Boyi and Shu Qi are two sons of Gu. My father wants Shu Qi to be the monarch. After his father died, Shu Qi gave way to his eldest brother Boyi. Boyi said, "This is my father's wish." So he ran away. Uncle Qi refused to inherit the throne and ran away. The countryman had to set up another brother. Just then, Boyi and Shu Qi heard that Xiboyi respected the elderly, so they discussed it. Why don't we go to him? When they arrived, Xibo was already dead, and his son King Wu was in his car with a spirit tablet, honoring him as King Wen, and was going to the east to crusade against Zhou Wang. Boyi and Shu Qi reined in the steeds of King Wu and urged, "How can my father be filial when he died and was not buried?" Can killing a king as a courtier be called benevolence? "featuring the people around you want to kill them. Shang said, "These are two righteous men! "Pick them up and send them away. After the suppression of the Yin rebellion, the whole world surrendered to the Zhou Dynasty, but Boyi and Shu Qi were ashamed of it, insisted on not eating the food of the Zhou Dynasty, lived in seclusion in shouyangshan, and collected Wei ferns to satisfy their hunger. When I was starving to death, I wrote a song, which said, "It's cruel to go to shouyangshan and pick EU for dinner, not cruel, and I don't know what's wrong? Shennong died in summer, I want to join! Alas, death is near, and life is dying! "Starved to death in shouyangshan. At the end of the Shang Dynasty, the youngest son of Gu (now Lulongxi, Hebei Province) was named Zhi.
Guan zhong:
Chinese name: Guan Zhong
Also known as Yi Guanzhong
Gender: male
Year: Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period
Year of birth and death:? —645
Related personnel: Bao Shu Ya.
biography
Guan zhong (? -645 years ago), the name is martial and the word is loyal, also known as Guan. Zhou Wang was born in Yingshang (by the Shui Ying River) and was born with his surname. Outstanding politicians, famous military strategists and military reformers in the Spring and Autumn Period helped Qi Huangong become the first overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period. For Guan Zhong's remarks, see Strange Words of Mandarin. Another book, Guanzi, has been handed down from generation to generation.
Guan Zhong came from a poor family and studied hard since childhood. He knows "poetry" and "books", understands etiquette, is rich in knowledge, and has high martial arts. He and his friend Bao are Gong Zijiu's teachers respectively. In the 12th year of Qi Xianggong (686 BC), the state of Qi was in turmoil, and Sun was ignorant, so he killed King Qixiang and became king on his own. A year later, Gongsun Zan was killed in ignorance, leaving Qi without a monarch. Gong Zijiu and Xiao Bai, who are in exile, strive to return to China as soon as possible to seize the throne. In order to make Xiaobai a monarch, Guan Zhong tried to shoot him in the middle of the ambush, but the arrow hit Xiaobai's copper belt hook. Xiaobai pretended to be dead, and with Bao's help, he first returned to China and ascended the throne. He is the famous Qi Huangong in history. When Huan Gong ascended the throne, he managed to kill Gong Zijiu and Guan Zhong, the enemy who shot his own arrow. Bao tried to dissuade him, pointing out that Guan Zhong was a genius in the world, and asked Huan Gong to think about the prosperity of Qi, forget old grievances and reuse Guan Zhong. Duke Huan accepted the suggestion, took Zhong back to China, and soon got married and presided over the state affairs. Guan Zhong can display all his talents.
At first, Guan Zhong put forward the strategy of repairing neighbors to Huan Gong, starting from the inside and waiting for the situation to dominate. However, Duke Huan did not listen to him, and rashly attacked Lu in the following year, and was defeated by Lu in the battle of ladle.
After the war, Guan Zhong carried out a series of reforms to make Qi rich and strong as soon as possible, enriching the people, making the country rich and the army strong.
On the economic front, he emphasized that "the granary knows etiquette, food and clothing know honor and disgrace", and thought that whether the country can be stable and whether the people can abide by the law is closely related to whether the economy develops. He abolished the public land system that Qi still kept, and implemented the land tax policy based on the fertility of the land, which made the tax more reasonable and improved the people's enthusiasm for production. Set up salt officials to cook salt, set up iron officials to develop fisheries, and the state minted coins to adjust prices and promote commodity circulation; Encourage businessmen to trade with overseas countries. Qi's economy has developed rapidly.
Politically, we should adjust administrative divisions and institutions. Divide the capital into 2 1 towns. Among them, there are 6 industrial and commercial townships, and the villagers specialize in this industry and refuse to perform military service, and there are 5 rural townships/kloc-0. In wartime, villagers usually farm and serve as soldiers. Outside the capital, it is divided into cities, towns, townships and counties, all of which are managed by officials. 10 county genus 1 genus, there are 5 genera in China and 5 doctors in charge. At the beginning of each year, five doctors report their internal affairs to the monarch. This formed the rule of the whole country.
On the military side, Guan Zhong thinks that soldiers are not good enough, and emphasizes that soldiers should be brought into agriculture and the administrative Baojia system should be closely integrated with military organizations. In rural areas, five are 1 tracks, 1 tracks are 1 Li, four are 1 company, 1 company is1township, and five townships are1army. Each family has 1 soldiers, and 1 army has 10,000 soldiers. There are three armies in China. The monarch commands 1 Army and two ministers command 1 Army. Every spring and autumn, the army uses hunting training to improve its combat effectiveness.
Thanks to Guan Zhong's reform, Qi became strong rapidly. Guan Zhong also proposed to Qi Huangong the strategy of dominating the Central Plains, that is, "respecting the king and rejecting foreign countries". The so-called "respect for the king" means supporting the Zhou royal family. At that time, the decline of the royal family in the Western Zhou Dynasty caused wars among countries. First of all, hold up the statue of Wang Daqi, and you can gain the position of leader by Zhou's life. The so-called "resistance to foreigners" means that the Miao and Rong people in northern China used the war between the Central Plains countries at that time to invade China, posing a serious threat to all countries, taking the lead in cutting foreigners and winning the support of all countries.
In the thirty-fourth year of Qi Huangong (652 BC), King Hui of Zhou died. Together with the vassal States, Zheng was made the son of heaven, that is, King Xiang of Zhou. After King Xiang of Zhou acceded to the throne, he sent people to offer sacrifices to Huan Gong as a reward. Duke Huan convened a gift-giving ceremony in Kuiqiu (near Kaocheng, Henan Province), and made a covenant on the basis of Guan Zhong's suggestion. At this point, with the assistance of Guan Zhong, Qi Huangong presided over three armed alliances, six peace alliances and once assisted the royal family. He was known as the "Nine Princes, Conquering the World" and became a recognized hegemon. Guan Zhong made an immortal contribution to the creation of hegemony. Because of his outstanding achievements, he was named Guan Zhong by Huan Gong.
Guan Zhong was a statesman of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period. My name is Yi Wu, also known as Guan. It is said that he did business in his early years and then engaged in political activities. In the struggle for the throne between Xiao Bai (Qi Huangong) and Gong Zijiu, the sons of Qi, Guan Zhong once supported Gong Zijiu. After Xiao Bai acceded to the throne, he put aside the past and reused Guan Zhong. Guan Zhong also helped Qi Huangong to carry out reforms. Politically, the system of participating in and discussing state affairs and despising the state is implemented, that is, the monarch and the second secretary jointly govern the state, set up military organizations at all levels, and stipulate that scholars, industry and commerce go their own ways; Economically, the tax system reform was implemented, and the mining fields "declined everywhere" (see pre-Qin taxation), and some policies conducive to the development of agriculture and handicrafts were adopted.
On the basis of stabilizing and improving the domestic political and economic situation, Guan Zhong actively urged Qi Huangong to adopt the policy of respecting the king, resisting foreign countries and seeking hegemony. The so-called "resisting foreign aggression" means resisting the glory and virtue of invading China. In 649 BC, Yang rejected the army's invasion of the imperial city. In the following two years, vassal states headed by Qi sent troops to defend the capital. In the first 644 years, Shan Rong cut Yan, and the Qi army saved Yan. Before 66 1, it attacked Xing (now Xingtai, Hebei) and destroyed Wei (now Qixian, Henan) the following year. In the following two years, the vassal states headed by Qi restored the state of Wei, and built the capital of Wei in Chuqiu (now east of hua county, Henan). The so-called "respecting the king" means respecting the power of the king of Zhou. Before 655, the Qi army and the vassal army attacked Chu, forcing Chu to send silk to the royal family (Bao Mao was the first to say). In the alliance speech of Kwai Qiuhui, there are some provisions, such as punishing unfilial people, which are more likely to lose the prince, forbidding concubines to be the first wives, and forbidding to enfeoffment the country privately, all in order to maintain the patriarchal clan system under the rule of the Zhou Emperor. The so-called win-over of the country is to gain the support of small and medium-sized vassal States by military and economic means. Countries such as Tan (now east of Jinan, Shandong Province) and Sui (now southwest of Feicheng, Shandong Province) once despised Qi and were wiped out by Qi. Those who obey will get rich rewards when they come to the imperial court for employment. 65 1 year ago, Qi convened a meeting in Kwai Chung, and determined that no river embankment should be built between the vassal states to harm neighboring countries, and no grain should be sold to neighboring countries on purpose.
Guan Zhong's internal and external policies are a mixture of conservatism and innovation, with obvious duality and transition. But after all, he helped Qi Huangong establish hegemony.
Writer-Sima Qian:
Sima Qian (about 145 BC-the first 90 years) was born in xia yang (now Hancheng, Shaanxi). /kloc-started reading ancient books at the age of 0/0, and studied very hard. When he meets a difficult problem, he always thinks over and over again until he understands it. At the age of 20, Sima Qian set out from Chang 'an and traveled around the world. Later, I returned to Chang 'an and became a doctor. The doctor guarded the palace gate, rode horses and traveled with the emperor. He made several voyages with Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and visited many places. At the age of 35, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent him to Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou. He learned about the customs of some ethnic minorities there. After the death of his father Sima Tan, Sima Qian succeeded to the throne as Taishiling in 108 BC (the third year of Yuanfeng). In BC 104 (the first year of Tai Chu), he signed taichu calendar with astronomer Tang Dou and others. In the same year, I began to compile historical records. In 99 BC (the second year of Tian Han), Li Ling attacked the Huns and was defeated and surrendered. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was furious. Sima Qian defended Li Ling, angered Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, was arrested and imprisoned, and issued a letter. He paid for atonement according to the laws of the Han Dynasty and was "corrupted". In 96 BC (the first year of Taishi), he was pardoned and released from prison, issued a written order and mastered the confidential documents of the emperor. He wrote a book in anger, and finally completed the writing and revision of the whole book at the age of 55. In addition to historical records, Sima Qian also wrote eight poems, all of which have been lost. Only the 30th volume of Literary and Art Newspaper quoted the fragment of Fu's Mourning for the Past. He also wrote "Bao Ren An", describing his imprisonment and his ambition to make a fuss about history.
Bin Sun:
Sun Bin's date of birth and death is unknown, and his real name is unknown. Because he was whipped (his kneecap was removed), he was named Sun Bin. He is a descendant of Sun Wu and was born between Forrest Gump of Qi (now Acheng Town, Yanggu County, Shandong Province). Chengbei District, Juancheng County). Military strategist of Qi State during the Warring States Period. An outstanding strategist and military theorist in the history of China. He is the author of Sun Bin's Art of War.
According to legend, I studied the art of war with Pang Juan in my early years. Later, Pang Juan became a general in Wei State and won the trust of Wang Wei. But he thought he was not as talented as Sun Bin, so he plotted to send someone to cheat Sun Bin. After Sun Bin arrived, Pang Juan became more and more afraid that Sun Bin could surpass himself and be more jealous of him, so he deliberately framed Sun Bin, cut off his kneecap under the pretext of law and tattooed his forehead. Sun Bin also got its name. Pang Juan's purpose is to bury Sun Bin and make the world invincible. Soon, an emissary of Qi came to Wei Liang. Sun Bin met him secretly as a criminal and persuaded him to do it. The emissary of Qi thought Sun Bin was a wizard, so he secretly drove him back to Qi. Tian Ji, the general of Qi State, appreciated Sun Bin's talent very much and regarded him as a distinguished guest.
Sun Bin's military talent was soon discovered by the King of Qi. At that time, Qi Weiwang often gambled with princes and nobles in horse-drawn carriages. Tian Ji once lost the race because of the horse's poor footwork. Bin Sun observed this kind of competition and found that the horse's foot strength can be divided into three grades: upper, middle and lower, and the difference between each grade is not great. Once, Sun Bin said to Tian Ji, "You can make a big bet. I have my own way to let you win. " Tian Ji admired Sun Bin's extraordinary intelligence, so according to Sun Bin's opinion, he played a daughter's bet with Qi Weiwang and the nobles.
Before the race began, Sun Bin told Tian Ji, "You should first race your inferior horse with their superior horse, then race your superior horse with their middle horse, and finally race your middle horse with their inferior horse." Two wins and one loss in three games, and finally won the king of Qi's thousand two hundred gold. Tian Ji therefore recommended Sun Bin to Qi Weiwang. Qi Weiwang asked Sun Bin for advice on the art of war, deeply impressed by Sun Bin's military superiority, and now worshipped him as a general. The story of horse racing in Sun Bin has since become the most primitive and vivid example of military strategy.
In the sixteenth year of the Jin Dynasty (354 BC), Wei sent Pang Juan with an army of 80,000, starting from Daliang (now the northwest of Kaifeng City, Henan Province) and attacking Handan, the capital of Zhao in the north (now the southwest of Handan, Hebei Province). Unable to break the siege of Wei Jun, Zhao turned to Qi for help. When the King of Qi wanted to use Sun Bin as a general, Sun Bin politely declined, saying, "You can't punish others for crimes." (Historical Records, Biography of Sun Tzu Wuqi) So in 353 BC, the king of Qi sent Tian Ji as the general and Sun Bin as the strategist, sitting on a military vehicle and planning, and led 80,000 troops to save Zhao. Tian Ji wanted to lead the troops to take Zhao directly, but Sun Bin dissuaded him: "If you want to untie the tangled silk rope, you must figure out its knot and don't smash it with your fist;" If you want to stop fighting, don't help fight; Avoidance of reality is illusory, and deterring and stopping the enemy in the situation will naturally clear the obstacles. Now that Wei is attacking Zhao, its light soldiers and sharp soldiers are bound to be at the front, while the old, weak and disabled soldiers stay at home. You might as well lead troops to besiege the girders, occupy the main roads and attack the emptiness of their defense. Wei will definitely give up attacking Zhao and save himself. In this way, the siege of Zhao was solved in one fell swoop and the effect of attacking Wei was achieved. "Tian Ji adopted Sun Bin's suggestion of criticizing Kang He's vaudeville, and assembled the main force in the preset position in Guiling (now northwest of Henan placanticline) to prepare for body count. About November, Pang Juan returned to Guilin, was stopped by the Qi army, and was defeated. From then on, the successful experience of encircling Wei to save Zhao was used for reference by China military strategists and occupied an important position in the history of China War.
Although Wei Jun was defeated in the Battle of Guiling, his strength did not suffer much. Thirteen years after the Battle of Guiling (34 1 16 years), Wei joined forces with Zhao to attack South Korea, and South Korea turned to Qi for help. So when the two armies of Korea and Wei were exhausted, Qi appointed Tian Ji as the general, Sun Bin as the strategist, and sent troops to save Korea, with the capital of Wei as the girder. When Wei learned that the Qi army had attacked Wei to save North Korea, he immediately withdrew the troops that surrounded North Korea and returned to the main beam. Wei Huiwang, the monarch of Wei, was determined to concentrate his main force to meet the Qi army to avenge the failure of the Battle of Guiling. So he ordered Prince Shen to be the upper general and Pang Juan to be the general, and led 654.38+ 10,000 troops to take the initiative to meet the Qi army and seek a decisive battle. Sun Bin suggested to Tian Ji: Take advantage of the brave attitude of the soldiers in Sanjin, despise Qi, think that Qi is timid, show weakness, lure the enemy to pursue, and then take advantage of the gap to give a fatal blow. Sun Bin also specially put forward the method of luring the enemy: after contacting Wei Jun, he pretended to retreat, digging 100,000 stoves on the first day of retreat, reducing it to 50,000 on the second day and 30,000 on the third day, which made Wei Jun mistakenly think that a large number of soldiers of the Qi army fled every day, and their combat effectiveness was rapidly weakened and they tried their best to catch up. Sure enough, Pang Juan was ecstatic when he saw that Qi's stoves were getting less and less every day. "I knew Qi was timid. Only three days after entering our country, the soldiers fled more than half! " So he left the infantry and only led some light and elite troops to catch up. Sun Bin estimated that Pang Juan's marching speed could reach Maling (now southwest of Fanxian County in Hannan) in the dark, and Maling Road was narrow, with many obstacles beside it, which could ambush military forces. He ordered the bark of the big tree to be cut off and wrote on the bare bare wood: "Pang Juan died under this tree." Then he ordered the 10,000 sharpshooters of the Qi army to ambush on both sides of the road with strong crossbows in their hands, and agreed to say, "At night, the fire lights up and ten thousand arrows are fired." Pang Juan came to the big tree at night and saw the words written on the white wood. Before I could read the words on the tree, the Qi army was in full swing, and Wei Jun was in a mess, so I forgot each other. Pang Juan realized that he had been defeated by Sun Bin's plan. However, he was still unconvinced and sighed before committing suicide: "He became the name of the vertical shaft!" (Biography of Sun Tzu's Wuqi in Historical Records) The Qi army attacked with a 56.438+million Wei Jun, captured Wang Wei Shen alive, and returned home in triumph. Sun Bin is also famous for its outstanding military talents.
1972 The Bamboo Slip Sun Bin's Art of War unearthed in Yinque Mountain, Linyi, Shandong Province reflects Sun Bin's military thoughts. Sun Bin's The Art of War generally inherited Sun Wu's military thoughts, summed up the war experience before the mid-Warring States period, and put forward some valuable viewpoints and principles in the aspects of war view, army building and operational guidance. Sun Bin believes that war has certain laws; Paying attention to "potential" in strategy and tactics means taking the initiative and advantage according to certain conditions; Break through the previous theory of quick victory and put forward the idea of lasting combat; Adapting to the economic development in the Warring States period, emphasizing siege; Only by defeating the army and killing the generals can we win and create the theory of annihilation; This paper expounds the application of vehicle base, the research of array method and the necessary conditions on the battlefield. These are all appreciated and valued by Chinese and foreign scholars.
Comments: Sun Bin has demonstrated his outstanding military ability in commanding the horse racing in Tian Ji and the battle between Guiling and Maling. He can correctly choose the time and space of the battle strategically, and tactically guide the situation to create an illusion. He used strategies such as besieging Wei to save Zhao, criticizing Kang to destroy the enemy, and showing the enemy by lowering the kitchen, which made the enemy make a wrong judgment and surrender voluntarily, and wrote a glorious chapter in the history of China War. In particular, his tactics of "encircling Wei to save Zhao" have been used for reference by military strategists of past dynasties.
Lu Xun:
Lu Xun, writer, thinker and revolutionary. Formerly known as Zhou Shuren,No. Yucai. People from Shaoxing, Zhejiang. I started studying at the age of seven, and at the age of twelve, I studied with an old gentleman in Jason Wu. At the age of thirteen, great changes have taken place at home, and the economic situation has gradually become difficult. Later, his father fell ill, which made him feel indifferent and contemptuous, and "saw the true face of the world".
1898 left his hometown and was admitted to Nanjing Jiangnan Naval Academy; Later, he transferred to the Mine Road School affiliated to Jiangnan Lushi School. 1902 after graduation, he was selected to study in Japan, first studying medicine, and then abandoning medicine to join literature in order to change the national spirit. 1909 returned to China in August.
After the Revolution of 1911, Cai Yuanpei invited him to work in the Ministry of Education of Nanjing Provisional Government, and then moved to Beiping with his Ministry. 19 18, Diary of a Madman, the first vernacular novel of new literature, was published in New Youth, which officially started a brilliant creative career. By 1926, collections of short stories such as Scream and Wandering have been published one after another.
The "April 12th" counter-revolutionary coup made his thoughts leap forward, and the theory of evolution dominated Marxist class theory. 1930 When the "Left League" was founded in March, it was recommended as a member of the Standing Committee and became the leader of the left-wing cultural movement under the leadership of China's * * * production party.
The essays in recent ten years are more profound and sharp, like daggers and spears, and full of the spirit of materialist dialectics. These works are included in several albums, such as Jia Xu Ji, Three Ji Xian, Two Hearts Ji, Nanqiang Beiji, Pseudo-Free Book, Quasi-romance, Lace Literature, Essays on Street Pavilion, etc. 193610 June19 died in Shanghai.
Mao Zedong thinks that Lu Xun is "the greatest and most heroic standard bearer in the new culture army" and "the most enthusiastic and unprecedented national hero". "He is not only a great writer, but also a great thinker and revolutionary"; "Lu Xun's direction is the direction of the new culture of the Chinese nation."
Ba Jin, the great literary master of China, died in Shanghai at 09: 06 on 17 10. 10 1 year.
Ba Jin's life:
Ba Jin1904165438+10 was born in Zhengtongshun Street, Chengdu, Sichuan, with the original name of Li Yaotang. Chengdu, Sichuan, has no party affiliation. 192 1, admitted to Chengdu International Studies University. 1923 went to Shanghai, then went to Nanjing, studied in the middle school affiliated to Southeast University, and graduated 1925. 1927 lives in France. /kloc-returned to China in 0/928 and served as the editor-in-chief of Shanghai Cultural Life Publishing House and Pingming Publishing House, and the editorial board of Literature Quarterly. 1934 to Japan. After returning to China from 65438 to 0935, he served as the editor-in-chief of Shanghai Cultural Life Publishing House, publishing Cultural Life Series, Literature Series and Small Literature Series. Literature Monthly was founded by 1936 and Jin Yi. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, he founded the Lighthouse with Mao Dun and served as the director of the National Anti-Japanese Association of Ren Zhonghua.
After 1950, he successively served as vice chairman and chairman of Shanghai Federation of Literary and Art Circles, member of the State Council Culture and Education Committee, member of East China Military Commission Culture and Education Committee, vice chairman of China Federation of Literary Circles, vice chairman, acting chairman and chairman of Chinese Writers Association, chairman of Shanghai Branch of Chinese Writers Association, vice chairman of Shanghai CPPCC, editor-in-chief of Literature Monthly, Harvest and Shanghai Literature, and chairman of China Mao Dun Literature Award Committee. 1In March 1993, he was elected as the vice chairman of the Eighth China People's Political Consultative Conference. 1996 12 was elected as the chairman of the fifth Committee of the Chinese Writers Association. 1In March 1998, he was elected as the vice chairman of the 9th China People's Political Consultative Conference. 200 1 12 was elected as the chairman of the sixth Committee of the Chinese Writers Association. In March 2003, he was elected as the vice chairman of the 10th China People's Political Consultative Conference. He was a deputy to the First to Fourth National People's Congress and a member of the Fifth the NPC Standing Committee.
Ba Jin bibliography
Death (medium part) 1929, enlightenment.
Anarchism and Practical Problems (Theory) co-authored with Ke Gang, 1927, Shanghai Civil Society.
From Capitalism to Anarchism (Theory) 1930, Shanghai Free Bookstore.
The Dead Sun (novella) 193 1, awakened.
Revenge (Collection of Short Stories) 193 1, New China
Fog (one of the love trilogy, novella) 193 1, New China.
Dream of the Sea (novella) 1932, New China.
Autumn in spring (novella) 1932, Wu
Maritime Navigation (prose collection), also known as Maritime Navigation, 1932, New China.
Guang (Collection of Short Stories) 1932, New China.
Rain (the second trilogy of love, novella) 1933, good friend.
Satin (novella) 1933, Wu.
Electric chair (collection of short stories) 1933, New China.
Rags (Collection of Short Stories) 1933, Xingyuntang Bookstore, Beiping.
Home (one of the torrent trilogy novels, also known as torrent) 1933, Wu.
Germination (novella, also known as snow) 1933, modern
Freshman (novella) 1933, enlightened.
Travel Essays (Prose Collection) 1934, Life
General (Collection of Short Stories) 1934, Life
Ba Jin's autobiography (biography) 1934, China.
Electricity (the third novel of the love trilogy) 1935, good friend.
(fog, rain and electricity are tied together to form a love trilogy 1936, good friend)
Didi (Prose Collection) 1935, Enlightened
Ghost man (short story) 1935, Vincent.
Ba Jin's collection of short stories (volume1-3)1936-1942, enlightened.
Confessions of Life (Essays) 1936, Business.
Fall and fall (short story collection, also known as fall) 1936, business.
Memories (Memoirs) 1936, Vincent.
The Story of Hair (Collection of Short Stories) 1936, Vincent.
Wen Sheng Wanshou Pagoda (Fairy Tales) 1937
Ray (Collection of Short Stories) 1937, Vincent.
Short Notes (Prose Collection) 1937, good friends.
Complaint (Prose Collection) 1937, Chongqing Huo Feng Institution.
Spring (the second novel of the torrent trilogy) 1938, Wu.
Dream and drunkenness (essays) 1938, Wu.
Feeling (Prose Collection) 1939, Chongqing Huo Feng Institution.
Black soil (essays) 1939. VINCENT
Autumn (the third novel of the torrent trilogy) 194O, Wu.
Lena (novella) 1940, Vincent.
Fire (* * * three novels, the second is also called Feng, and the third is also called Tian) 1940- 1945, Wu.
Star (English-Chinese bilingual novella) 194 1, Hong Kong Gear Editors' Society.
Untitled (Prose Collection) 194 1, Wensheng
Dragon Tiger Dog (Prose Collection) 194 1, Vincent.
Huan Qingcao (Collection of Short Stories) 1942, Wen Sheng
Outside the Wild Garden (Prose Collection) 1942, Chongqing Huofeng Society.
Little people and trivia (collection of short stories) 1943, Wen Sheng.
The rest garden (novella) 1944, Vincent.
Ward 4 (Part One) 1946, good friend.
Travel Miscellaneous Notes (Prose Collection) 1946, Shanghai Ye Wan Bookstore.
Cold night (novel) 1947, morning light
Miss (Prose Collection) 1947, Enlightened.
Tragedy in the Quiet Night (Essays) 1948, Wen Sheng.
Nazi murder factory-Auschwitz (essays) 195 1, Pingming
Festivals in Warsaw-Polish Miscellanies (Prose Collection) 195 1, Pingming
Selected works of Ba Jin (short stories and essays) 195 1, enlightened.
Letters of condolence and others (essays) 195 1, Pingming
Living among Heroes (essays) 1953, Humanities
The story of a hero (a collection of short stories and essays) 1953, Pingming.
People who defend peace (essays and newsletters) 1954, Zhongqing.
Selected Works of Ba Jin's Short Stories 1955, Humanities
Ba Jin's Prose Collection 1955, Humanities
Talking about Qi (Theory) 1955, Pingming
Happy days (essays) 1957, writer.
Strong warrior (prose collection) 1957, son.
Pearl and Yuji (Collection of Children's Short Stories) 1957, Children.
Life-saving War (Reportage) 1958, Zhongqing
Collected Works of Ba Jin (Volume1-14)1958-1962, Humanities.
Selected Works of Ba Jin (short stories and essays) 1959, Humanities
New Sound Collection (Prose Short Stories Collection) 1959, Humanities
Friendship Collection (Prose Collection) 1959, writer.
Pigs and chickens (short story) 1959, writer.
Anthem Collection (Prose Collection) 1960, Shanghai Literature and Art.
Li Dahai (short stories) 196 1, writer.
Unforgettable Feeling (Prose Collection) 1963, Hundred Flowers
"Good Bridge" (essay) 1964, writer.
Journey to Dazhai (prose) 1965, from Shanxi.
Ba Jin's recent works (No.65438+0,2, Prose Collection) 1978- 1980, from Sichuan.
Dream of the sea (short stories) 1979, humanities
Fireworks Collection (Prose Collection) 1979, Humanities
Random thoughts (essays) 1979, Hong Kong Sanlian.
Selected Short Stories of Ba Jin (Volume I) 1980, Sichuanese.
Selected Works of Ba Jin (Volume I) 1980, Humanities
Exploration Collection (Prose Collection, Random Thoughts Collection 1) 198 1, Hong Kong Sanlian.
Selected Works of Ba Jin (Prose and Short Stories) 198 1. Hong Kong Zhaoming Publishing House.
Memoirs of Creation 198 1, Hong Kong Sanlian
Exploration and Memory (the third collection of Ba Jin's recent works 1) 1982, from Sichuan.
Selected Works of Ba Jin (Volume 1- 10, collection of novels and essays) 1982, Sichuanese.
Memoirs of Creation (Prose Collection) 1982, Humanities
Flower City Preface and Postscript Collection (Prose Collection) 1982
Selected Prose of Ba Jin (Volume I) 1982, from Zhejiang.
Memories (Prose Collection) 1982, from Ningxia.
Truth Collection (Essays Collection of Random Thoughts Volume III) 1982, Hong Kong Sanlian.
Ba Jin's Theory of Creation 1983, Shanghai Literature and Art.
Selected Prose of Ba Jin 1983, Federation of Literary and Art Circles.
Literary Memoirs, co-authored with Lao She and others, 1983, Sichuanese.
Disease Collection (Essays Collection of Random Thoughts Volume 4) 1984, Hong Kong Sanlian.
Childhood memories. (Memoirs) 1984, Sichuan Children.
Wish to Turn the Earth (Prose Collection) 1984, Hundred Flowers
Accusations (Prose Collection) 1985, Literature and Art in the Straits.
From the Heart (Collection No.4 of Ba Jin's Recent Works) 1986, Sichuan Literature and Art.
A dream after ten years (essays) 1986, People's Daily Press.
Selected Works of Ba Jin in Sixty Years (Prose Collection) 1986, Shanghai Literature and Art.
Complete Works of Ba Jin (Volume 1-6) 1986- 1988, Humanities (incomplete)
Untitled Collection (Collected Works Volume 5) 1986, Hong Kong Sanlian.
Ba Jin (short stories and essays) 1986, Hong Kong Sanlian.
Selected Works of Contemporary Ba Jin 1986, Hunan Literature and Art.
Looking for an ideal young friend (collection of letters) 1987, son.
Sanlian Snow Mud Collection (Letter Collection) 1987
The new version of Ba Jin's letters, 1987, Sichuan literature and art.
Translated works:
Aris's Scientific Socialism (Theory), 1927, Minzhong Society.
Russian Kropotkin's Introduction to Bread (Theory), 1927, Shanghai Free Bookstore; Also known as bread and freedom, 1940, Pingming
Russian Kropotkin's Prison and Prison Break (Memoirs), translated by Li Shizeng, 1927, Guangzhou Innovation Publishing House.
Na Wei (a collection of short stories and plays) written by Polish Liao, co-translated with Li Shizeng, 1928, Enlightened.
Philosophy of Life: Its Origin and Development (Part I, Theory) by Russian Kropotkin, 1928- 1929, Shanghai Free Bookstore.
For knowledge and freedom (short story collection), waiting for Prilock in Russia, 1929, New Universe.
The Fisherman's Life (Biography) by Italian Van Zait, 1929, Shanghai Free Bookstore.
Russian Kropotkin's proudhon's Philosophy of Life (Theory) 1929, Shanghai Free Bookstore.
The night before (script) is written by Pirario Camford, 1930, Shanghai Qizhi Bookstore.
The death of Dandong (script) by Tolstoy, Soviet Union, 1930, Enlightened.
Prairie Tales (short stories) by Gorky, Soviet Union, 193 1, Shanghai Malaya Bookstore.
Autumn Spring (novel) Hungarian Yuli Baki, 1932, enlightened.
"Flowers of Passers-by" (script) Amicus of Italy, 1933, Enlightened.
Autobiography of Russian Kropotkin, 1933, Shanghai Xinmin Bookstore.
A prison story in berkman, USA (biography), 1935, Vincent.
History of Russian Nihilism (History) Author: Stepanak, Russia, 1936, Vincent.
Threshold (Short Stories) Waiting in Turgenev, Russia, 1936, Vincent.
The night is still young (script) Liao Kangfu of Poland, 1937, Vincent.
Russian Kropotkin's Tell the Youth (Theory), 1937, Ping She Publishing Department, San Francisco, USA.
A family drama (biography, also known as family drama) of Russian herzen, 1940, Vincent.
Song of Rebels (Poems) Russian Pu Shigeng et al., 194O, Wen Sheng.
Father and Son (Novel) Turgenev, Russia, 1943, Vincent.
Late Rose Bloom (Short Story) by Storm, 1943, Vincent.
Russian Turgenev's Virgin Land (Novel), 1944, Vincent.
Russian Turgenev's Prose Poems (Collection of Prose Poems), 1945, Wen Sheng.
Happy Prince (a collection of fairy tales and prose poems), Wilde, England, 1948, Vincent.
Memoirs of Tolstoy by Gorky of the Soviet Union, 1950, Pingming
Memoirs of Turgenev by Pavlovsky of Russia, Pingming, 1950.
Gorky's Prairie Collection (short story collection) of the Soviet Union, 1950, Pingming.
Turgenev's collection of short stories was written by Turgenev in Russia and translated with Xiao Shan.
Lao she:
Lao She is a novelist and playwright in China. Born in 1899 and died in 1966, Manchu, originally from Beijing. Formerly known as Shu Qingchun, the word Sheyu. Lao She is his most commonly used pen name.
Lao She's major works include: Camel Xiangzi, Zhao Ziri, Lao Zhang's Philosophy, Four Generations under One Family, Two Horses, Xiaopo's Birthday, Divorce, A Tale of Cat City, Under the Red Flag, Remnant Fog, Fang's Pearl and Face Problems. Reportage "Unknown Highland" is well-known, with novellas "Crescent Moon", "My Life" and "Export", and short story collections such as Market, Sakura Sea Collection, Mussel Algae Collection, Train Collection, Anemia Collection and Lao She's Works Collection (16 volume).
19 18 Graduated from Beijing Normal University, principal of Beijiao Primary School, student counselor. The ideological trend of democracy, science and personality liberation set off by the May 4th New Culture Movement changed him from "seriously running primary schools" to "seriously running primary schools".