Funds have broad and narrow definitions. Fund in a broad sense is the general name of institutional investors, including trust and investment funds, unit trust funds, provident funds, insurance funds, retirement funds and funds of various foundations. Funds in the existing securities market, including closed-end funds and open-end funds, have the characteristics of income function and value-added potential. From the accounting point of view, capital is a narrow concept, which refers to funds with specific purposes and uses.

Because the investors of government agencies and institutions do not require investment returns and investment recovery, but require funds to be used for designated purposes in accordance with the law or the wishes of the investors, funds are formed.

The funds we are talking about now usually refer to securities investment funds.

Securities investment fund refers to a collective investment method that collects the funds of many investors through the sale of fund shares to form independent assets, which are managed by fund custodians and fund managers and share the benefits and risks of securities investment in a combined way.

National debt, also known as national debt, is a creditor-debtor relationship formed by the state on the basis of its credit and in accordance with the general principles of debt.

National debt is a bond issued by the state, a government bond issued by the central government to raise financial funds, and a debt certificate issued by the central government to investors, which promises to repay the principal and interest within a certain period of time. Because the issuer of national debt is the country, it has the highest credit and is recognized as the safest investment tool.