Understand the types of funds
According to different investment objects, funds can be divided into: stock funds, bond funds, money market funds, hybrid funds and so on. If more than 60% of the fund's assets are invested in stocks, it is a stock fund; If more than 80% of the fund assets are invested in bonds, it is a bond fund; Money market funds that only invest in money market instruments; If it invests in stocks, bonds and money market instruments, and the ratio of stock investment to bond investment does not meet the requirements of bonds and stock funds, it is a mixed fund.
From the perspective of investment risks, the risks brought by several funds to investors are different. Among them, equity funds have the highest risk, money market funds have the lowest risk and bond funds have the middle risk. Due to different investment styles and strategies, the risks of the same type of investment funds will be different. For example, stock funds can be divided into: balanced, stable, exponential, growth and growth according to the degree of risk. Of course, the greater the risk, the higher the rate of return; The risk is small, and the income is correspondingly lower.
Choose a fund that suits you.
First of all, we must judge our risk tolerance. If you don't want to take too much risk, you can consider low-risk capital preservation funds and money funds; If the risk tolerance is strong, equity funds can be given priority. Equity funds are more suitable for young and middle-aged investors who have fixed income and like aggressive financial management. Risk-neutral people should buy balanced funds or index funds. Different from other funds, the investment structure of balanced funds is the balanced holding of stocks and bonds, which can ensure that the investment always runs in the middle and low risk range and achieve the purpose of balancing returns and risks. People with poor risk tolerance should buy bond funds and money funds.
Secondly, we should consider the investment period. Try to avoid frequent purchase and redemption in the short term, so as not to cause unnecessary losses.
Third, we should learn more about the relevant fund management companies and investigate their investment style and performance. First, the income of this fund can be compared with that of the same type of fund. Second, the fund income can be compared with the market trend. If the performance of a fund is better than the market index in the same period most of the time, then it can be said that the management of this fund is more effective. Third, we can examine the cumulative net growth rate of the fund. Fund cumulative net growth rate = (cumulative net share-unit face value) ÷ unit face value. For example, if the current cumulative net value of a fund is 1. 18 yuan and the unit face value is 1.00 yuan, the cumulative net value growth rate of the fund is 18%. Of course, the cumulative net growth rate of the fund should also be linked to the length of the fund's operation. If a fund has just been established, its cumulative net growth rate will generally be lower than that of similar comparable funds with a long operation time. Fourth, when subscribing for a newly established fund, we can examine the situation of other funds managed by the same company. Because of the influence of management mode and management team, if the performance of other funds under the same fund management company is good, then the profitability of the company issuing new funds will be relatively high.
At present, China has not yet established a mature fund flow evaluation system, and there is no objective and independent fund performance evaluation institution to provide fund performance evaluation conclusions. Investors can only rely on the information provided by the media to make their own analysis and evaluation.
costing
There are generally three kinds of fees for purchasing open-end securities investment funds: one is to pay "subscription fee" when purchasing newly established funds; Second, the purchase of old funds needs to pay a "subscription fee"; Third, you need to pay a "redemption fee" when the fund is redeemed. The general subscription rate is 1.2%, the subscription rate is 1.5%, and the redemption rate is 0.5% (money market funds are free).
The calculation formula of fund subscription is: subscription fee = subscription amount × subscription rate. Net subscription amount = subscription amount-subscription fee+interest subscription share from subscription date to fund establishment date.
The calculation formula of fund subscription is: subscription fee = subscription amount × subscription rate. Subscription share = (subscription amount-subscription fee) ÷ Net value of the fund unit on the application date.
The calculation formula of fund redemption is: redemption fee = redemption share × net value of fund unit on redemption day × redemption rate.
Open a fund account
The fund account is a symbol for the fund management company to identify investors, and it is an account opened by the registration center for investors to record the investor's fund ownership and its change information.
Before participating in the subscription, subscription and redemption of open-end funds, investors must apply to the sales organization of fund management companies, that is, open fund accounts at direct sales outlets or consignment outlets around the country.
For a fund management company, each investor can only apply for opening one fund account. The fund account is confirmed and distributed by the registrant in a centralized way. The sales organization accepts the investor's fund account opening application on T day, and the registration center provides the investor's fund account number on T+ 1 day. Investors can check whether the fund account opening is successful in the sales organization on T+2.
Investors can obtain trading account cards issued by sales organizations at the same time when opening fund accounts. On the day the fund opens an account, investors can submit an application for subscription/subscription, and the confirmation of subscription/subscription is subject to the success of the fund opening an account.
When accepting an application for opening a fund account by an investor, each sales organization will require the investor to submit an account opening application form and the following materials to the sales organization:
Individual investor
(1) Original and photocopy of my valid ID card (ID card, officer's card, soldier's card, passport, etc.). );
(2) reserved signature card
(3) Fill in a complete business application form;
(4) Certification documents and photocopies of the designated bank account;
(5) The original and photocopy of the valid identity certificate of the agent and my power of attorney (if not handled by me).
Cancel the fund account
Investors applying for cancellation of fund accounts must provide relevant information required by the registration center.
Individual investors are required to provide the following materials:
(1) A completed business application form with reserved seal;
(2) The original and photocopy of my valid ID card;
(3) The original and photocopy of the valid identity certificate of the agent and my power of attorney (if not handled by me).
(4) Original fund account card or trading account card.
Investors can only submit the application for fund account cancellation in the original account opening and sales organization. The sales organization accepts the investor's application for closing the capital account on T day, and the registrant completes the application confirmation on T+ 1 day. On T+2, investors can check whether the fund account cancellation operation is successful in the sales organization.
Tip:
All major banks have fund agency business, and you won't be charged personal expenses, and you only need to provide the following materials, bank cards, ID cards, and copies of these two cards (two copies on one piece of paper).