1. Funds can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. Broadly speaking, they refer to a certain amount of funds set up for a certain purpose, such as trust and investment funds, provident funds, retirement funds and so on. In a narrow sense, they refer to funds with specific purposes and uses. Usually, funds mainly refer to securities investment funds. The income of securities investment funds comes from the future, and the performance of the income is inseparable from the performance of the investment target market, which has certain risks.
Two, according to the fund unit can be increased or redeemed, can be divided into open-end funds and closed-end funds. Open-end funds are not traded on the market (as the case may be), but are purchased and redeemed by banks, brokers and fund companies, and the fund scale is not fixed; Closed-end funds have a fixed duration and are generally listed and traded on the stock exchange. Investors buy and sell fund shares through the secondary market.
Three, according to the different organizational forms, can be divided into enterprise funds and contract funds. A fund is established by issuing fund shares to establish an investment fund company, which is usually called a corporate fund; The establishment of fund managers, fund custodians and investors through fund contracts is usually called contractual funds. China's securities investment funds are all contractual funds.
Four, according to the different investment risks and benefits, can be divided into growth, income and balanced funds.
Five, according to the different investment objects, can be divided into stock funds, bond funds, money market funds, futures funds belong to trust funds, refers to the fund size has been determined before the issuance, after the completion of the issuance of fixed trading in the securities market within a specified time.
6. Because closed-end funds are traded by bidding in securities trading, the transaction price is affected by the relationship between market supply and demand, which does not necessarily reflect the net asset value of the fund, that is, the transaction price of closed-end funds is at a premium or discount relative to its net asset value. The practice of foreign closed-end funds shows that the transaction price often has the price fluctuation law of first premium and then discount. Judging from the operation of closed-end funds in China, no matter how the fundamental situation changes, the transaction price trend of closed-end funds in China has never deviated from the price fluctuation law of first premium and then discount.
Seven, the relationship between open-end funds and closed-end funds.
Open-end funds and closed-end funds are isomorphic, forming two basic modes of fund operation. Open-end fund means that the fund scale is not fixed.