TEC and its changes are not only important data for ionospheric morphology research, but also important parameters for ionospheric correction in precise positioning, navigation and radio wave science. It is an important parameter to describe the shape and structure of ionosphere, which is helpful to study the influence of ionosphere on electromagnetic wave propagation.

At present, there are Klobuchar model, Bent model, IRI model, ice model, FAIM model and so on. Global positioning system is the main measuring tool. In practical application, ionospheric prediction is to predict the electron content of grid points at a certain height above the ground at a certain time in the future. At present, in the world, electronic contents are usually given at intervals of 5 in the longitude direction and 2.5 in the latitude direction every two hours, so there are 5 184(72×72) grid points in the world every two hours, and the hardware errors of TEC and GPS measurements of the grid are obtained by least square fitting.