how much did the Qing government compensate the great powers?

In p>1841, the Sino-British Peace Treaty of Guangzhou compensated Britain for 6.3 million silver dollars, about 4.4 million taels of silver.

In p>1842, the Chinese and British treaty of nanking compensated Britain for 21 million silver dollars, which was about 14.7 million silver dollars.

in p>1843, China and Britain renewed the contract with treaty of nanking, and paid 6.7 million taels of silver to Britain.

The Sino-British Treaty of Tianjin in p>1858 compensated Britain for 4 million taels of silver.

The Tianjin Treaty between China and France in p>1858 compensated France for 2 million taels of silver.

In p>186, the Sino-British Treaty of Beijing compensated Britain for 13 million taels of silver.

The Beijing Treaty between China and France in p>186 compensated France for 8 million taels of silver.

The Yantai Treaty between China and Britain in p>1876 compensated Britain for 22, silver

The Ili Treaty between China and Russia in p>1881 compensated Russia for 9 million rubles and 5.92 million silver

The treaty of shimonoseki between China and Japan in 1895 compensated Japan for 22 million silver

The Liaonan Treaty between China and Japan in 1895 compensated Japan for 3, yuan. The annual interest rate of compensation is 4% (4%), which will be paid off in 39 years. The principal and interest are 982,238,152 (982,238,15).

with the interest * * * above, it is nearly 1.3 billion taels of silver, which is only the compensation data of these famous treaties. If all the unequal treaties add up, the amount is staggering. These huge indemnities left the Qing Dynasty with a financial deficit and had to borrow money from foreign banks. The money expanded the ranks of the great powers, and the money increased the burden on the people. Japan quickly became a military power with 23 million taels of silver as military expenditure from the Qing government.

After China declared war on Germany and Austria in World War I, it stopped paying boxer indemnity to these two countries. At the same time, Russia announced that it would suspend the "indemnity" for five years. In May 1924, the Soviet Union renounced boxer indemnity. At the end of 1924, the American government announced that it would return boxer indemnity for the second time, and all the remaining reparations to the United States would be returned in full. In 1925, France, Japan, Britain, Belgium, Italy, the Netherlands and other countries announced that they would return the balance of compensation, and concluded an agreement to use it for handling educational and cultural undertakings in China, or for operating expenses of foreign banks and issuing domestic debt funds. The actual use of this kind of returned Geng funds, except the Soviet Union, is presided over by the Chinese-foreign joint management committee. In fact, the China government still has to collect reparations from the United States, Britain, Japan, France, Belgium, Italy, the Netherlands and Norway, and pay them to the management committees controlled by these countries. Until the indemnity payment ended in 1938, the actual indemnity payment was 652.37 million yuan (652.37 million yuan), which was about one billion yuan.