [5]. By the end of 2007, the export was restricted and snapped up, the dollar depreciated, [6] the use of biofuels improved agriculture and exceeded [7] the world oil price. US$ 65,438+000 per barrel, [8] global population growth, [9] climate change, [65,438+00] residential and industrial development caused by the loss of agricultural land, [65,438+065,438+0] [65,438+02] and increasing China and India. However, these factors have influenced some debates. Some people think that the role of biofuels is exaggerated [16] because food prices have fallen back to the level of 2006. However, food riots have occurred in many countries in the world recently. [ 17] [ 18] [ 19]
The "peak" phenomenon in food, that is, the convergence of oil peak, water peak, phosphorus peak and fish food peak, is increasingly difficult to maintain the world security. In 2007 10, more than half of the world's population was about 330 million people, living in urban areas. Any intervention in agricultural supply may trigger a unique urban food crisis in a relatively short period of time. [20] Despite rising commodity prices, the persistent global credit crisis has affected agricultural credit. [2 1] Food security is a complex subject, which stands at the intersection of many disciplines.
In 2009, a new peer-reviewed journal of food safety was published: food production and acquisition in science, sociology and economics [22]. In developing countries, more than 70% of the population usually live in rural areas. . In this case, the agricultural development of small farmers and landless residents provides a livelihood for those who have the opportunity to stay in their communities. In many parts of the world, land ownership does not exist, so people who want or need to make a living by farming have little incentive to improve the land.
In the United States, there are about 2 million farmers, less than 1% of the total population. The level of food consumption is directly related to poverty. Families with financial resources get rid of extreme poverty and rarely suffer from long-term hunger, while poor families not only suffer from long-term hunger, but are most likely to face food shortage and famine.
Two commonly used definitions of food security come from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA):
Food security means that all people can get enough, safe and nutritious food from material, social and economic aspects at any time to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. [24]
Food safety means that families can get enough food at any time, and all members can live an active and healthy life. Food safety includes preparing a room with at least (1) nutritious and safe food, and (2) ensuring the ability to obtain socially acceptable food (that is, not resorting to emergency food supply, clearance, theft or other coping strategies). United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)[25]
The stage of food insecurity, from food security to mass famine. "The root of famine and hunger lies in food insecurity. Food insecurity can be regarded as a long-term or temporary classification, namely, long-term food famine and high insecurity. . The premise of ensuring food security is that this loophole eliminates (long-term) hunger. There is no famine. Similar to malnutrition and poverty, poor countries mainly exist. " [26]