China ancient toy "water bird" is like a perpetual motion machine, which once amazed the great scientist Einstein. The image of "water-drinking bird" appeared in public for the last time in a foreign popular science book in 1930s, and then disappeared. When was this mysterious "drinking bird" invented? Not tested; Is there circulation among the people? I don't know, with the help of some information at that time, we found some sporadic memories about this toy. I hope interested readers can help us find or "resurrect" this mysterious bird and let more modern people share the wisdom of the ancients. The large-scale "China Classical Physics Toy Exhibition", which started in July 2005, has entered an intense preparatory stage. According to Teacher Yu, director of the Educational Toys Committee of Beijing Toys Association, they are eager to find a lost toy "drinking bird", or hope that someone with a heart can "resurrect" this toy and let this magical "drinking bird" meet the children at the exhibition. Are ancient toys perpetual motion machines? As soon as I met Mr. Yu, he excitedly described the legendary toy to me. According to Teacher Yu, this ancient toy in China looks like a bird, and its main body is made of glass. Its body is a glass tube, the upper end of the tube is a small ball, which is the head of a bird, and the lower end of the tube is a big ball, which is the tail of a bird. The ball is filled with liquid, and the lower end of the tube is submerged under the liquid surface. The whole bird is closed and stands on a seat similar to a bird's leg. It has a sharp mouth on its head and feathers on its tail. In order to hide the secrets of the bird, its body was painted black. And its magic is that if you put a glass of water in front of the bird, the bird will bend down, soak its mouth in the water, "drink" it, and then stand up. But when it stands upright for a while, it will bend down again. When its beak is immersed in water, it will "drink water" and stand upright. In this way, it keeps nodding and drinking water, just like a perpetual motion machine. But perpetual motion machine is impossible in scientific theory, so what is going on? Einstein was also amazed at this, and even Einstein, the greatest scientist of our time, was surprised. Teacher Yu said that according to the Interesting Physics Sequel edited by the famous popular science writer in the former Soviet Union, it was mentioned that someone had given Dr. Einstein the bird drinking collection of this painting and told him that scientists did not say that perpetual motion was impossible. Now let you look at this perpetual motion machine. When Einstein saw and understood its principle, he was really amazed at the ingenious design of the "drinking bird". Therefore, this toy is called "a toy that Einstein was also surprised by". Of course, this toy is not a perpetual motion machine. It can always nod to drink water because it contains complex physical principles. It turns out that the liquid in the "drinking bird" is a volatile liquid such as ether, which is easy to evaporate at high temperature, and the pressure generated by the saturated steam of the liquid will change dramatically with the change of temperature. A. When the head is cold, the air pressure drops, and the liquid at the tail rises along the neck due to suction. In this way, the weight of the head is increasing, the weight of the tail is decreasing, and the position of the center of gravity has changed. When the center of gravity exceeds the fulcrum of the tripod and moves to the head, the bird bends down to the equilibrium position. This position can be adjusted by the weight of the beak. B. the head is lowered and two internal changes occur. First, soak the mouth of the "water bird" in water to make the bird's head wet. Second, the upper and lower steam zones are connected, and there is no pressure difference between the two parts of gas, but the temperature of steam rises slightly because it absorbs the heat of the surrounding air. At this time, the liquid rising to the head flows to the lower end and the tail under its own weight. C. The tail becomes heavier, the head tilts upward, and all the liquid is concentrated in the tail. At the same time, the steam in the head began to cool again because of the water that had just stuck. It turns out that the heat of the surrounding air absorbed by the "water-drinking bird" head is the driving force for this wonderful "water-drinking bird" to move. It is precisely because it uses the energy that is imperceptible around it that it will be mistaken for a perpetual motion machine. Teacher Yu said that he first heard about this toy in America a few years ago. Because of her work, Ms. Yu often attends the annual games conference held by China Classical Puzzle Games Foundation in the United States. When attending these annual meetings, Mr. Yu found that Americans were very interested in this toy. Later, Mr. Yu looked for it in many places in China, but he couldn't find it. According to teacher Yu, Barjman mentioned this kind of toy in the sequel of Interesting Physics written by 1936, and it was also mentioned in Toys and Science edited by Professor Ryonami Sakai of Tohoku University, which means that this kind of "drinking bird" existed at least in the 1930s. But who and when it was invented is not recorded. Ancient toys represent traditional culture. Teacher Yu said that many people advocate the promotion of China's traditional culture, and China's ancient toys are an excellent representative. There are many ancient toys with rich scientific knowledge in our country. Compared with today's video games, they are just as interesting, and they won't keep children indoors all day, which is good for health and character formation. Let children know some scientific knowledge while playing with these toys. Toys that surprised Einstein (May 2006)-. It once puzzled a generation of physics master Einstein, but disappeared for half a century. Can modern people find traces of it? Can the mystery of half a century be solved? Please follow our footsteps and tirelessly look for toys that surprise Einstein. So a waterfowl tirelessly looking for clues. The legend in reality is that since June 2005, Mr. Yu of Beijing Toy Association has never stopped. According to the plan, the China Ancient Toys Exhibition will be held in August of the same year. As a member of the organizing committee, Yu has been busy collecting exhibits for this exhibition. By the beginning of July, most of the planned exhibits were ready, but I was still worried because a very important exhibit had not yet been made. What am I looking for? It turned out that he was looking for a toy called "water bird". The waterbird is a mysterious toy bird. It is said that as long as you put a little water in front of it, it will swing tirelessly. But for half a century, it has disappeared into the vast sea of people. No one has seen the true face of this toy bird, no matter Yu, his colleagues or others. My first impression of quenching thirst by drinking poison came from a Soviet physics book, Interesting Physics. The author of the book, Berandiman, a popular science writer in the Soviet Union at that time, recorded such a bird in the book: as long as there is water to drink, it can keep moving. So since the 1970s, we have embarked on the road to find this amazing bird. In the process of searching, he found that most of the records and descriptions about drinking poison to quench thirst came from foreign researchers, and they all explicitly called it "China drinking poison to quench thirst". What does this toy bird look like? Did it really originate in China, and was it the crystallization of the wisdom of the ancient people in China? If so, why is there no relevant historical record in China? In the past 30 years, I have consulted a lot of ancient books, but he has never been able to find the exact date of birth of this drinking bird. In the long chase, he heard another amazing thing. In the book Science and Toys written by a professor at Tokyo University, drinking birds is associated with Einstein. It is pointed out in the book that when someone gave Einstein a drinking bird, the wise master couldn't put it down and was surprised: "The perpetual motion machine appeared!" " Later, I also collected such drinking birds. This bird, which is neither exquisite handicraft nor high-tech product, has attracted the attention of a modern physicist. This magical toy tossed and turned in Einstein's hands, so it got a famous nickname; A toy that also surprised Einstein. From then on, waterfowl became famous, and some people called it "perpetual motion machine from China". As we all know, the principle of conservation of energy has been repeatedly verified by modern physics and has become a recognized principle. But the water bird sounds as if it is challenging this theory: it doesn't need the help of external forces such as machinery or modern energy such as electricity and magnetism, and it can keep moving as long as ordinary water is placed in front of it ... but what does the water bird rely on to achieve movement? Has the production process of quenching thirst by drinking poison been handed down? Can anyone else make this kind of toy in modern times? I have been troubled by such problems. Water bird water bird, however, before she started coming to us, we had called for a thousand times and urged for a thousand times. Seeing that this day is coming, there is no progress in finding this ancient toy. I am really worried. Although his colleagues constantly advised him not to bother about this toy, he was still unwilling to give up. In desperation, I thought of a way: using the internet, newspapers and other media to expand the search scope. Sure enough, the news of seeking to quench thirst with poison quickly got feedback, and a large number of letters and telephone calls poured in. The news of a netizen made Yu overjoyed. This netizen once saw a waterbird in the laboratory when he was studying at North China Electric Power University. So, the next day, I arrived at North China Electric Power University in Baoding, Hebei. In the physics laboratory of this university, he finally saw the bird in his dream. The bird in front of you is very similar in shape and action to that described in historical materials. But is its internal structure consistent with that of ancient mockingbirds? Because North China Electric Power University has only one collection, teachers have been reluctant to open it, and its internal structure is naturally unknown. But I understand that only by knowing what is in the bird's stomach can we know the secret of the bird's constant swinging. Although I am still puzzled, I am lucky to find such a toy bird. Since the school doesn't want the drinking birds to be taken away, it's ok to take a picture and bring it back to Beijing. But when Yu left North China Electric Power University and returned home, he received a phone call that made him both excited and surprised. An old teacher of North China Electric Power University provided such a clue: the drinking bird was bought by the school from an old craftsman named Sun Gui in Shenyang. Then, Sun Gui from Shenyang called and said that he made the water birds. This is really another village! But is Sun Gui really a producer who drinks poison to quench thirst? What does he have to do with drinking poison to quench thirst that spread all over the world? Find him, and the secret of quenching thirst will be revealed to the world? Drinking water bird drinking water bird, the true face of Lushan Mountain is finally revealed. The phone call from Shenyang left me with a grain of salt, but the day of the exhibition is imminent. In order not to give up any hope, he left for Shenyang early the next morning. As soon as I entered Sun Gui's home, I seemed to have entered a world of toy birds. Inside and out, up and down, filled with colorful toy birds. Are they the legendary drinking poison to quench thirst? Is Sun Gui the producer of Bird Drinking Collection? Sun Gui pointed to these toy birds and told Yu that these birds, like those he saw in North China Electric Power University, were all drinking birds he had made intermittently over the years. A wide variety of eating birds with different styles, a large number of written materials and Sun Gui's description of the production time all convince Sun Gui that he is the producer of these eating birds. But where did Sun Gui's craft come from? Sun Gui told Yu that this craft came from his childhood memories of his father's craft. At that time, Sun Gui's house smelled of ether everywhere. With these memories, Sun Gui fumbled to make waterfowl while recalling them. Sun Gui and his drinking bird are by no means perpetual motion machines. In fact, they skillfully use the thermodynamic principles in physics. Because ether is volatile, the temperature difference between the two ends can change the distribution of ether vapor in the glass tube, thus changing the center of gravity of waterfowl. Waterbirds keep drinking water, at the same time, their heads will be wet with water, and the evaporation of water in their heads will absorb the heat of the surrounding air, which will lead to the temperature difference again, prompting waterfowl to keep moving. In the subsequent experiments, Sun Gui also found that no matter adding ether or wine, or even ordinary water, water-drinking birds can keep moving. It's just that ether is more volatile and waterfowl exercise more frequently. It is easy to judge that the ancients probably made it with water or wine without ether. Two glass tubes, a little ether and some ordinary cotton can make a tireless bird. It sounds simple, but it is not easy to keep it moving. In order to retrieve the bird from memory, Sun Gui made great efforts and overcame many difficulties. For example, the balance of drinking birds is difficult to grasp, and the amount of ether added is difficult to determine. The attempt at that time was very unsuccessful. Some of these birds' initial movements last for a short time, while others are completely immobile. In order to solve these problems, Sun Gui had to experiment repeatedly and ask some physics teachers for help to find the law and create balance. After more than 20 years of hard work, Sun Gui finally mastered some production skills. To make the bird move, we must first master the amount of ether in the bird. Too much will make the body too heavy, too little will not drive the body to swing. The second is to find the balance point of the bird's body, and the best fulcrum can ensure the bird to move freely. Because the change of humidity and temperature in the air will affect the evaporation rate of water in the head of drinking birds, this bird has also become a weatherman. According to Sun Gui's memories and historical data collected in advance, it is inferred that drinking poison to quench thirst was born at least in the middle of Qing Dynasty. Knowing the specific structure of the bird's body and what is inside, all the mysteries seem to be gradually clear. At this time, the water bird exhibition finally appeared, and the time was close to the end of July 2005. In order to ensure that people can see different kinds of water-drinking birds at the China ancient toy exhibition in August, Sun Gui specially made a batch of new toy birds. On August 15, this magical toy that once surprised Einstein finally appeared in the exhibition and became the most eye-catching exhibit at the exhibition. Reference: /view/752866.htm? fr=ala0_ 1

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