Several successors of Biao Luo are different, and they all stayed in the regiment. Nikisch took over the baton in 1895, and continued to firmly influence the style of the orchestra for 27 years. He once wrote: "It can be said without hesitation that in a first-class orchestra, every member deserves to be described as an artist." It is with this belief that he encouraged Berlin musicians to cultivate a "soloist" mentality, which became an unambiguous symbol of Berlin Philharmonic. 1954165438+1October, Futvingler died. In April of the following year, Berlin Philharmonic elected a new artistic director, who was the longest-serving and most influential master of the orchestra since its establishment, that is, karajan, known as "the emperor's conductor". He worked closely with the orchestra and made every effort to come up with unique and unprecedented perfect music. The solid foundation makes the orchestra highly respected at home and abroad. Whether playing in a concert hall or recording countless records, it is a treasure house of music.
Moreover, karajan has opened up many new directions for the orchestra. 1967, Salzburg Easter Music Festival was established. Since then, the orchestra has its own international music festival and won the opportunity to become an opera orchestra. The next new idea is to open the Berlin Philharmonic Philharmonic Academy, so that young talented instrumental musicians can learn from practice to meet the strict requirements of top orchestras. The new Philharmonic Concert Hall was also built in the karajan era. Starting from 1963 10, the orchestra is headquartered in the concert hall designed by this salon; 1987, an indoor concert hall was added to the concert hall. However, in the last stage of karajan's term, there was a conflict with some artists in the orchestra, because karajan insisted on hiring clarinet player Mrs. Meyer as the orchestra's chief clarinet. However, most musicians in the orchestra think that Mrs Meyer's timbre can't blend well with the rest of the orchestra. This situation eventually developed into the democratic movement of the orchestra. The orchestra hopes that the highest right of the orchestra should be the general assembly of the whole orchestra instead of karajan, the music director and lifelong conductor. This incident directly led to the break between the "conductor" and the Berlin Philharmonic, and he resigned from the Berlin Philharmonic on 1989. Karajan later cooperated with the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, which is as famous as Berlin Philharmonic. During this period, both of them recorded many records, the most famous of which were works by Tchaikovsky, brukner and dvorak. Generally speaking, karajan has played a decisive role in the development of Berlin Philharmonic. It was during his term of office that Berlin Philharmonic became the first symphony orchestra in the world, and has remained dominant ever since. 1July, 989, karajan died suddenly. A few months later, members of the whole orchestra voted collectively to elect karajan's successor, Italian conductor claudio abbado. Abbado conducted Berlin Philharmonic for the first time in 1966, and successively served as artistic director of Scala Opera House, chief conductor of London Symphony Orchestra, chief guest conductor of Chicago Symphony Orchestra, and artistic director of vienna state opera, and had long-term cooperation with another world first orchestra, the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra. After abbado came to power, he carried out a drastic reform on the administrative management of the orchestra's repertoire, while maintaining the German-Austrian repertoire emphasized in karajan's period, he staged a large number of modernist works. Let Berlin Philharmonic become a truly omnipotent orchestra. In terms of orchestra management, abbado is more democratic and friendly than karajan. The general meeting of all members becomes the highest authority of the orchestra and decides the major resolutions of the orchestra. The artistic director is responsible for the arrangement of the music season and some administrative work. When hiring a new musician, it must be reviewed by the chief voice of the band.
In timbre, abbado's Berlin Philharmonic is more vivid and brighter than karajan's. Abbado's contribution to Berlin Philharmonic mainly includes: maintaining the high level and international reputation of Berlin Philharmonic in karajan's era, and making more changes in timbre. Secondly, it broadens the repertoire of Berlin Philharmonic, especially the interpretation of Mahler and some modernist works. In addition, the Berlin Philharmonic has identified three major concerts in the regular music season, namely the European concert in May, the summer forest concert in June, and the New Year concert in June 65438+February.
1998 February abbado suffered from stomach cancer due to overwork, and announced that he would no longer be the chief conductor of the orchestra after the end of the 200 1-2002 music season. Simon Ratt, the new conductor of the orchestra, is one of the most disturbing conductors among the younger generation. His joining has injected new vitality into the orchestra, but also brought a heavier crisis. One of the most important things is to formally transform the orchestra into an organization bound by public law-Berlin Philharmonic Foundation, which is supervised and protected by the Berlin city-state. This has established the most modern framework for the orchestra, giving it brand-new creative freedom and stable finance. Deutsche Bank is the main sponsor of the orchestra and further supports the foundation. Another support came from the Berlin Philharmonic Friends Association.
In the 2003-2004 season, the Berlin Philharmonic Foundation arranged 13 1 concerts, of which only 86 were performed by Berlin Philharmonic. Besides, the Foundation only planned an educational activity called "Zukunft @ b Phil" ("Zukunft" means future and prospect in German). This activity is of great significance to Rath and the orchestra, and music and music education can be brought to a wider audience through this activity. Rath made this idea very clear: "Zukunft@BPhil reminds us that music is not a luxury, but a basic need. Music should be an extremely important and indispensable component in everyone's life. " After the orchestra has experienced a history of 120 years, this activity marks that the orchestra has expanded its cultural mission, and now the orchestra is fully fulfilling this mission with consistent persistence.