"What kind of principal there is, what kind of school there is", and what kind of educational thought there is.
The headmaster must be a thoughtful person. Thought is the courage to pursue the truth, with clear-cut political beliefs, ideals and beliefs, educational complex, correct educational value orientation, correct concept of running a school, life goals, dedication and sense of responsibility, a profound and comprehensive understanding of the school, teachers, students and society, and its own principles and style of dealing with people. The headmaster should have a distinct personality.
(2) Principals must establish correct and systematic educational ideas, which should be scientific, advanced, stable and enlightening, and constantly innovate and keep pace with the times. The principal's correct educational concept comes from studying educational theory and participating in educational practice, from the principles, policies, laws and regulations of the party and the state, and from the experience summary of himself and others. Therefore, the headmaster should study hard, be eager to learn and make progress, practice hard and sum up constantly, and learn from others with an open mind. The headmaster should always dissect himself, "save himself in three provinces" and keep pace with the times. In short, the principal should read more books, study more, practice more, study more, think more and summarize more, so as to make himself a thoughtful, principled, knowledgeable, cultivated, friendly, familiar with management, pragmatic and innovative, exemplary and beloved education expert.
Principals should insist on leading and guiding the school's administrative work, education and teaching work with correct ideas. The principal's leadership over the school is first of all ideological leadership, followed by administrative leadership and educational and teaching business leadership. Principals should use their correct and inspiring ideas to guide every link in the management process, influence and motivate teachers and students, and leave a deep impression on leaders and society. Of course, the principal should be consistent in words and deeds and appearance. He doesn't want to be kind and ugly, Marxism-Leninism to others, and freedom to himself.
When a principal has a correct concept of running a school, he can't put it on the shelf for discussion and help. Instead, he wants to implement it, turn it into a management behavior, and turn the correct idea into an action of himself, teachers and students. The concept of running a school should be written into the school's articles of association (school purpose), implemented in the school's rules and regulations, embodied in the school's work plan and development plan, and implemented in the decision-making, implementation, inspection and summary of school management. In short, the establishment, construction, management and development of a school should run through the correct educational concept and school-running spirit.
2. The headmaster should carefully formulate the school development plan and the school year or semester work plan. Planning or planning should be based on national laws and policies, combined with the actual situation of schools and communities, and implement the spirit of instructions from superiors; To make a plan or scheme, we should follow the following steps: ① diagnosis of the current situation of the school; ② School development forecast; (3) Determination of school development goals and tasks; (4) create conditions for school development; ⑤ The development prospect of the school; ⑥ Write the school development plan or plan. School planning (or plan) should include guiding ideology (school-running ideology), development (work) objectives, main tasks (projects), conditions creation and work measures, implementation steps, summary and evaluation methods, etc. The school development plan or work plan shall be made by the principal himself (the principal of a small-scale school shall also write in person), and teachers' meetings (including parents' representatives and community representatives) shall be held for discussion. After the formulation, it should be reported to the Education Bureau for the record. Before the formal implementation, it should be announced to all teachers, students, parents and the society. It is necessary to organize all teachers to study hard and unify their thinking, understanding, will and action. In the subsequent school operation process, it should be basically carried out according to the plan (planning), and at the same time, it should be checked and adjusted in time. After the implementation of the plan, it is necessary to sum up in time, affirm achievements, sum up experience, find problems, learn lessons and explore laws in order to promote future work. The headmaster should not despise the work of making plans, or shirk the responsibility and find someone to do it for him, or treat the plan as an eight-part essay and formalism. The result of this will inevitably lead to unplanned and unpredictable school work, random work, chaotic order, low efficiency, even full of contradictions and declining quality.
3. Principals should establish and improve the school management system with "principal responsibility system" as the core, improve the management mechanism, and implement unified will, responsibility, strict system, truth-seeking, democratic, harmonious, honest and efficient management.
① Correctly understand the connotation of "principal responsibility system". The principal responsibility system is the current internal leadership system of primary and secondary schools, which refers to an interconnected and unified management system composed of three parts: the principal is fully responsible for school work, the party branch at the grass-roots level of the party organization school ensures supervision, and the democratic management of teaching staff.
(2) Earnestly perform the duties of the principal and correctly exercise the functions and powers of the principal. The principal's responsibilities include the principal's work tasks and responsibilities. It is the principal's duty to perform his duties.
The principal's main tasks are: to fully implement the education policy formulated by the party and the state, conscientiously implement the instructions and decisions of the higher party committees, governments and education administrative departments, strive to run schools in accordance with the educational laws of the school, and formulate (revise) and implement the school's articles of association and various management rules and regulations; Formulate the school's development plan and school year and semester work plan and seriously organize their implementation; Responsible for teaching, ideological and moral education, sports and health, financial logistics, personnel organization and other school administrative work; Cooperate with school party organizations to support and guide the Communist Youth League, Young Pioneers, student unions, trade unions and other mass organizations to carry out their work; Do a good job in the construction of teachers; Handle foreign administrative affairs well.
The principal's responsibility can be summarized as political responsibility (the principal should consciously accept the political leadership and supervision of the party organization, maintain a high degree of political consistency with the CPC Central Committee, be politically responsible to the party, adhere to the socialist direction of running schools, and consciously implement the party's line, principles and policies); Administrative responsibility (the headmaster should act according to the authority and responsibility given by the higher administrative department. The principal has made outstanding achievements in his work and has been rewarded by the superior administrative department; If the headmaster neglects his duty in violation of the policy and causes serious losses to the school, the higher authorities will give administrative sanctions); Economic responsibility (the principal has the leadership responsibility for the public property of the school. Due to the school's economic losses caused by the principal's dereliction of duty, the higher authorities should give economic sanctions); Legal responsibility (the principal is the legal representative of the school and must act in accordance with the law in school work. The headmaster's work violates the laws of the state, causing heavy losses to state property or heavy casualties, and shall be punished by judicial organs according to law.
The functions and powers of the headmaster include decision-making, command, personnel and finance.
△ decision-making power. Principals have the right to make decisions on major issues of school administration in accordance with the educational policies of the party and the state and the relevant instructions of the higher authorities, combined with the actual situation of the school. Before the principal makes a decision, especially on major issues, he should hold various meetings to listen to opinions from all sides, and finally the principal will make a decision. The principal responsibility system is actually a system of collective research and individual decision-making. Party organizations in schools no longer exercise decision-making power (only exercise supervision power) over administrative work.
△ command. The principal is the highest commander of the school, and all departments and levels of the school are responsible step by step, and ultimately responsible to the principal. The headmaster has the right to assign different levels of tasks, and can authorize, delegate responsibilities, reward, punish and approve the work plans of various departments according to the management level, evaluate the effectiveness of their work, and correct their deviations from the guidelines, policies and implementation plans. In the process of performing the above duties, every member of the school must obey. The vice principal is an assistant to the principal, who helps the principal manage the school. The administrative organs, offices, grade groups and teaching and research groups of the school should complete various tasks under the leadership of the principal.
△ Personnel rights. The headmaster has the right to make suggestions to the competent department on the appointment and removal of the vice president, and to appoint and remove other administrative cadres according to regulations. The headmaster has the right to decide the appointment, use, assessment, rewards and punishments of faculty and staff. Major rewards and punishments for faculty and staff should be reported to the higher authorities for approval.
△ financial power. The headmaster has the right to arrange the use of school funds according to the provisions of the financial system. The headmaster has the right to decide the use plan (budget plan) of the school funds allocated by the state; The headmaster has the right to use self-raised funds (extra-budgetary funds) according to the actual needs (and budget plans) of the school; The headmaster has the right to establish a fund after reporting to the higher authorities for approval and use it according to the articles of association.
Principals should actively rely on and accept the supervision of the Party branch, improve management efficiency and reduce work mistakes. According to the "China * * * Producers' Party Constitution", with the implementation of the "one-long responsibility system", the party organizations of public institutions will gradually change from arranging instead to playing the role of guarantee and supervision. Accordingly, after the school implements the principal responsibility system, the work of the party organization is mainly as follows: First, strengthen the education, inspection, management and supervision of school administrative cadres on time. Party organizations in schools participate in the discussion on the nomination, appointment and dismissal of vice presidents and middle-level cadres, and check politically. Second, strengthen the Party building in schools, improve the quality of party member, give better play to party member's vanguard and exemplary role and the role of the Party branch as a fighting fortress, thus enhancing the Party's prestige among the masses. Do a good job in the ideological and political work of teaching staff. Strengthen the construction of spiritual civilization in schools. The ideological and political education of students is the educational work of the school and should be carried out under the unified leadership and command of the principal. The third is to participate in the decision-making of major issues in the school, ensure and supervise the implementation of the principles and policies of the party and the state, ensure the direction of running a socialist school, and ensure the all-round development of all students. Fourth, strengthen the leadership of mass organizations such as the Teachers' Congress, the Communist Youth League, the Young Pioneers and the Student Union, support them to carry out their work independently, and give full play to the role of various organizations in the school. Fifth, support principals to deal with problems in education, teaching and administration independently. Coordinate the relationship between the headmaster and the teachers' congress and various mass organizations, and ensure that the party, government, industry and league of the school support each other and cooperate closely to form a joint force and work together to achieve the school training goal.
Principals should respect the democratic rights of teaching staff and rely on all teaching staff to run schools.
The democratic management of teaching staff is also an integral part of the principal responsibility system, and the staff congress is the basic form of democratic management and supervision of teaching staff.
The staff congress is a deliberative and supervisory body under the leadership of the school party branch. Its main functions and powers are: to listen to the work report of the principal; Have the right to make suggestions on the major issues of the school's running direction, education reform and education and teaching management, and the rewards and punishments, promotion, punishment and dismissal of school leaders at all levels; Have the right to supervise and comment on the work of school leading cadres; Have the right to review the school development plan, work plan, school articles of association, rules and regulations, financial budget and final accounts; Have the right to decide (vote) on the post responsibility system scheme, the reward and punishment measures for faculty and staff, and the rules and regulations related to the vital interests of faculty and staff; Have the right to inspect the implementation of the resolutions and proposals of the workers' congress by functional departments.
The school board is also the democratic management body of the school. It is not an authority, but a deliberative body. It is presided over by the headmaster, with few members and prestige. Generally speaking, it is composed of people who are capable, have practical experience, understand education and management, are familiar with the school situation, can speak on behalf of the masses and make them trust. Its main tasks are: under the leadership of the principal, discuss the school administration, review the school plan, assist the principal to make major decisions, and give full play to the advisory role of faculty and staff. But the final decision-making behavior is taken by the client.
⑤ Principals should scientifically set up school organizations, implement responsibilities, tasks and authorities, improve work systems, establish supervision, assessment and regulation mechanisms, improve the work vitality and management efficiency of various organizations, and give full play to the role of various organizations in school management.
School organizations include administrative organizations and non-administrative organizations.
Administrative Organization: Principal's Office, Guidance Office (Academic Affairs Office, Political and Educational Affairs Office), General Affairs Office, Teaching and Research Group and Grade Group.
Non-administrative organizations: the party's grass-roots organizations, various mass organizations (including educational trade unions, youth leagues, young pioneers, societies, student extracurricular activity groups, etc.). ).
4. Principals should be good at using, transforming and creating the school environment, and strive for sufficient conditions and space for the construction, management and development of the school.
Natural geographical environment: favorable and unfavorable utilization and transformation;
② Humanistic social environment: the excavation and utilization of humanistic environment; Transformation and utilization of social environment;
③ Interference, control and utilization of information and public opinion environment;
④ Leading the improvement, creation and application of policy environment;
⑤ Establishment, creation and improvement of internal interpersonal relationships.
5. The headmaster should strive for, manage and arrange the use of limited school funds according to law, so as to maximize the benefit of school funds.
(1) Identify the source and use of funds;
Master the key points of financial management in budget and decision-making;
③ Adhere to the financial management principle of "managing money according to law (financial system of primary and secondary schools), living within our means, ensuring key points, planning expenditures, being thrifty and ensuring benefits".
(4) democratic management, financial disclosure, strengthening supervision, honesty and self-discipline.
6. Principals should attach importance to self-management, strengthen the construction of teachers, strengthen the construction of human resources in school education from both quantitative and qualitative aspects, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of teachers in teaching and educating people.
(1) Principals should have their own work goals and study goals, develop good behavior habits (life, work, study and health care), formulate and implement their own work system, develop good psychological quality (mentality and self-control), cultivate their own sound personality and have good professional ethics; We should have the concept of organizational discipline, the awareness of running the school according to law, be familiar with the laws and essentials of the overall management and special management of the school, and have the ability to deal with emergencies. The headmaster should strive to advance towards specialization and make himself an educator.
② Construction of teaching staff. Principals should strive to build a team of teachers with sufficient quantity, good quality, reasonable structure and full of vitality. Therefore, the headmaster should have the consciousness of establishment management and the concept of planning and employing people; It is necessary to set up teachers' posts reasonably, strengthen post management and manage people with the system; We should boldly reform the personnel system of teachers and improve the level of self-employment; It is necessary to establish and improve the school-based training system and mechanism for teachers to help teachers improve their ideological and professional quality; Caring for teachers and enhancing the affinity between teachers and students; It is necessary to implement humanized and institutionalized management and create a harmonious campus environment and interpersonal relationships; Various political, professional, cultural and social activities should be carried out according to teachers' age, family, economy, life and work. Principals should have a strong sense of professionalism and responsibility, be fair and upright, be honest, and unite teachers and students. Principals should not have privileged thoughts, should not be divorced from teachers and students, should not be marginalized, and should not be corrupt, eat and drink, be crony, exclude dissidents, and engage in small circles. Principals should fully implement the laws and policies of the state and superiors on teacher training, work, life, rewards and punishments, especially on the treatment of teachers. Principals should attach importance to cultivating backbone teachers, create conditions to give full play to their exemplary leading role and discipline check-up role in education and teaching, and create conditions for teachers to become famous and get married, and provide a place for them to use.
7. Principals should adhere to administration according to law and run schools according to law.
(1) What is the rule of law? Managing education according to law refers to managing education by legal means, including the management of education by the state and state organs, as well as the internal management of schools. Running schools according to law is a way for school administrators to manage school work according to law. It requires managers to use educational laws and policies to observe management phenomena and deal with management problems, handle legal disputes inside and outside the school according to legal procedures, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of teachers and students, and ensure normal teaching order. Administering education according to law is the fundamental guarantee to strengthen the Party's leadership over education, adhere to the socialist direction of education in China, adhere to the correct educational ideas, run socialist schools well, complete educational and teaching tasks, and train builders and successors of socialist modernization.
The legal basis of administering education according to law is the educational laws, regulations and rules formulated by the state and other laws and regulations related to education.
The purpose of teaching according to law is to create a good school management order and education and teaching order, and to provide guarantee for implementing the school charter, realizing the school purpose and completing the education and teaching tasks. Therefore, administering education according to law is the basis of doing a good job in school work. What is the case of "governing education according to law"? Teachers carry out education and teaching activities according to curriculum standards and teaching plans, that is, managing education according to law; The headmaster organizes school management activities (ideological and moral management, education and teaching management, teacher management, student management, financial and property management, logistics management, sports health management, school and community development planning management, etc.). ) comply with the provisions of education laws and regulations. Parents should send their children to school in time in accordance with the provisions of the Compulsory Education Law. All sectors of society support, maintain and supervise schools in accordance with the provisions of the Education Law, the Compulsory Education Law and the Teachers Law. According to the actual development of local education, the government implements school-running standards (including school construction standards, school safety standards, curriculum standards and quality and benefit evaluation standards, etc.). Running a school according to law and solving the problem of ensuring the conditions such as manpower, financial resources, material resources, venues and safety required for running a school is to govern education according to law; Non-governmental forces investing in running schools according to law also govern education according to law.
Managing education according to law is the concrete embodiment of the general plan of governing the country according to law in the education system. It is a process and means to strengthen the management and standardization of education on the basis of socialist democracy and certain educational legal system, so as to promote the development of education. As a process, administering education according to law is constantly advancing with the improvement of educational legal system, the enhancement of people's awareness of educational law, the improvement of educational law enforcement level of administrative organs and the improvement of educational judicial level of judicial organs. As a means, administering education according to law, like ideological and political work means, administrative means and economic means, is an effective means to strengthen educational behavior such as educational administration, school management and education and teaching, and together with other management means, it is the basis for doing a good job in school management.
The first basic principle of administering education according to law is "there are laws to follow, laws to be followed, law enforcement to be strict, and violators to be prosecuted"; Second, according to the actual situation of the school, respect the law of education; Third, adhere to the people-oriented principle and pay attention to the educational effect. Principals should persist in learning and understanding the law, consciously abide by the policies and laws of the party and the state, strengthen the construction of school articles of association and school rules and regulations according to law, strictly manage the work of the school, and strive to improve the legal level of school management.