1. The establishment and development of my country’s medical insurance system my country’s medical insurance system was established in the 1950s.

For a long time, my country's medical insurance system has been mainly divided into three types: the first is the labor insurance medical system applicable to enterprise employees, the second is the cost-sharing medical system applicable to employees of government agencies and institutions, and the third is the cooperative medical system applicable to rural residents. .

The labor insurance and medical system was established based on the "Labor Insurance Regulations of the People's Republic of China" promulgated by the Government Affairs Council on February 26, 1951.

This system mainly applies to employees of state-owned enterprises and some collective enterprises.

Before 1953, labor insurance and medical expenses were all borne by enterprises; in 1953, they were changed to 5% to 7% of total wages according to the nature of the industry.

In 1969, the Ministry of Finance issued regulations requiring central state-owned enterprises to implement a combined withdrawal method for incentive funds, welfare fees, and medical and health fees, and the employee welfare funds withdrawn at a uniform rate of 11% of the company's total wages were directly included in the cost.

The main contents of labor insurance medical benefits include: (1) Employee medical treatment or non-work-related medical treatment, the required consultation fees, surgical fees, hospitalization fees and general medication expenses are all borne by the enterprise. Expensive medication expenses, hospitalization meals and medical travel expenses are borne by the enterprise.

It is the responsibility of the individual. If the individual's financial situation is really difficult, subsidies may be provided at the discretion of the labor insurance fund.

⑵ When an employee stops working for medical treatment due to illness or non-work-related injury, and the period of stopping work for medical treatment lasts for less than 6 months, the company will pay him sick leave pay based on his length of service in the company, and the amount is 60% of his salary.

~100%; if you stop working and receive medical treatment in the border area for more than 6 months, the labor insurance fund will instead pay you disease relief on a monthly basis, the amount being 40% to 60% of your salary, until you are able to work or determined to be disabled or dead.

until.

⑶ If an employee is determined to be disabled due to illness or non-work-related injury after medical treatment, and completely loses the ability to work. After retiring from the job, the sick leave wages or disease relief payments will be suspended, and instead, the non-work-related injury disability relief payment will be issued under the labor insurance.

The standard for determining the relief payment is: 50% of the person's salary for those who need help with food and daily living, and 40% of the person's salary for those who do not need help with food and daily living, until the person recovers his ability to work or dies.

Time stops.

⑷ When an immediate relative supported by an employee is sick, he or she may receive free medical treatment at the company's medical clinic, hospital, specially appointed hospital or specially appointed Chinese and Western physician. The enterprise shall bear half of the operation fee and general drug expenses.

In response to the situation where enterprises and the state bear equal weight in labor insurance and medical care, in April 1966 the Ministry of Labor and the All-China Federation of Trade Unions issued the "Notice on Several Issues Concerning Improving the Labor Insurance and Medical System for Enterprise Employees", which made some new regulations on labor insurance and medical care, such as

It is stipulated that when employees are sick or injured due to non-work-related injuries, the registration fees and consultation fees required for medical treatment shall be borne by the employees themselves; expensive drugs required for medical treatment shall be borne by the enterprise, but the cost of taking nutritional supplements shall be borne by the employees.

wait.

The publicly funded medical care system was established in June 1952 by the "Instructions on the Implementation of Publicly Funded Medical Care to Prevent Lying by Staff of State Agencies of People's Governments at All Levels, Parties, Groups and Affiliated Units" issued by the State Council in June 1952.

The implementation scope of the publicly funded medical system includes state agencies at all levels, political parties, people's organizations, staff of institutions such as culture, education, scientific research, health, sports, etc., disabled revolutionary servicemen, students in colleges and universities, etc.

Funds for public medical care come from the fiscal budget allocations of the state and governments at all levels, and are managed and used uniformly by health administrative departments or financial departments at all levels. They are spent from the unit's "public medical expenses" project and are earmarked for special purposes.

The diagnosis and treatment fees, surgery fees, hospitalization fees, outpatient fees or medicines prescribed by engineers during hospitalization for those who enjoy public medical care are all funded by medical expenses; however, the meals and travel expenses for medical treatment in the hospital are borne by the patient himself.

, if there are genuine difficulties, the agency may provide subsidies and reimburse them within administrative funds.

The cooperative medical system is mainly applicable to rural areas. Unlike labor insurance medical care and publicly funded medical care, it is not mandated by national legislation and does not receive financial support from the state finance. Instead, in rural areas, medical care is raised through collective and individual fund-raising.

Funding, a mutual aid system that provides medical and health care services to rural residents.

The cooperative medical system appeared in the late 1950s and was generally implemented in the mid-1960s.

In 1965, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China approved and forwarded the "Report on Focusing Health Work on Rural Areas" of the Party Committee of the Ministry of Health, emphasizing the strengthening of rural primary-level health care work and promoting the development of the rural cooperative medical system.

By the end of 1965, some cities and counties in more than ten provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities including Shanxi, Hubei, and Jiangxi had implemented the cooperative medical system. By 1976, 90% of farmers nationwide had participated in the cooperative medical system.

The rural cooperative medical system is based on the collective economy and based on the principle of voluntary participation of farmers. The cooperative medical fund is a combination of collective investment and individual financing or a combination of collective investment and individual financing.

The cooperative medical system is based on the principle of living within one's means. People only need to pay a small fee for medical treatment, and most of it can be reimbursed from the cooperative medical fund.

Therefore, this system has been generally welcomed by the farmers and has become an important part of the collective welfare undertakings in every village.

However, since the late 1970s, due to the economic restructuring in rural areas and the widespread adoption of the household responsibility system, the rural cooperative medical system has lost its original economic foundation, resulting in the rural cooperative medical system almost disappearing across the country.