Generally, the increase of monocytes is mainly caused by infectious diseases, so it's okay for doctors to prescribe some antiviral drugs for you. Personally, I think it's ok to prescribe some anti-inflammatory drugs, mainly because of inflammation. Don't worry, just take the medicine on time for a week at most. Just eat some more fruits and drink more water.
disease description
SVI for short. Viral infectious diseases with very long incubation period. Also known as delayed viral infection. After the onset, the disease progressed quite rapidly and almost never improved and died. Most of them invade the central nervous system of mammals (encephalopathy of mink, Scarpie of sheep, Kuru of human and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, etc.), and there are also pneumonia caused by Visra and Maedi of sheep, nephritis caused by Aleutian disease of mink, etc. The reason for the long incubation period is still unclear, and it is considered that it is caused by the complex interaction between the virus and the host. In recent years, measles virus was first isolated from the brains of people with SSPE, and accumulated abundant data. In addition, there is a DNA-type viroid about the pathogen of Scrapie in sheep.
[ Edit this paragraph] Immunological research On December 28th, 26, the website of Nature will report the new findings of researchers from Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Emory University in the United States. They found that the immune effect driven by CD8T cells in mice was caused by a gene. This discovery makes it possible to improve the depletion of CD8 cells in patients and improve the level of immune system defense against chronic viral infections including hepatitis and AIDS. "CD8T cells that cope with virus infection have been found to have the function of" remembering "the viruses they encounter, so they can respond quickly to new infections of these viruses," said Dr. Gordon Freeman, the author of the study. However, in the case of chronic virus infection, memory cells will gradually run out and lose the ability to respond to viruses. Why this happens at the molecular level is still unclear. Another lead author, Dr. Rafi Ahmed of Emory University, added. In order to find out the reason, Gordon Freeman and his colleagues did a "micro-sequence" experiment, which detected the activities of thousands of genes in normal memory CD8T cells and "exhausted" cells in mice. They found that a gene called PD-1 was more active in "exhausted" cells. It is concluded from previous studies that PD-1 is related to a specific receptor of CD8 cells and exists as a small pocket for receiving signals from other cells. In 21, Freeman and his colleagues found that when PD-1 receptor binds to PD-L1 molecule, the immune system's response to infection will be weakened. Freeman's team produced antibodies to block this reaction. "When * * * co-author, John Wherry of －Wistar Institute, found a high level of PD-1 gene in the micro-sequence experiment, we thought, did it lead to the depletion of CD8 cells?" Freeman said that he was also an assistant professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School. "We found that there were a large number of PD-1 receptors in depleted CD8T cells of mice, which blocked the combination of PD-1/PD-L1 and activated the response of cells to infection. Although it is not known why CD8 cells become exhausted-about one month after the infection begins. Scientists think it may be a part of the body system, which naturally stops the immune response after infection. If it lasts too long, the immune response may damage normal or healthy tissues. In the experiment of mice, CD8T cells will recover again. As long as the researchers continue to give PD-1/PD-L1 blockers, the possibility of immune system disorder becomes very small. The mechanism of human CD8T cells is similar to that of mice, and the new discovery can provide a simple immune pathway to treat chronic virus infection. Freeman Laboratory is also studying whether there are fewer anti-cancer T cells among individuals infected with AIDS and many types of tumor patients. "The potential application of this work is very extensive," Freeman stressed. It is worth mentioning that he and his colleagues have recently received the support from Bill Gates' Global Health Challenge Fund, and will further study hepatitis C infection.
[ Edit this paragraph] Reaction mode
The main problem in inventing vaccines or treating infectious diseases is that chronic infectious diseases can gradually block the reaction ability of immune T cells. Now, a research group led by researchers led by Emory University in the United States has revealed an important way for chronic viral infections to escape immune response. The results of this study were published in the recent online edition of PNAS (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences).
By using mouse model, researchers found that a chronic lymphocytic choroid plexus meningitis virus (LCMV) can attack a stromal cell called fibroblast reticular cell (FRC) in a lymphoid organ. However, acute virus has no effect on FRC.
FRC provides a three-dimensional network for immune cells to move and interact with other immune cells in lymphoid organs (spleen, lymph nodes). FRC is very important for the initiation of immune response. Scientists have found that the spread of FRC infection will lead to the destruction of this important stromal cell function. Last year, a team led by Emory scientist Rafi Ahmed found that in mice, another immune response pathway to chronic infection was interrupted-this is a pathway called PD-1 that blocks chronic LCMV response.
The research group found that the infection of FRC may be related to the PD-1 pathway previously found. PD-L1, the main ligand of PD-1, increased after FRC infection. PD-1 pathway may prevent the interaction between CD8+T cells and FRC, and prevent the destruction of FRC structure in spleen. This can help the virus continue to infect FRC, resulting in chronic and long-term virus existence.
lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) is an infection of the central nervous system caused by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Symptoms are mild like a cold, and a few typical people may have symptoms of meningitis. Generally, the disease is mild and the mortality rate is extremely low. There are few autopsy reports, so the pathological changes are unknown.
After the death of severe meningitis, autopsy found extensive perivascular mononuclear infiltration in cerebral cortex, medulla oblongata, pons and cerebellar cortex. Virus antigen was detected in nerve cells of meninges and cerebral cortex by immunofluorescence, which indicated that virus could directly invade nerve cells.
this disease is an inherent disease of domestic mice, and people are infected by eating food contaminated by urine and feces of diseased mice or inhaling polluted dust. There are not many human cases, but they are widely distributed in the world. There are cases in Europe, America and Asia, and a few cases have been reported in China. In addition, laboratory workers may also be infected.
Lymphocyte choroid plexus meningitis virus belongs to arenaviridae. After human beings are infected, most of them are recessive infections, and they can also get sick. The incubation period is 6 ~ 13 days. There are three clinical manifestations: influenza-like or non-nervous system infection, aseptic meningitis and meningoencephalitis. They used to be common. Flu-like symptoms include fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, headache, myalgia, runny nose, sometimes sore throat, joint pain, cough, photophobia, vomiting and rash, accompanied by leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. The course of disease lasts for 4 ~ 7 days and can be cured. Meningitis also has flu-like symptoms at the beginning, but it can cause fever again during the course of the disease, accompanied by headache, vomiting and signs of meningitis, such as neck stiffness and pathological reflex. The changes of cerebrospinal fluid are the increase of lymphocytes, the increase of protein content, and the cerebrospinal fluid contains viruses. The course of the disease lasts for several weeks and can be cured. Very few serious patients have coma and death. A few patients may have sequelae, such as Parkinson's syndrome. The virus infection can also cause teratoma, abortion and hydrocephalus of newborn.
when you have a fever, there is a virus in your blood. When the central nervous system is infected, there is virus in cerebrospinal fluid. Detection of IgM antibody in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in acute phase can be used as a method for early diagnosis. Neutralizing antibody appeared late and lasted for a long time, and its titer was not high.
At present, there is no specific therapy. Symptomatic therapy and supportive therapy can be used. Rodent control is the main measure to prevent this disease.