World Hot Pole: The highest record in Basra (Iraq): 58.8℃ World Cold Pole: Near the South Pole (Oriental Station) The lowest record: The region with the largest annual temperature difference is 89.2℃; the region with the smallest annual temperature difference in Yogyakarta kask and Oymyakan (annual temperature difference 107.7℃, Russia): Quito (annual temperature difference 0.6℃, Ecuador). Annual precipitation12244 mm. World dry pole: the average annual precipitation in Atacama Desert (South America) is less than 0. 1 mm, and it never rains during the period from 1845 to 1936. World Rain Pole: Kilapangqi (India), with annual precipitation of 1084 1 mm, with annual precipitation reaching 20,447 mm. The highest land point in the world: Mount Everest (8844. 43m above sea level) The lowest land point in the world: Dead Sea (-4 15m above sea level). The mountain range with the highest average elevation and the largest number of peaks in the world: Himalayas (50 peaks above 7000m including 7000m). The highest mountain from top to bottom: Monaque Asia (Hawaii Island, elevation 4,205 meters, seabed 5,998 meters, total height 10203 meters) The largest mountain and volcano on earth: Mauna Loa volcano (Hawaii Island, elevation 4 169 meters, volcanic volume 75. 000 cubic kilometers) The highest volcano and extinct volcano on earth: Aconcagua Mountain (6960 meters above sea level) The highest active volcano on earth: Mount Ojos del salado (6893 meters above sea level) The highest mountain on the island: Chaya, Pencak (4884 meters above sea level) The longest land mountain range: Andes (7500 kilometers above sea level) The longest submarine mountain range: Mid-ocean ridge (8000 meters above sea level). Kloc-0/ 12 m high) The longest mountain range: Cordillera (15000km) The largest crater: Mount Asu (perimeter 65438) The volcano with the most eruptions: Mount Etna (up to 2 10 times, Italy) the deepest and largest sinkhole. The Nile is recognized as the longest river in the world, with a total length of 6695 kilometers. However, recently, a research team composed of Brazil and Peru discovered the new source of the Amazon River after a long journey, which made the length of the Amazon River reach 6,800 kilometers, making it the longest river, but it caused controversy among experts. The river with the largest water flow: the largest plateau in the Amazon River: the highest plateau in Brazil (Brazil): the largest lake in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (China): the largest freshwater lake in the Caspian Sea: the largest freshwater lake group in Lake Superior: the deepest lakes in the Wudalianchi (Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario): Lake Baikal (Russia) with the largest freshwater. : The largest peninsula in the Sahara Desert (Africa): the largest island in Arabian Peninsula (Asia): the deepest trench in Greenland (North America): Mariana Trench (Pacific Ocean,-1 1, 033 meters); the lightest sea: Baltic Sea (Europe) (the salinity of seawater is only 7-8 ‰, and the salinity of each bay. Compared with the world sea level, the average salinity is much higher than 35‰) The shallowest sea: Azov Sea (8 meters on average), the largest and deepest sea: Coral Sea, the cleanest river: Ganges River (with automatic water purification function), the smallest sea: the saltiest lake in Marrakech (Turkey), the highest freshwater lake in the Dead Sea (33.2% salinity, located at the junction of Palestine and Jordan), the lake in Khartoum.

Astronomical best

Astronomical research on the world's earliest record of Halley's comet (currently recognized): China's Historical Records of the First Emperor, the world's earliest record of Halley's comet (later discovered, More than 400 years earlier than the historical record): China's "Brief Training of Huainan Zibing", The world's earliest solar eclipse record: 65438 BC+0265438 BC+May 26, 2007, the world's earliest meteor shower record recorded in China Shang Dynasty Oracle Bone Inscriptions: China's Tongzhi Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes Dunhuang Star Map The world's earliest astronomical prototype: Stonehenge astronomical instrument in Britain The world's largest sun clock: Augustus sun clock The world's first large-scale astronomical instrument driven by water: the oldest astrolabe in the world. Telescope: galileo telescope's largest mobile radio telescope in the world: Green Shore Telescope; The world's largest optical instrument: space telescope; The largest space telescope in the world: Hubble telescope in the United States; The largest refracting telescope in the world: Yekeshi Observatory in the United States; The world's largest reflective telescope: a telescope with a diameter of 6 meters on Caucasus Mountain. The world's largest spectral telescope (aperture and spectral collection rate): lamost telescope (China, 09.06.05) The brightest star: Sirius A (outside the solar system) The closest star to the solar system: the brightest supernova in proxima centauri: the largest star in Taurus supernova: three red and very bright stars discovered by American astronomers in February 2005. The most attractive star: the oldest star in a black hole: the star with the fastest rotation speed in black dwarf (within the range of human understanding). The planet with the largest mass among pulsar planets: Jupiter (about twice the total mass of the other seven planets) with rings: Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune; the fastest planet: Mercury (88 days); the biggest planet: Jupiter's brightest planet: the planet with the largest number of Venus satellites: Saturn's nearest planet to the earth: the moon's brightest planet: Venus is the earliest. Calculated planets: Neptune's most beautiful planet: Saturn (in the solar system), the fastest rotating planet: Jupiter (rotating for 9 hours, 50 minutes and 30 seconds a week), and the slowest rotating planet: Venus (243 days, The revolution lasts for 225 days) Satellite The largest satellite in the solar system: the satellite with the most frequent volcanic activity of Ganymede: the earliest satellite reached by Io: the closest galaxy to the Milky Way: the largest continental oil field such as the Small Magellanic Cloud: Wo Jia Oil Field (the maximum oil production is about 82 billion barrels110.50 billion tons) The heaviest oil drilling platform: Pan Bo drilling platform (weighing 22 billion tons) The largest natural gas field: Wuliange condensate gas field (with a total reserve of 800 billion cubic meters) The largest oil field: the largest oil port in Galval Oilfield: the thickest area of Rastnula oil port: Mount Chimborazo in Ecuador, South America. The highest volcano has been discovered: Mount Olympus (Mars) (the area is equivalent to the whole of Ireland). The first space station: Salute No.1 (successfully launched in April of the former Soviet Union 197 1). The largest space station to date: Mir. The first artificial satellite: Sputnik No.1 (former Soviet Union 1957+00). Hubble Space Telescope (165438+ launched by the United States on April 24th, 990), the first man-made detector crossing the asteroid belt: Pioneer 1 1, the coldest place in the universe: Sagittarius boomerang nebula, first man to walk in space: Lieutenant Colonel A. leonov, a former Soviet astronaut.

human geography

country

Country with the largest land area: Russian Federation (with a total area of about 17075, 200 square kilometers) country with the smallest land area: Vatican (with a total area of 0.44 square kilometers) country with the largest population: People's Republic of China (PRC) (with a population of about 654.38+300 million) country with the smallest population: Vatican (with about 990 people in 2008) country and region with the smallest population: pitcairn islands (with a population of about 2006 * * * 50 people) country with the highest population density: * * 32,409 residents, population density16,620 people per square kilometer) The country with the lowest population density: Mongolia (area1564,000 square kilometers, * * *. The population density is only 1 person/square kilometer) The country with the longest coastline: Australia (with a coastline of 36,375 kilometers) The country with the highest mortality rate: Botswana (with an average of 29.36 deaths per 1,000 people in 2005) The country with the lowest mortality rate: Kuwait (with an average of 2.42 deaths per 1,000 people in 2005) The country with the highest birth rate: Niger (2005). 5 1.33‰) country with the lowest birth rate: Germany (8.33‰ in 2005) country with the lowest natural population growth rate: country with the highest infant mortality rate in Germany: Angola (average per thousand infant deaths 187.49) country with the lowest infant mortality rate: Singapore (average per thousand infant deaths only 2.29). The country with the highest female fertility rate: Niger (with an average of 7.46 babies per woman); the country with the lowest female fertility rate: Singapore (with an average of 1.06 babies per woman); the country with the highest suicide rate: Lithuania (in 2003, 42 1 per 100,000 people committed suicide every year, while men committed suicide every/. The country with the highest GDP per female per10000013.9) per year: the United States (GDP in 2008 was 14.32 trillion US dollars) and the country with the highest GDP per capita: Luxembourg (in 2004, according to the statistics of the International Monetary Fund, it was about 75 130 US dollars). The country with the shortest average life expectancy (83.5 1 year): Swaziland (in 2006, the average life expectancy was 33.22 years), the youngest country in the world and Nepal (announced the abolition of the monarchy on May 28, 2008) have the longest national anthem. The shortest national anthem: Bahrain's national anthem-Bahrain's Our Bahrain (only seven bars) The shortest national anthem: Uganda's national anthem is only eight bars. The oldest national flag: Denmark's big white cross flag. Longest border: the border between the United States and Canada (64 1 6km long). The earliest country in a day: Kiribati (the only country crossing the international international date line). The country with the most dates: Iraq (198 1). The country with the most coconuts: the Philippines (1). 4) The earliest country to grow coffee: Ethiopia's largest rubber producer: Thailand's largest banana producer: Philippines' largest palm oil producer: Malaysia's largest producer and exporter of corn, soybeans and cotton: the United States' largest producer of coffee, sugar cane and citrus: Brazil's world's largest exporter of wool and sheep and the country with the largest reserves of bauxite, lead, zinc, uranium and nickel: Australia's richest country: Switzerland (. The country with the largest number of cattle: India (about 300 million, accounting for1/5 of the total number of cattle in the world); Australia (more than 200 million, per capita 1.25 million); And Finland (about 60,000 lakes). Known as the "country of thousands of lakes", the country with the most islands: Indonesia (consisting of 13667 islands of different sizes, of which 6000 are habitable) The country with the most volcanoes: the country with the most expensive water in Indonesia: the northernmost country in Kuwait: the southernmost city in Finland: the country with the highest proportion of disabled people in ushuaia: the country with the highest average altitude in Angola: the country with the lowest terrain in Lesotho: the country with the highest peak in the Netherlands.

administrative division

The northernmost capital: Reykjavik, the southernmost capital of Iceland: Wellington, the westernmost and easternmost capital of New Zealand: Suva, the highest capital of Fiji: La Paz, Bolivia; Quito, the capital of Eldo, South America. The largest cities: People's Republic of China (PRC) and Hulunbeier, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (263, 953 square kilometers) The smallest city: Dinglilliput, madero, the northernmost city in The Hague, the Netherlands: Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway (located at 78 degrees north latitude) The most densely populated northernmost town: New Olsen, the southernmost city in Svalbard, Norway: ushuaia, Argentina (located at 54 degrees 50 minutes south latitude) The earliest city to tell the time with flowers: Ap Chau, a densely populated island in Geneva (Hong Kong, Area 1.3 km2, with 90,000 residents and population density of 60,000 per km2) The most densely populated city: Male (Maldives, with 469,800 residents and 48 people per km2), 007 people) The highest population density area: Mong Kok (Hong Kong) (average density10.3 million people/square kilometer) The lowest population density area: Greenland (average density is only 0. 1 person/square kilometer) The largest administrative division: Saha * * and the most populous administrative division in the Republic of China (area 365438 The city with the lowest female fertility rate: Hong Kong (with an average of 0.95 babies per woman) The city with the highest GDP in the world: Tokyo (1 19 1 billion dollars in 2008) The most populous city in the world: Tokyo (35.6 million people in 2008) The largest urban agglomeration in the world: Tokyo. ) The city with the highest GDP per capita in the world: new york (US$ 665,438+0,000 in 2008) The city with the largest number of skyscrapers in the world: new york (with 35 skyscrapers over 200 meters) The city with the most developed economy in the world: new york's skyline with the highest density and width in the world: Hong Kong-the calculation method is equivalent to the sum of all building heights minus the minimum of 90 meters or 295 feet. (in meters, excluding the spire). The height of the independence tower is half of theirs.

mineral

The country with the largest gold reserves: South Africa (accounting for 3/5 of the value of metal mining), the country with the richest oil resources: Saudi Arabia, the country with the richest phosphate; Morocco, the country with the richest rare earth mines: China, the country with the richest coal mines; China, the largest natural diamond producing area: Australia (the diamond production is 37.4 million carats, accounting for 34% of the world's total diamond production).

other

The largest delta: Ganges Delta (with a total area of about 70,000 square kilometers) The earliest national park: Huangshi National Park (established in 1872) The longest ocean current: Antarctic circulation (up to 2 1 10,000 kilometers) The largest wetland: Pantanal Wetland (with a total area of 242,000 square kilometers) The largest independent rock.

The best creature

animal

The largest animal: the blue whale (with an average body length of 30m and a weight of160t); The largest land animal: African elephant (average weight 7 tons); The tallest land animal: giraffe (average height 5 meters); The most primitive mammal in existence, an oviparous animal; Platypus; The warmest animal with fur: polar bear; The biggest cat: Siberian tiger (height 1m or more). The tail is about 1 meter, and the weight can reach more than 350 kilograms. ) The terrestrial mammal with the largest mouth: hippopotamus, the cleverest animal: dolphin, the animal with the longest male reproductive organ: African elephant (the reproductive organ is 2 meters long), the largest bird: ostrich (the average height is 2.5 meters, and the heaviest weight can reach 155 kg), and the largest bird: Cory bird (the body length is about 18 kg) Birds with the longest wings: albatross (wings spread 2-3 meters) The earliest birds: Kong Zi bird, Liaoning bird and Hualong sauropod (200-300 million years ago, the former two belonged to the same era, both of which were tens of millions of years earlier than archaeopteryx, but whether Hualong sauropod is a dragon or a bird is still controversial. ) The bird with the largest mouth: Toucan (the mouth is 24cm long and 9cm wide) The smallest bird: Hummingbird flies the highest: Swan (as high as17000m) The coldest bird: Penguin lays the largest egg: ostrich has the largest cell: ostrich has the largest egg cell wing: Four-winged bird (living in Senegal, western Gambia and southern Zaire) has the largest cartilage. The fastest animal on land: cheetah (up to 130 km/h); the fastest marine animal: swordfish (up to 190 km/h); the fastest flying animal: frigate bird (up to 4 18 km/h); the highest dog breed: Irish wolfhound (up to 60 km/h) The tallest dog: Great Dane (usually more than 76 cm tall); The oldest living thing: the tongue shell (450 million years ago); The largest jellyfish: Arctic jellyfish (crown diameter 2.5 meters); The lowest multicellular animal: sponge; Snail (* *) has 14 175 teeth) The largest spider: bird spider The most common worm: the longest mollusk: the king squid (a squid recently discovered in Antarctica) The largest tadpole: unreasonable (the total length of tadpoles produced is more than 25 cm, But frogs are only 7 cm long) Animals with the most feet: millipedes (700 feet) The longest insects: stick insects (more than 30 cm long) The most exquisite insects that build nests: the insects with the strongest flying ability of bees: locusts (which can fly continuously for nearly 10 hours every day) The fastest crawling insects: cockroaches, insects with the most eyes: dragonflies (each compound eye consists of 280, 000 eye crystals) The most harmful insects to human beings: mosquitoes (because of the diseases they spread, three million people were killed in one year) The most powerful insects: dung beetles (which can support or drag away objects equivalent to 1 14 1 times their own weight) Fighting experts in the insect world: mantis's strangest fish: Kloc-0/ 1m, distance: 1000m) The fish with the strongest discharge ability: electric eel (the highest voltage can reach 800v when discharged) The fish that lays the most eggs: Mola (which can lay 300 million eggs at a time) The laziest fish: male? ? ? ? The largest amphibian in fish: giant salamander, the largest reptile: saltwater crocodile (the longest can reach more than 8 meters), the most primitive reptile: spotted wedge-toothed lizard, the longest snake: python (the longest length is 14.85 meters, Lizards can weigh up to 447 kilograms) The most discolored lizard: the most poisonous snake: sea snake (80 times as toxic as cyanide) The oldest animal: turtle (the oldest turtle has been found to be over 300 years old) The largest dinosaur: Zhenlong (42 meters long and weighing about 130 tons) The cleverest dinosaur: odontosaurus (IQ as high as 5.3) The stupidest. The widest dinosaur: Ankylosaurus (body length does not exceed 10 m), the ugliest dinosaur: the most powerful dinosaur: Allosaurus, Tyrannosaurus Rex, the most toothed: Duckbilled Dragon (960), the smallest dinosaur: New Jaw Dragon (60 cm long, Birds with the longest wings (weighing 5.5 kg): albatrosses (generally reaching 3. 17 m) and slowest animals: sloths with three toes (speed 100 m/h); animals with the longest hibernation time: Dormouse (hibernating for 5-6 months); mammals with the shortest pregnancy time: Daur pika (pregnant) The biggest animal of rice: chimpanzee Ham (the maximum length into the anus can reach 33cm and the maximum weight can reach 3kg); the smallest frog: dwarf frog (the average length is 1 1.4mm); the heaviest cow: a British charolais cattle named Field Marshall. At the age of 8 in 2009, it was 1.67 tons. The largest catfish: It was caught by Italian Roberto Mantova in Riverbo, weighing 250 pounds (226 Jin).