1 Similarity between trading financial assets and available-for-sale financial assets (1) The initial measurement attribute is fair value. When trading financial assets and available-for-sale financial assets are initially measured, the measurement attribute is fair value. The so-called fair value refers to the amount of assets exchanged or debts paid off voluntarily by both parties who are familiar with the situation in a fair transaction. Taking fair value as the measurement attribute of these two types of financial assets is mainly to reflect the influence of changes in relevant market variables on their values and to closely combine these financial assets with the market. (2) If the interest or dividend included in the payment price when acquiring the financial asset has not been received by the interest payment period, it shall be accounted for separately according to accounts receivable. In the process of acquiring financial assets, if the initial acquisition price contains interest or dividends that have not been received by the interest payment period, these interests or dividends should be separately reflected by "interest receivable" or "dividend receivable". (3) In the process of holding financial assets, the confirmed dividends or interest receivable are included in the current investment income. In the process of holding these two types of financial assets, if it is necessary to confirm the interest receivable or dividend receivable on the balance sheet date, it should be included in the current profit and loss through "investment income". (4) On the balance sheet date, both types of financial assets should reflect changes in fair value. On the balance sheet date, the book value of these two types of financial assets should be compared with the fair value. If the book value is inconsistent with the fair value, the book value should be adjusted according to the fair value, so that the financial assets can be more closely integrated with the market and reflect the value changes of the assets more timely and accurately. (5) At the time of sale, the difference between the book value of financial assets and the purchase price, as well as the accumulated changes in fair value during the holding process, shall be included in the current profits and losses. 2 The difference between trading financial assets and available-for-sale financial assets (1) has different intentions. According to the definitions of trading financial assets and available-for-sale financial assets, we can see that trading financial assets have clear intentions and are held for a short time in order to trade in a short time and earn trading spreads; In contrast, the holding intention and holding period of available-for-sale financial assets are not as clear as those of transactional financial assets. (2) The transaction costs are handled differently at the time of initial acquisition. Transaction costs incurred in the initial acquisition of tradable financial assets are directly included in the current profit and loss through "investment income", and transaction costs incurred in the initial acquisition of available-for-sale financial assets are included in the initial recognition cost of assets. Of course, according to the different forms of available-for-sale financial assets, the accounts included are also different. If the available-for-sale financial assets are stocks, the transaction costs can be directly included in the "available-for-sale financial assets-costs"; If the available-for-sale financial assets are bonds, since the subject of "available-for-sale financial assets-cost" is measured at face value, the transaction costs should be recorded in the subject of "available-for-sale financial assets-interest adjustment", which constitute the initial recognition amount of the financial assets. (3) The handling of changes in fair value during the asset holding period is different. Trading financial assets and available-for-sale financial assets are measured at fair value in the holding process, so if the book value is inconsistent with the fair value on the balance sheet date, it should reflect the change of fair value. Changes in the fair value of trading financial assets shall be included in the current profits and losses through "gains and losses from changes in fair value"; When the fair value of available-for-sale financial assets changes slightly or temporarily, the enterprise shall consider that the fair value of the financial assets changes within the normal range, and the gains or losses caused by the changes shall be included in "capital reserve-other capital reserve" except for impairment losses and exchange differences caused by foreign currency financial assets. (4) The treatment of impairment of financial assets is different. An enterprise shall check the book value of financial assets other than those measured by fair value and whose changes are included in the current profits and losses on the balance sheet date. If there is objective evidence that the financial asset is impaired, provision for impairment shall be made. 3 Analysis of the reasons for the differences between trading financial assets and available-for-sale financial assets (1) The reasons for the different treatment methods of transaction costs during initial confirmation. The different ways to deal with transaction costs in the initial recognition of assets are caused by the different intentions of enterprises to hold financial assets. Enterprises hold trading financial assets mainly to trade in a short time to obtain the trading price difference, so the main purpose of holding this financial asset is to obtain investment income. Therefore, the transaction costs other than those incurred in the process of asset acquisition are the first price that investors pay for investment, so the transaction costs of transactional financial assets should be included in the debit of "investment income"; But the holding intention and holding period of available-for-sale financial assets are uncertain. Therefore, in order to prevent enterprises, especially listed companies, from using transaction costs to adjust profits, the transaction costs of enterprises or long-term assets with uncertain holding time are generally included in the recorded value of assets. (2) The reasons for the different treatment of changes in the fair value of assets on the balance sheet date. Changes in the fair value of trading financial assets included in current profits and losses are determined by their holding intentions. As trading financial assets are only held for short term to earn the price difference, they will be disposed of in a short term, so changes in fair value can be directly included in the current profit and loss through "gains and losses from changes in fair value"; However, because the holding intention of available-for-sale financial assets is unclear and the holding period is uncertain, in order to prevent enterprises from artificially adjusting profits by taking advantage of changes in the fair value of financial assets, changes in the fair value of available-for-sale financial assets during the holding period should be included in "capital reserve-other capital reserves" and can only be transferred to current profits and losses when disposed of. (2) The reasons for dealing with asset impairment losses are different. Changes in the fair value of trading financial assets are directly included in the current profit and loss, mainly because the holding period is short and does not involve impairment test and amortization of real interest rate. Moreover, the normal value fluctuation of trading financial assets has been directly included in the current profit and loss, and the impairment reserve has also been included in the current profit and loss, so the two results are the same, and there is no need to accrue impairment reserve. However, if the fair value of available-for-sale financial assets temporarily decreases, the accumulated losses caused by the decrease in the fair value originally included in the owner's equity should be transferred out and included in the current profit and loss, mainly because the change in the fair value of available-for-sale financial assets during the holding period is included in the "capital reserve-other capital reserve", which affects the equity rather than the profit and loss, and asset impairment will affect the current profit. From the above analysis, we can easily see that the similarity of financial assets in the accounting process is mainly reflected in the similarity of their investment benefits, and the most essential reason for the differences between them lies in the different intentions and durations of enterprises holding assets. References [1]? China Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Accounting [M]. Beijing: China Financial and Economic Press, 2009, (4). [2]? Hong Juan. Analysis of accounting differences between tradable financial assets and available-for-sale financial assets [J]. Friends of Accounting, 2009, (9).