1, richness. The total area of Yunnan province accounts for 4% of the whole country, and the variety of various things is close to or more than half of the whole country. Medicinal materials, flowers and fungi rank first in the country, and rare species resources account for 67.5% of the country, ranking first in the country. Ecosystem types are diverse and unique, which can be called the epitome of the world's ecological types.

2. unique. Yunnan Province is also one of the most widely distributed endemic genera in China, with a large number of relict species, endemic species and ancient species.

3. Vulnerability. There are many wild species in Yunnan, but the number is small and the distribution area is narrow. In case of natural disasters or man-made destruction, it is easy to be endangered or even extinct. Once extinct, it can never be recovered.

Yunnan terrestrial ecosystem includes almost all ecosystem types on the earth, and the main types are forests, shrubs, meadows, swamps and deserts. The forest ecosystem is marked by trees, which mainly includes 169, accounting for 80% of China. Shrub ecosystem mainly includes four types: cold temperate shrub, warm limestone shrub, dry-hot valley shrub and hot floodplain shrub.

There are various types of meadows in Yunnan province, which are widely distributed, and they are mainly divided into three ecosystem types: alpine meadow, swamp meadow and cold meadow. The water ecosystem in Yunnan includes river ecosystem and lake ecosystem. The six major water systems in Yunnan, namely Jinsha River, Lancang River, Nujiang River, Irrawaddy River, Yuanjiang River and Nanpanjiang River, constitute the basic framework of Yunnan's freshwater ecosystem.

Species diversity:

The number of species in various taxa in Yunnan Province is close to or more than half of the whole country, among which bryophytes and birds account for the highest proportion, accounting for 68.2% and 66.8% respectively, followed by mammals, ferns, angiosperms and freshwater fishes, followed by gymnosperms, reptiles and amphibians.