Carbon funds mainly use public or private funds to purchase carbon credits generated by the project mechanism for reducing greenhouse gas emissions established by the Kyoto Protocol in the primary market.
The types of international carbon funds can be divided according to the fund formation and management mode, the investment purpose of the fund, the investment strategy of the fund and the investment projects for which the fund obtains credit. ?
Europe is the region with the earliest establishment of carbon funds and the largest number of carbon funds managed. ?
The following are carbon funds managed by the World Bank and other national carbon funds.
Time of establishment of various carbon funds of the World Bank
Comparison of World Bank Carbon Funds
Distribution of carbon funds in different countries
Number of carbon funds per country
Brief introduction of the world's first carbon fund and the earliest private carbon fund
The first carbon fund and the earliest private carbon fund in the world are introduced below.
Prototype Carbon Fund is the first carbon fund in the world, and it is a closed, multi-investor international trust fund for governments and enterprises. Its original intention is to understand, test and establish the international carbon market through "learning by doing". The Prototype Carbon Fund is initiated by the World Bank and consists of six countries (Canada, Finland, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Japan) and 65,438+07 private companies (BP, Central Japan, China, Northeast China, Tokyo, Kyushu, Shikoku Electric Power Company, Mitsubishi, Mitsui Co., Ltd., Deutsche Bank and RWE Germany). Electrabel Power Company in Belgium, fortum Company in Finland, Suez Group in France, NORSK Hydropower Company in Norway and STATOIL ASA Oil Company in Norway, with private investment accounting for 665,438+0%.
The World Bank aims to establish a prototype carbon fund:
(1) shows how project-based greenhouse gas emission reduction trading can promote the sustainable development of developing countries with economies in transition;
(2) Share our gains in the implementation of PCF project with relevant stakeholders;
(3) Show how the World Bank cooperates with the public and private sectors to mobilize new resources for its borrowing member countries and deal with global environmental problems.
By the end of 20 12, all the portfolio projects of the prototype carbon fund have produced emission reductions, and 85% of the projects have successfully completed the CDM project cycle and been issued by cer.
FE Global-Asia Clean Energy Service Fund was established in 2004. Co-sponsored by Central Japan Electric Power Company, Hokkaido Electric Power Company, Mitsubishi Corporation and Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC), it is the first energy service company fund (ESCO) in Asia and one of the earliest private carbon funds in the world. ?
ESCO is a special company, which improves the energy utilization rate and ensures the energy utilization rate by improving the equipment performance, and its benefits come from the reduction of customers' energy costs.
The fund manager is the FE clean energy group company headquartered in Connecticut, USA. Proparco, a private enterprise funded by the Asian Development Bank and the French government, also joined the fund, with a total capital of 50 million US dollars.
In developing countries, the lack of information and the high risk caused by the uncertainty of environmental regulations and policies require public and private partners to share risks. In addition to investment, Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) has improved its negotiation ability with the government, providing information on national risks and local investment conditions.
Both Japan's Central Electric Power Company and Mitsubishi Company plan to send a manager to the fund management company to evaluate the investment prospects, so as to give full play to the technology, experience and network of their respective companies.