Heisenberg's name is always associated with his theory of quantum mechanics. He was only 23 years old when this theory was published. He also won the 1932 Nobel Prize in Physics (awarded in 1933) for putting forward this theory and its application (especially the discovery of the spin isomer of hydrogen).

Heisenberg's new theory is based entirely on the observation of atomic radiation. He believes that at a given point in time, the position of the electron cannot be determined and its trajectory cannot be traced, so Bohr's assumed electron orbit does not exist. Mechanical quantities such as position and velocity cannot be described by ordinary numbers, but they can be expressed by abstract mathematical structures, namely matrices. Heisenberg gave his new theory (matrix mechanics) in matrix form.

Since then, Heisenberg put forward the famous "uncertainty principle" (also known as "Heisenberg uncertainty principle"). In the quantum mechanical system, the position and momentum of moving particles cannot be determined at the same time.

During his stay in Leipzig, Heisenberg made great contributions to nuclear physics. He introduced the internal symmetric quantum numbers (1932, 1933) into the elementary particle theory, and developed the ferromagnetic theory (1928). Wolfgang Pauli made a pioneering study on quantum field theory.

Heisenberg and john wheeler are both founders of S-matrix (1942, 1944). He studied the basic length model of quantum field theory (1938) very early. In the1940s, he also studied cosmic rays and the ion fragments produced by them, which led to the rapid discovery of the first meson in Britain.

From 65438 to 0957, Heisenberg's research interests turned to plasma physics and high-temperature nuclear reactions, and he worked closely with the International Institute of Atomic Physics in Geneva. He served as the chairman of the Science Policy Committee of the Institute and has been a member of the Committee. After he became the chairman of Humboldt Foundation on 1953, he did a lot of promotion work for the Foundation. He invited scientists from all over the world to Germany and assisted them in their research work in Germany.

Since 1953, his theoretical work has been biased towards the unified field theory of elementary particles, which is the key to his understanding of elementary particle physics.

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honour

In addition to the Max Planck Medal, the German Federal Cross and the Nobel Prize in Physics, Heisenberg was awarded honorary doctorates by Brussels University, Karlsruhe University and Budapest University.

He is a member of the Royal Society of London, a member of many scientific societies in Gottingen, Bavaria, Saxony, Prussia, Sweden, Romania, Norway, Spain, the Netherlands, Rome and the United States, and an academician of the German Academy of Sciences and the Italian Academy of Sciences. 1953 became the chairman of Humboldt foundation.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Werner Heisenberg