Data expansion:

Shandong Province is located in the east coast of China, in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, with the latitude of 34 22.9 ′-38 24.01′ and the longitude of114 47.5 ′-122 42.3 ′. The territory includes peninsula and inland. Shandong Peninsula stands out among the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea, and is far opposite to Liaodong Peninsula.

The inland part borders Hebei, Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces from north to south. Shandong is 72 1.03 km long from east to west and 437.28 km long from north to south, with a land area of155800km2.

Shandong province belongs to the Yellow River, Huaihe River and Haihe River. The main rivers in Shandong Province are Nansi Lake, Dongping Lake, Baiyun Lake, Qingsha Lake and Mada Lake. Except the Yellow River, the Grand Canal runs through the north and south.

Water resources in Shandong Province mainly come from atmospheric precipitation, with an average annual precipitation of 676.5 mm, an average annual natural runoff of 22.29 billion cubic meters and an average annual groundwater resource of 65.438+0.526 billion cubic meters. After repeated calculations, the average annual freshwater resource is 30.58 billion cubic meters.

In addition, the average annual inflow of the Yellow River was 38.58 billion cubic meters, which was reduced to 22.2 billion cubic meters due to drought in the 1990s. The climate of Shandong Province belongs to the warm temperate monsoon climate type.

Precipitation is concentrated, rain and heat are in the same season, spring and autumn are short, winter and summer are long. The annual average temperature is 1 1℃- 14℃, and the regional difference of temperature in Shandong province is greater than that in the north and south. The frost-free period of the whole year increases from the northeast coast to the southwest, with 180 days in northern Shandong and Jiaodong and 220 days in southwestern Shandong.

Shandong province is rich in light resources, with an average light of 2290-2890 hours, and the heat condition can meet the needs of double cropping of crops a year. The average annual precipitation is generally between 550-950 mm, decreasing from southeast to northwest.

The seasonal distribution of precipitation is very uneven. 60%-70% of the annual precipitation is concentrated in summer, and it is prone to waterlogging and drought in winter, spring and late autumn, which has the greatest impact on agricultural production.