Li Fanghua (193265438+1October 6-202065438+1October 24), female, was born in China, party member, CPC. Famous physicist, expert in electron microscopy, one of the pioneers of electron diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy in China, academician of China Academy of Sciences (1993), academician of Third World Academy of Sciences, researcher of Institute of Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and doctoral supervisor.
1950 Li Fanghua was admitted to the Physics Department of Wuhan University; 1956 After graduating from the Physics Department of Leningrad University in the former Soviet Union, he returned to China and worked in the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He has served as a research intern, assistant researcher, associate researcher and researcher; 1960 began to engage in scientific research independently, and used his own modified equipment to analyze and study the structure of electron diffraction single crystals. He was the first in China to analyze the diffraction structure of single crystal and determine the position of hydrogen atom in the crystal; 1982 went to the department of applied physics of osaka university in Japan as a visiting scholar; 1993 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences; 1996 chairman of China electron microscope society; 1998 was elected as an academician of the Third World Academy of Sciences; In 2003, she won the World Outstanding Female Scientist Achievement Award, which was the first China scientist to win this honor. Won the second prize of National Natural Science Award in 2005; In 2009, he won the Science and Technology Progress Award of He Liang Heli Fund.
Li Fanghua is mainly engaged in diffraction physics, high-resolution electron microscopy and crystallography. He has made important contributions to the study of contrast theory and image processing theory and method of high-resolution electron microscope images, the determination of microcrystalline structure, the determination of atomic resolution crystal defects, and the study of quasicrystallography.
On June 24th, 65438, Mr. Li Fanghua died in Beijing at the age of 88.
Chinese name: Li Fanghua.
Nationality: China.
Place of birth: Hong Kong
Date of birth:1932 65438+1October 6th.
Date of death: 65438+2020124 October.
Occupation: teaching and scientific research worker
Department of Physics, Leningrad University, USSR.
Main achievements: 1993 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
1998 was elected as an academician of the Third World Academy of Sciences.
Representative works: electron crystallography and image processing.
Native place: Deqing County, Guangdong Province
Character experience
1932 65438+1October 6th, Li Fanghua was born in Hong Kong, and because his father had a business partnership in Hong Kong, he settled in Hong Kong. His father, Li Jiong, took part in the Revolution of 1911 in his early years and served as Major General of the Fourth Army of the National Revolutionary Army.
1937, after the lugouqiao incident, their family moved to Deqing county, Guangdong province in order to avoid the Japanese invaders.
1938, for the sake of her children's studies, her mother returned to Hong Kong with her younger brother and herself. A year later, she moved to Shanghai with her neighbors, and three years later, she moved to her grandmother's house in Beijing. She studied in the girls' middle school affiliated to Fu Jen Catholic University in Beiping (now BeijingNo. 156 Middle School).
1947, my mother took her and her brother back to Guangzhou, and my father arranged for her to attend the second grade of Peidao Girls' Middle School.
65438-0949, when Li Fanghua graduated from high school, she was recommended to the Physics Department of Lingnan University and admitted to the Astronomy Department of Sun Yat-sen University. In September, she entered Lingnan University. Because the teacher often lectures in English and often consults English reference books after class, she improves her English reading ability. In June 5438+10, Guangzhou was liberated, and public schools opened. She transferred to the Astronomy Department of Sun Yat-sen University. However, due to the frequent suspension of classes and drumming, she went to the street to do political propaganda, so she wanted to change to a school where she studied more.
1950, Li Fanghua was admitted to the Physics Department of Wuhan University, still in Grade One.
1952, the state selected sophomores from colleges and universities to take the examination of walking to study in the Soviet Union. Wuhan University recommended Li Fanghua to take the exam, and he was admitted. In March, Li Fanghua entered the Soviet Preparatory Department of Beijing Russian Specialized School, majoring in Russian. In the autumn of the same year, he went to the Soviet Union and joined the Physics Department of Leningrad University of the former Soviet State University. At that session, there were three former physics students in Tsinghua, namely Qing, Gu Yifan and Huang Shengnian. In order to shorten the study period, Li Fanghua and the four of them worked together for the placement of the second grade, which was approved by the dean.
1955, under the guidance of his teacher mi _ ya _ lums(мумш?), Li Fanghua began to prepare his graduation thesis, entitled "Study on Electron Diffraction of Bismuth Thin Films by In-situ Evaporation".
From 65438 to 0956, Li Fanghua graduated from the Physics Department of Leningrad University in the Soviet Union.
1960, Shi (then director of the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) arranged for Li Fanghua to independently carry out electron diffraction research, so that she could take root in the scientific knowledge she learned in the Soviet Union in China. She chose the structural analysis of "single crystal electron diffraction", which is still blank in China.
From June 1982 to June/65438 10, Li Fanghua went to the Department of Applied Physics of Osaka University in Japan as a visiting scholar (until May 1983), and took with him two new domestic minerals: Yellow River mineral and bastnaesite, hoping to make new discoveries on domestic minerals by using Japanese ultra-high resolution electron microscope.
1984, Li Fanghua's research group's project "Establishment of lattice image and direct observation of crystal structure" won the second prize of China Academy of Sciences Science and Technology Achievement Award.
199 1, Li Fanghua won the Ye Sunqi Physics Prize of the Chinese Physical Society.
1992, Li Fanghua won the Hashimoto Tōru Prize (individual prize) of China Electron Microscope Society.
1993, Li Fanghua was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
From 65438 to 0996, Li Fanghua served as the chairman of China Electron Microscopy Society (until 2000).
From 65438 to 0998, Li Fanghua was elected as an academician of the Third World Academy of Sciences.
In 2002, on her 70th birthday, the academic journal of the International Society for Electron Microscopy published a special issue to celebrate. I took a photo of working in the conference room of Institute of Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences 20 years ago. On the right is Academician Li Fanghua and on the left is Academician Fan Haifu. Fan Haifu is an academician of the China Academy of Sciences and the Third World Academy of Sciences. He is also the husband of Academician Li Fanghua.
On February 27th, 2003, Li Fanghua won the L 'Oré al-UNESCO World Outstanding Female Scientist Achievement Award, which was the first China scientist to win an award.
In 2009, Li Fanghua won the Science and Technology Progress Award of He Liang Heli Fund; The monograph Electronic Crystallography and Image Processing written in the same year was published.
The death of a character
65438+21:27 On October 24th, 2020/kloc-0, Mr. Li Fanghua, the producer of China, academician of China Academy of Sciences, famous physicist, electron microscope and researcher of Institute of Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, died in Beijing at the age of 88.
Major achievements
achievements in scientific research
1985, Li Fanghua deduced a new practical approximate analytical expression of high-resolution image intensity, established a practical image contrast theory, and solved the theoretical basic problem of applying electronic crystallography image processing to practice. Her research has promoted the development of related disciplines, provided information on the crystal structure of new materials, and helped to draw the law of the relationship between material properties, structure and technology. Her research contents include:
(1) high resolution electron microscope and electron crystallography.
In the early 1960s, Li Fanghua first carried out the work of determining the single crystal structure by electron diffraction in China, and determined the position of hydrogen atom in the crystal for the first time in China. The relevant literature is still cited by foreign counterparts.
In 1970s, Li Fanghua cooperated with Fan Haifu to explore the combination of diffraction method and high-resolution electron microscope, and created new image processing theory and technology in high-resolution electron microscope. Later, she and her students established the unpacking technology based on the maximum entropy principle. It provides an important method to determine the structure of tiny crystals. At present, it has been successfully applied to determine the crystal structure of high temperature superconductors and other materials.
During his study in Japan in 1980s, Li Fanghua summed up new experimental rules and developed a method to determine the position of light atoms. On this basis, after returning to China, she put forward a new image contrast theory: "Pseudo-weak phase approximation", which clarified the relationship between image intensity and crystal thickness for the first time and revealed the changing law of image intensity of different atoms, which was the theoretical basis of the above image processing technology. Under the guidance of this theory, Li Fanghua and others observed lithium atoms in crystals for the first time. In addition, she also participated in the early high-resolution electron microscope study of high-temperature superconducting materials, and was one of the first groups in the world to report whether bismuth-based superconductors have commensurability modulation structures.
(2) Quasicrystals
The research group led by Li Fanghua first discovered and reported the almost continuous transformation process between quasicrystals and crystals, and she gave a theoretical explanation. Li Fanghua derived some formulas reflecting the relationship between quasicrystals and crystals with the help of corresponding variable fields, and on this basis, put forward a new method to determine the structure of quasicrystals and a method to find local corresponding variables in quasicrystals. And successfully applied to Al-Cu-Li and Al-Mn-Si quasicrystals.
(3) Crystal defects
Aiming at the newly developed field emission electron microscope, Li Fanghua put forward a new research direction of atomic resolution crystal defect determination. At present, the 60-degree dislocation at the interface of SiGe/Si epitaxial film has been successfully measured by her method, which can be divided into 90-degree and 30-degree incomplete dislocations and a stacking fault between them. This is also the first time to report the defect of atomic resolution at the interface of SiGe/Si epitaxial film.
Up to 2005, Li Fanghua's research achievements have won more than 10 academic awards, including the National Natural Science Award, the Natural Science Award of China Academy of Sciences, and the Leaf Physics Award of Chinese Physical Society.
Li Fanghua has published more than 200 papers.
personnel training
By the end of 20 17, Li Fanghua had independently and jointly trained 8 postgraduate students and 30 doctoral students. She was invited to attend various international academic conferences to give academic reports for nearly 40 times, served as a professor in international research classes for many times, and was invited to give lectures in more than a dozen universities and research institutions such as the United States, Britain and Japan.
Honor recognition
social service
Personal life
Li Fanghua's husband Fan Haifu is also a crystal physicist and an academician of the China Academy of Sciences and the Third World Academy of Sciences. The couple always respect each other in their family life. In the early 1980s, Fan Haifu suffered from spinal hemangioma, and the nerves below the waist were damaged. Li Fanghua tried his best to undertake most of the housework. Because of her busy work, she gave up a lot of rest time. Apart from the news, she doesn't watch other TV programs and hardly goes shopping.
Li Fanghua suffered from bradycardia in the long and arduous scientific research work. In early 2003, she installed a pacemaker, but she still didn't stop working and thinking. When she is engaged in research, she never forgets to adjust her spare time. Every Thursday, she will join the old choir of Chinese Academy of Sciences. On weekends, she can often be heard singing bel canto in the laboratory. Li Fanghua's accomplishment in literature is also very good. At the get-together of the unit, Li Fanghua's specialty is improvising poetry, which can often adjust the atmosphere of the scene very harmoniously.
Personality assessment
Li Fanghua is a diligent and rigorous scholar, but she is by no means a "strong woman" without femininity. She is elegant, friendly, humorous, loves singing and can play Tai Ji Chuan. She is an optimist by nature. (Sohu Women's Review)
Li Fanghua is the best scientist in Asia in this field. She won the World Outstanding Female Scientist Achievement Award, which not only filled the gap of China's award, but also showed the world China's great achievements in the field of physics. (Comments by Wei Jue, Judge of the L 'Oré al-UNESCO World Outstanding Female Scientist Achievement Award)
Li Fanghua is a pioneer in the analysis of single crystal electron diffraction structure in China and one of the representatives of the establishment and development of high-resolution electron microscopy in China. The theories and analytical methods of high-resolution electron microscopy and electron crystallography developed by her occupy an important international position in this field. (Evaluation by National Natural Science Foundation of China)