As we all know, there are similarities and obvious differences in the development of social work between Hong Kong and the Mainland. Let's have a look!

1. Social work services in the Mainland and Hong Kong are the same.

First of all, both mainland social workers and Hong Kong social workers follow the core value concept of helping others and helping themselves, that is, helping people in need and difficulties to overcome immediate difficulties and enhance their ability to face and solve difficulties. Social workers adhere to the basic principles of equality, respect, acceptance and empowerment in the process of service. No matter in the Mainland or Hong Kong, social workers stick to the same professional values.

Secondly, in terms of professional service skills, both Chinese mainland and Hong Kong adopt the basic service methods of social work, such as home visits, case service, group work and community social work. In the process of service, social workers need to master and use the skills of self-exploration, conversation, relationship building, discussion, influence, planning activities and integrating resources.

Third, in terms of the implementation goal of service projects, whether in the Mainland or Hong Kong, service effectiveness is the goal of project implementation. In the process of project implementation, both the Mainland and Hong Kong pay attention to the positive changes, guidance and influence brought by different service methods and skills at the social level, community level, clients, their families and social workers themselves.

Two. Differences between the Mainland and Hong Kong

(A) differences in social workers

In the Mainland, "social workers" who are engaged in social work services may have graduated from social work and obtained professional qualification certificates for social workers, or graduated from other professions and are willing to engage in social work services. The comprehensive quality of social workers in the mainland is quite different, and the social work knowledge and professional skills mastered by social workers are obviously different, which is also the main reason for the great difference in the professional service effect of the same social work organization in different project sites in the mainland.

In Hong Kong, social workers must first take social work courses in institutions recognized by the Hong Kong Social Work Registration Board and the Hong Kong Council for Academic Accreditation. In most cases, as long as you have completed these social work courses at junior college, undergraduate or master's level, you can apply to become a "registered social worker" and engage in the social work industry.

Through comparison, we can find that there is a big difference in the identification of "social workers" between Chinese mainland and Hong Kong, and social workers in Hong Kong must undergo professional study and training and be registered before they can take up their posts. However, the social work service institutions in inland areas are in a blowout situation due to the large demand for services, and the institutions urgently need such a group of people who are willing to engage in social work services to appear in the corresponding posts. The professional knowledge level and service ability required for personnel appointment are not as rigorous as those in Hong Kong, which also leads to the difference in service effect.

(B) differences in the development of voluntary services

The definition of a volunteer in the Mainland is: a person who voluntarily gives his time and energy to improve social services and promote social progress without any material reward. On the definition of volunteers, the mainland and Hong Kong have always maintained a relatively consistent identity. However, there are obvious differences between the mainland and Hong Kong in the recruitment, training and development of volunteers and the encouragement of volunteers.

First of all, social work service agencies in the Mainland often lack the overall demand analysis of volunteer service promotion in the project area, which makes it easy to recruit "elderly volunteers, children and adolescents volunteers", while other knowledgeable, skilled and capable groups are often difficult to recruit. In Hong Kong, volunteers will be recruited from different age groups such as children, teenagers, adults and the elderly, as well as from different social groups such as migrant workers, administrators, housewives and bosses through demand investigation and analysis in the project implementation areas.

Secondly, in the training and development of volunteers, the professional knowledge and skills of volunteers are easily neglected in the training of social work projects in Chinese mainland, which leads to poor volunteer training effect, and even some projects conduct random recruitment and simple training in order to complete the scheduled volunteer recruitment and training indicators. Social work service organizations in Hong Kong pay more attention to individual volunteers, and the training work is more targeted. They will comprehensively analyze the knowledge and skills of volunteers, classify them and conduct classified training. Volunteers who master the daily companionship skills of the elderly will systematically train them and carry out voluntary service for the elderly later, instead of arranging them to serve their children, they will pay more attention to their willingness to serve and comprehensive ability.

In the part of encouraging volunteers, according to the Measures for the Administration of Registered Volunteers in China, volunteers in inland areas are rated as five stars, and the accumulated volunteer service hours reach 100 hours, and they are recognized as one-star volunteers; Participated in volunteer service for a total of 300 hours and was recognized as a two-star volunteer; Participated in volunteer service for a total of 600 hours and was recognized as a three-star volunteer;

Participated in volunteer service for a total of 1000 hours and was recognized as a four-star volunteer; Participated in volunteer service for a total of 1500 hours and was recognized as a five-star volunteer; Volunteers can use their volunteer service time in exchange for certain community services, and enjoy preferential treatment in schooling, employment, medical care, etc., and encourage museums, public libraries, stadiums and other public cultural and sports facilities, parks, tourist attractions and other places to be open to volunteers with good volunteer service records free of charge or preferential treatment; Encourage urban public transport to give preferential fares to volunteers with good volunteer service records; Encourage commercial institutions to provide priority and preferential services for volunteers with good volunteer service records.

In Hong Kong, volunteers did not conduct star rating according to the accumulated service time in the Mainland. In the service process of social work service agencies in Hong Kong, volunteers will be assessed and commended according to their comprehensive performance, and volunteers will be awarded prizes according to three awards: gold, silver and bronze. In addition, the Hong Kong Voluntary Service Development Council will also commend volunteers who have made outstanding achievements in the process of voluntary service through territory-wide volunteer appraisal and commendation every year, and encourage citizens to participate in voluntary service and engage in professional voluntary services such as social welfare, culture and art, education, environmental protection, rehabilitation, recreation, sports and rescue.

(C) differences in service systems

Compared with the service system of social work service institutions in Hongkong, the service system of social work institutions in Chinese mainland still has some differences in key development areas, internal structure, staffing and external resource system. In Hong Kong's social work organizations, the responsibilities between departments are clear, and there is no duplication of waste. They are responsible for different fields and service modules, realize division of labor and cooperation, and jointly practice the purpose of the organization. In inland areas, especially in the central and western regions, the internal settings of social work institutions are relatively loose, the responsibilities between departments are not clear enough, and the division of labor and cooperation among personnel has not been fully reflected.

In Hong Kong, if a social work organization wants to carry out a service project in a certain community, it will draw up a demand survey plan in advance, conduct a demand survey and fully analyze the needs of the clients and the effective integration of resources, and finally form an implementable project implementation plan. Such a service scheme is often targeted and operable, and it is easy to achieve the established service objectives of the project. However, in inland areas, the demand investigation schemes involved in some social work institutions' service projects are not perfect enough to fully tap the needs of the clients, which leads to the project scheme design being divorced from reality, lacking pertinence and operability, and it is difficult to achieve the set goals of the project; When designing a project, some organizations will draw up a service plan before conducting a demand survey. When third-party evaluation agencies evaluate such projects, they often find that similar projects are very vague in the demand description department, and even the demand description is a comprehensive description of the world and China, lacking the pertinence of defining the problems of local service objects and the effectiveness of analysis. Such a service plan is often difficult to achieve the project objectives, and can only achieve the quantitative indicators in the established plan.

(d) Differences in funding sources

During the week of visiting and studying, whenever I go to an institution, I will ask about the financial guarantee of the institution. According to the feedback from institutions, some social work organizations in Hong Kong currently rely on foundations and the Hong Kong Jockey Club. Part of the funding sources of social work organizations rely on the support and self-support of the Hong Kong YMCA (male and female) and the Chinese YMCA of Hong Kong. Some institutions rely on government financial support and social donations; Different organizations have different sources of funds, but overall, government financial support is not the mainstream of social work in Hong Kong, and the injection of private resources is the main guarantee for social work organizations in Hong Kong.

Compared with Hong Kong, at present, the main source of funds for social work service institutions in the Mainland is the government's purchase of service funds, and a small number of institutions will receive the support of foundations and social donations. In terms of development, institutions rely too much on government funds and lack self-hematopoietic function. Since the service income of individual institutions is all government funds, once the project funds are cut off, the institutions will not be able to continue to support personnel and management expenses, resulting in shrinking or even cancellation of the institutions.

(v) Differences in project evaluation

Since 20 12, I have been engaged in the evaluation of public welfare projects and social organizations, and I am familiar with the evaluation of social work projects in the mainland. So the focus of this study in Hong Kong is to ask each other questions about project evaluation.

Through the communication with visiting institutions, we know that the evaluation system of social work projects in Hong Kong is more perfect and stricter than that in the Mainland, mainly adopting the Quality of Service Standard (SQS) (16), and the Social Welfare Department arranges professional teams to conduct on-site inspections irregularly every month. It mainly involves the comprehensive evaluation of five parts: data provision, service management, service to users and respect for the rights of service users, with a total of 16 aspects. If there are major problems in a certain link, it is possible to rectify or cancel the project plan within a time limit. At present, the inland areas adopt the Guide for Performance Evaluation of Social Work Service Projects issued by the Ministry of Civil Affairs at the end of 20 14, which mainly involves four parts: project scheme, project implementation, project management and project effectiveness.

In the timetable of service project evaluation, the frequency of project evaluation in Hong Kong will be significantly higher than that in the Mainland. Hong Kong arranges personnel to conduct on-site evaluation every month, but at present, the mid-term and final evaluation methods are widely used in the Mainland.

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