Shen Guowen made a decree to save Wu people's feces

[Taiwan Province Province] Chen Lifu

China people learned the words "Gong", "Honesty", "Benevolence", "Zhong" and "Xing" from heaven to create people.

Tao is the foundation of pride. Inheriting for thousands of years and becoming a cultural orthodoxy is the evolution of human beings.

The principle of. The prosperity of the nation, the peace of the world and the happiness of mankind are all given by their practice.

First, the enlightenment of heaven and earth

China has a long history, from Fu more than 6400 years ago. Real literature can be tested from Yao and Shun to.

With at least five years of history and culture, China's history and culture are more detailed than that of any other country, thanks to the invention of dry papermaking and printing.

This kind of civilization can spread and make great contributions to world culture.

What Confucius and Laozi said is enough to prove that their thoughts are profound, broad and meticulous. Thoughts of Confucius and Laozi

Although there are differences, the former is like applied science and the latter is like pure science, but they are all based on the Book of Changes.

The Book of Changes is China's greatest book. If we want to talk about China culture, we must understand the Book of Changes, followed by the golden mean.

The Book of Changes was first applied to astronomical phenomena, such as heavenly stems, earthly branches, astronomy, meteorology and seasons. And it is after Confucius.

People-oriented and Heaven-oriented are well-deserved. For example, the dry hexagram "Yao Xing Yao Jian Dao, a gentleman strives for self-improvement and benevolence" is the same as the other 63 hexagrams.

This is the case, hence the name "harmony between man and nature". It means that heaven is consistent with human nature, and human nature is based on heaven. If people can.

Imitate heaven, and everything can be achieved. As the saying goes, "if you go with the sky, you will prosper, but if you go against the sky, you will die." Why is China not organized and

There is a religious form mainly because human nature is based on heaven. According to Yao Dao, there is nothing wrong. all over the world

Religion is nothing more than the method of creating man with the dead Taoist. Our ancestors' understanding of heaven and earth is like this: "Today's husband is dead, and there are many signs.

It is infinite, the sun, the moon and the stars are connected, and everything is covered. Today's husband's land, a pinch of soil, is wide and thick, and it is not heavy to carry China.

Rivers and seas do not leak, and everything contains them. Therefore, it is called "smart" elephant emblem and "dragon", and it is called "rich and thick" elephant.

"Infinite", in a word, is a symbol of wisdom and virtue. God has given us a lot of inspiration, greatness, tolerance, light and foresight.

Advanced is scientific, without the slightest superstition, which is different from what western religious scholars say: God is the father. middle

China people's idea is not to believe in heaven in order to go to the church of death, but to believe that the law of death and heaven should be like this, so China on the surface.

There is no religious form, but it actually has religious essence. China people's understanding of "heaven" has been proved by many books. place

With a thorough understanding of astronomy and meteorology, the data of astronomy in the past are still very correct.

Araki, the authority of Japanese literature research Yao, once criticized China people and said, "What you mentioned in your masterpiece is already very high."

Profound and correct, why do you still doubt your own history and culture? "We are ashamed to hear that.

1994-2008 China Academic Journals Electronic Publishing House. Copyright ki.net.

Second, heaven and humanity.

People should cooperate with heaven and imitate it. What has God given us? To sum up, people learned five words from the sky.

That is fairness, honesty, kindness, neutrality and behavior.

First, the true meaning of public.

The first impression that heaven gives us is that

, "male".

"Public" means "public and selfless". The so-called "selfless heaven, selfless earth, selfless sun and moon." "That's not two things.

Its biology is unpredictable. "It can be said that this is completely natural. The sky is not good for anyone, and it is not bad for anyone. What about yourself?

Well, take care of yourself and don't be a freak. If you are willing to work hard, you will naturally help you. If you don't live up to your expectations, God can't help you.

Busy. The so-called "God helps, helps oneself" is true. Therefore, there is a saying in The Doctrine of the Mean that "a dead creature must be cultivated because of its material, so it is cultivated by the people who planted it."

This is fair and just, which is different from praying to God and worshiping Buddha abroad. Heaven is selfless, so it is used for people.

Tao, that is, "the trip to the avenue is also for the public." In other words, if people can do justice, then everyone can be peaceful. Can there be peace * * *

Local, natural can achieve the goal of world harmony. The so-called "great harmony" means that the general aspects are the same, but the bodies can be different.

Countries, families and people can't be exactly the same, because no two people are exactly the same, or even double.

Pregnancy, its wisdom and personality may be different, not to mention the average person, so it is a private matter to be stronger than yourself.

"Public" is the foundation of morality. Therefore, people should "love their similarities and respect their differences" and "seek common ground while reserving differences" to get along.

Attitude, the public can reflect.

Second, the true meaning of honesty

The second word that people learn from Yao Dao is "sincerity".

Heaven and earth are moving all the time, and its motive force is called "sincerity", so it is called "sincerity without interest" and "sincerity is heaven"

The doctrine of the mean. Honesty is the kinetic energy of the universe. Man-made is a small unit in the universe, and it is born with this kinetic energy, so

Also known as "sincerity is the way to test people." Sincere application to human nature is the foundation of all knowledge and morality, so it is said that "wisdom, benevolence and courage are in harmony with heaven."

Under virtue, so those who do it are also ",and those who say" sincerity "are also. Sincerity can influence others, so we say "yes"

Those who are sincere and motionless, no, insincere and motionless. so-called

If you are sincere, the stone will open.

"Honesty" can be interpreted as "faith". Dr. Sun Yat-sen said that "faith is power" is true. Honesty is also the foundation of all religions.

A dishonest person cannot be a priest or a priest. Therefore, the Doctrine of the Mean has the saying "as sincere as a god", which means sincerity.

People can be like the prophet of God, "the most sincere way, you can know the golden mean in advance", you can touch people, you must rely on benevolence and sincerity. Covering all religions

All for "doing good". China people's understanding of God is also different from others. The highest wisdom of "the sacred and the unknowable are called God" is only

Call it a saint. The saint doesn't know it's called the sun god.

The Book of Changes says, "Wisdom is hidden in the past, and God knows from it", and Zhuangzi says, "For a person, there is no ego; For a man who believes in God, there is no job; Most holy, nameless ",Mencius said" big ".

This is called holiness, and when it is sacred but unknown, it is called God. "These are the definitions of sacredness and God given by our ancestors. So honesty is heaven,

It is also humane. As mentioned above, the motivation of wisdom, benevolence and courage is a word of sincerity, and it is also "stubborn choice of goodness"

Faith is a prophet.

Third, the true meaning of benevolence

The third word that people learn from heaven is "benevolence".

"All things nurture each other without harming each other, and Tao is parallel without contradicting each other". Because every unit between the dead and the earth is not only moving by itself, but also

Moving and existing with units on other planets means that * * * life * * * has * * * evolution, but it is needed anytime and anywhere.

Only by adjusting each other can * * * coexist. The so-called "harmony, heaven, the teaching of all things"

1994-2008 China Academic Journals Electronic Publishing House. Copyright ki.net.

People infer from this that if people want to live and survive, they should love and help each other, and the enlightenment of Yao Dao comes from this.

The word "benevolence"

The Doctrine of the Mean says: "Cultivate one's morality by Tao, cultivate one's morality by benevolence, and treat others with benevolence."

Benevolence, the word begins with two people, that is, two people exist, help each other and love each other. It is the family, the society and the country.

The curing force that can be formed. So Dr. Sun Yat-sen said, "Benevolence and morality are for mutual assistance." "Humans avoid this and prosper, but they do the opposite.

And die. In order to realize the ideal of a great world, Sun Yat-sen invented the principle of "mutual assistance" in human evolution, and people love each other.

Only in this way can we help each other and live together, whether it is monarch or monarch, official or subordinate, father and son, brother and brother, husband and daughter, friend and friend.

Love each other. To * * * survive * * survive * * * evolve, this is the origin of ethics.

Kindness should be cultivated from an early age. That is, from the filial piety ladder. The Analects of Confucius says: "A gentleman should be a teacher, born with virtue and born with filial piety."

Ladders are also the foundation of benevolence. "As many as 105 times, the importance of" benevolence "in The Analects of Confucius can be imagined. Mencius even

People who think that there is no benevolence are not people.

Fourth, the true meaning of books.

The fourth word that people learn from heaven is "Zhong".

Each unit between heaven and earth adjusts itself at any time in action, and needs to adjust with other units to avoid conflicts.

Get what you want, and you will get what you want, but it is just right. This is called "neutralization". Therefore, "to be neutral, the position of heaven is not how to raise everything." ten thousand

If things are educated, then human nature is also among them.

How can the adjustment of China be just right? For example, the steering wheel of a car or ship is moving, and the driver races against the clock.

Only by adjustment can we move forward impartially. In terms of nouns, "zhong" is the center of gravity. If there is this, it is safe not to fall, but to move.

In terms of words, just right. Adjectively speaking, it is just right.

Too much and too little is not good, but it is just right, so it is said that "too much and too little", such as dressing, wearing too much is hot, and wearing too much is too much.

Less is cold, just right. For another example, popular clothes are too long, too short, too wide and too narrow, all of which are short-lived and outdated.

The duration is not long, short, wide or narrow. Another example is eating, don't eat less or more, just stop the food, preferably not too sweet,

Or sour, or bitter, or spicy, I can't get tired of eating for a long time. So everything should be just right when it is the best, and

The most durable. The doctrine of the mean is the right way in the world, impartiality means the doctrine of the mean, impartiality means fairness, fairness means happiness, and allowing yourself the doctrine of the mean.

The golden mean is a very important virtue in China culture, because it is impartial, fair in everything and fair to everyone.

The more human knowledge is improved, the clearer his observation of the two extremes of things will be, and he will understand that things are always changing.

Going to extremes can easily lead to the wrong result of "extremes meet", and it is normal that everything should meet the requirements of most people for a long time.

That's right.

Fifth, the true meaning of action.

The fifth word that people learn from heaven is "line".

The sky is moving forward all the time, and the so-called "life" is dry and true. This is teaching people to make progress every day, isn't it?

But otters should stop being lazy and "strive for self-improvement". Everything that moves will move forward according to a certain trajectory and all will be presented.

The development of waves, such as radio waves, light waves and sound waves. Nothing in the world rises in a straight line, but advances in waves.

Yes, for example, the recent stock market will definitely fall when it reaches the top. The so-called "extremes must be reversed" and "extreme joy begets sorrow" are all from

The wisdom gained from the Book of Changes and the sky show mankind hiking. If you can walk, you will "strive for self-improvement" and keep moving forward.

Progress is progress. As the saying goes, "new is new, and change is new." Yes, if you know how to hike, you will remain the same.

Confucius hates people who "sit and talk but can't get up and walk". Mere words and no deeds can be said to be insincere and heartless.

"Practicing to be close to benevolence" and "rhetoric to make color fresh and benevolence" are called "hometown wishes"-hypocrites. Mencius called it "virtue"

Thieves, too. "

China Academic Journals Electronic Publishing House in 2008. Copyright ki.net.

Third, Taoism and its formation

The above five words, based on the humanity of Heaven, are the basis of being a man and doing things in China culture. They have been circulating for thousands of years.

Become orthodox.

Simply put.

Theoretically speaking, it is called "Gong"-selfless "Gong"

For myself, it is called "sincerity"-the "sincerity" of achievement.

For people, it is called "benevolence"-the "benevolence" of establishing people. piece

On the matter, it is called "zhong"-"zhong" is unbiased and priceless.

two

As far as merit is concerned, it is called "doing"-a new and new "doing".

How did this tradition form the history of our country? Before Yao and Shun, due to the lack of literature, Confucius thought that "what you know is what you know, and there is nothing"

Knowing is not knowing "is the scientific spirit of seeking truth from facts, which is inconvenient for writing." So deleting books started with Yao, who is a great man who only cares about nature. "

Yao is the most enlightened monarch. He chose a filial ladder with the highest filial piety as the basis of benevolence and great talents among the people.

Sun Shun was the Regent for 28 years, or Xun Zheng. Before his death, he passed it on to him with the four-word formula "Allow to hold the title". Yao (the legendary leader of the tribal alliance in the late period of the patriarchal clan society in ancient China)

Collapsed, Shun got the support of the people and inherited the throne. Unfortunately, Shun has an unkind father, a stone substitute and a brother, an elephant.

But he still loves his father and brother, so Confucius called him "great filial piety". He manages politics, attaches importance to seeking talents and is good at asking questions.

Keep your word, suppress evil and promote good, and use both ends for the people. Confucius also called him "great wisdom". He attached great importance to interpersonal relationships and signed a contract.

Stuart used it to educate people. When the flood hit, he chose a water conservancy expert-Yu, who was regent for seventeen years and taught him.

Give him a 16-character formula, "The human heart is only in danger, the moral heart is only weak, the essence is unique, and the sincerity is dumbfounded", because the people were affected at that time

The first two sentences refer to the impact of floods, the decline of economy and the deterioration of people's hearts. Only by sincerely curing the flood can we save bad luck.

So he added three more sentences. However, we should pay attention to the refusal of permission. Yu concentrated on water control, dredged nine rivers and lost the economy.

If you drift into the sea, you will be the Han, and the Huaihe River will be the river. Then the people of China will be able to live on the flat land and have food. This greatness is unparalleled.

The water conservancy project was successfully supervised by him. I have been away from home for eight years and have not entered the house for three times. He has forgotten his personal interests and his country.

And that kind of sincere and loving spirit of selflessness is immortal. He cherishes time the most. He hates wine, but he likes to listen to good words, even right.

People are worshipped. He is the most polite to corporal, and he used to be an example. When you are old, you will be a regent, but after you die, the country will

Some people think that Yu's son inspired the saints to benefit, supported him, and carried on the family line for the saints. From then on, this is not the private affairs of Yu's son.

Later, Xia Lai had no choice, and the people were in trouble. Soup was released in the early Shang Dynasty. It has been more than 500 years since Yao Di. Tang Juhao, Tong

Seventy square miles of land, benevolent governance, eleven levy and invincible in the world. Save the people from fire and water, and give them first aid. If there is a drought.

Look at Yun Ni. The reason is that people eat pot pulp to welcome guests, so-called benevolent invincible. Its success lies in the establishment of talents, especially the establishment of virtue.

Only Yi Yin helped the most, but his policy of governing the country still adhered to the instruction of "letting it be in a trance". Tang collapse, Tai Jia subverts the standard punishment of Tang Dynasty, Iraq

Yin Fang told Yu Tong that in the past three years, Taijia repented and felt sorry for herself. Moved righteousness for three years, and returned after listening to Yi Yin's instructions.

Millimeter. Yi Yin released Tai Jia in order to train Tai Jia to govern the country, and Tai Jia knew how to govern the national government, so he returned the government to the Grand Duke like Tai Jia.

The spirit of selflessness and responsibility is a model of political training system. It is appropriate for Mencius to respect him as a "saint", which means to have an affair first.

Ambition can be followed, otherwise it is called usurpation.

Five hundred years later, the king was over-appointed, and the merchants died in Zhou. King Wen died with benevolence. that

Therefore, the person who caused this situation is a pure and sincere person who originated from Wang Wen's virtue. Therefore, Confucius praised and said, "The reason why King Wen is a writer is pure."

Constantly. "King Wen treats the people like a wound. If you are benevolent, you must first reach four, and it is the responsibility of the court to cover this alone. that

Zi Wu Wang, a military commander, unified the whole country. Mencius, as a politician, is sincere and trustworthy, especially in poverty.

1994-2008 China Academic Journals Electronic Publishing House. Copyright ki.net.

There are ten ministers as assistants to govern the country, and one woman in ten people is enough to show that women are in politics, which has existed in our country for 3 thousand years. hole

Zi called the prince of Wu "filial piety", saying that he could speak for his father, pay attention to the order of Zhao Mu, Jue and Shi, and practice with the order of his teeth.

Position, perform its rituals, enjoy what it pleases, respect what it respects, love what it loves, and die as it is, so it is said that "filial piety is the best."

Filial piety is the foundation of benevolence, and courtesy is the trip of virtue. He is a benevolent monarch, and he is all-rounder, so it is appropriate to "govern the country like the palm of his hand."

King Wu collapsed and his son became a friend of the king. Duke Zhou is the younger brother, and uncle Wang is the regent. With its versatility in civil and military affairs, we can quell the chaos and expand our country.

The potential has been greatly enhanced, and the system of rites and music has laid a long-term moral foundation for the country. Confucius believes that only people with virtue and position dare to do so. Duke of Zhou

Re-adopt the education system of combining civil and military education, so that the heads of government at all levels have the qualifications of literacy and ability, so as to be competent.

It took 30 generations to implement benevolent policies at home and resist aggression abroad, and it began to decline after 700 years. Is it accidental to test world history? "

Nothing

In contrast, no one else remembers that politics is loved by the whole people.

God bless China, and three great sages, Yao, Shun and Yu, have been born one after another. "Successive abdication" has laid a foundation for the country such as fairness, sincerity, benevolence and neutrality.

The moral basis of this trip, though slightly changed later, was brought up again by Tang and Yi Yin 500 years later. In another 500 years, history will be almost heavy.

Wen, Wu and three great men were born one after another and continue to be in power. Justice, sincerity, kindness, gentleness and pragmatism can be revived.

Teaching and health. Five hundred years later, Confucius was born. Although he is not in his position, he is respected as a million, making the word spread more and more widely.

A model of the world.

Confucius was born on the weekend, when the central government existed in name only, and the vassals were separated. Although Confucius had the ambition to revive Zhoushi, he didn't.

When Nai finally got it, Jun used it for a long time because he had lofty ideals and was unwilling to follow the customs and travel around the world. Fourteen years, difficulties and obstacles.

Those who are ambitious but don't stretch out are widely recruited, those who follow them are 3 thousand, and those who are proficient in six arts are 72, so they return to the land, delete poetry books, settle down and praise.

Zhouyi, as the Spring and Autumn Period, made a comprehensive arrangement of China's cultural heritage in the past 1500 years, so that future generations can learn from it.

It is easier to understand and more willing to implement, so it is no exaggeration for some people to say that "Confucius is the culture of China". From the above historical facts, we can

In order to prove that there is a way to control the rise and fall of chaos, there are many ways to govern the country. '

Without exception, if you lose your way, you will die of your country.

Point, for

Originated from Dagong, from sincerity, from seeking benevolence and seeking benevolence, it is determined to hold hands and achieve in practice.

If you can have these five things, you can say that you have achieved the Tao, those who have achieved the Tao will help you more, those who have lost the Tao will help you less, and their relatives will help you more.

The world goes with it. If you obey the orders of the world and fight against the rebellion of your relatives, you will be invincible, and you will be invincible. The clue to spread this road is to call it.

"Orthodoxy", passed down from generation to generation, has formed the trust of the whole people, resulting in "great and inclusive, resolute and unyielding, neutral and fair, righteous and righteous words"

The national characteristics of "far evil" As for Dr. Sun Yat-sen, this name is even more remarkable. Eleven years in Guilin, Guangxi, he replied

The representative of the Third International asked, "China is orthodox, including Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen, Wu and Confucius.

There is no end, my ideological foundation is this orthodoxy, and my revolution is to inherit and carry forward this orthodoxy. "This is in.

The formation of national highway system.

Fourth,

The performance of eight virtues

In order to make it easy for ordinary people to understand, Dr. Sun Yat-sen interpreted the words "fairness, honesty, kindness, neutrality and behavior" as follows

The eight virtues of loyalty, filial piety, benevolence, faithfulness and harmony are the traditional virtues of China people. Loyalty is loyalty, filial piety is filial piety, and righteousness is love.

If China is peaceful, its actions will be fair.

Loyalty and filial piety-loyalty to the country and filial piety are the minimum conditions for being a man.

Benevolence extends from loyalty and filial piety, from "being kind to the people" to "being kind to the people and loving things".

Faith-from good practice. If you just talk about love, it won't help, so you must

"What you say must be done, what you say must be done", consistent inside and outside, consistent with words and deeds.

1994-2008 China Academic Journals Electronic Publishing House. Copyright ki.net.

Peace-Liu Deyi sublimates and expands step by step from above. If everyone can be loyal, filial, kind and loyal to Liu De, since

However, we should give full play to the spirit of human mutual love and assistance, and achieve "harmony" between people and between things.

Five, four-dimensional publicity

Guan Zi advocates four dimensions of "courtesy, justice and honesty". Although he is a legalist, his administrative methods are different from those of Confucianism and Confucius, but he is a Taoist.

The reason is the same. Taoism takes "Heaven" as its foundation, its thought originates from nature, and it develops into a big society by obeying death and loving the people.

Personal. Become an eternal political principle. Courtesy is positive and shame is negative, both of which require harmony and tranquility.

Politeness is the expression of morality in life. In this way, people meet each other with courtesy, "courtesy is expensive", and everyone is polite.

Then society can be harmonious and happy.

Righteousness means that benevolence is visible in behavior, supporting and helping each other. If everyone knows righteousness, he must be brave and keep his score.

Cheap means not infringing on the rights and interests of others, and it refers to the material aspect. If everyone is honest with each other, they will not invade each other and keep their points.

Shame means not damaging other people's reputation and their own moral character, which refers to the spiritual aspect. Everyone knows shame, but evil things don't.

Healthy.

If everyone has virtue, keeps his duty, does his duty, unites and helps each other, and people and things are equal, there is no reason why the country is not strong.

Guan Zi said: "Courtesy, righteousness, honesty and shame are the four dimensions of a country. If the four dimensions don't open, the country will die. " This is the China that we should carry forward.

Cultural essence.

6. Conclusion-Only China culture that values both people and morality can save the world.

The reason why the Chinese nation can unite more than one billion people into a big family and continue its splendid history and culture for more than 5,000 years is because

Because our ancestors invented the principle that human beings were born, existed and evolved, this principle is called Dao. Its line is also called it.

Yuede Everyone attaches importance to morality and can keep forging ahead and expanding, thus becoming the most systematic way of being a man and political philosophy. Chinese people

The reason why the clan stands firm is precisely based on this truth of "valuing people and morality". So the four-dimensional eight virtues finally merged into China.

A country's cultural orthodoxy is more perfect and practical. If everyone in our country can practice it, not only the nation can be strong, but also the world.

Peace and human happiness will also be given by it.

Therefore, only the China culture that values people and morality is welcomed by human beings, and human beings do not want to be enslaved by money for a long time, so they are endowed with resources.

This theory will gradually decline if it is not perfected as soon as possible. It can be asserted that great philosophers in the world, such as Britain's Pubi and Mei.

Duran of China predicted that the future of China culture would make a great contribution to the happiness of human beings in the 2 1 century.

The century of culture. We are not willing to work hard to realize this prediction, but we are willing to encourage you.

The author is Taiwan Province Province, publisher of Confucius and Mencius Monthly.

Tang Yongjin is in charge of sample compilation.