There are a large number of different kinds of animals in mangroves, many of which live in an amphibious way. One of them is an amphibious fish, which is a mudskipper. Types of mudskippers: There are two kinds of mudskippers, and the smaller one is more common, called Guangdong mudskippers (﹝perio-cantonensis﹞), and its body length can reach 100 mm. When the sea level is low, they can often be seen near the mudflats of mangroves; The other one is about Leo phthalmus boddaerti, which is about 200 mm long when it grows up. It doesn't adapt to land life like Guangdong mudskipper, and can only stay on the ground for a short time. At low tide, there are often their footprints near the water surface at the end of the pontoon bridge. Breathing system of mudskipper: Guangdong mudskipper is very suitable for semi-terrestrial life and can stay out of water for a long time. Its breathing method is to fill the cheek cavity with water first, and then let the water pass through the cheek. But the oxygen obtained in this way will soon be used up, and it must often go to small puddles or seaside to inhale fresh water. Pinball fish can also absorb oxygen through their skin, but they must keep their skin moist to do so; In fact, most Guangdong mudskippers take oxygen in this way. The breathing mode of mudskipper is inefficient, and it depends on letting water pass through gills, so it can't adapt to land life like Guangdong mudskipper, so it is rarely seen. Body of mudskipper: Guangdong mudskipper and Bo's mudskipper are dark taupe or green with a few black spots or diagonal lines on their bodies. Bullet fish has a pair of big protruding eyes, which grow on the top of the head; They have two dorsal fins and can rise and fall like sails. Most importantly, the pectoral fins of the mudskipper are muscular and strong, and the pectoral fins are connected and bent forward. They can be used as crutches to let them bounce freely on the surface of mud beach. If it bends to one side and then straightens out suddenly, it can move faster. Using these methods, mudskippers can "jump" more than half a meter. The ventral fins of the mudskipper combine to form a sucker, so it can climb on vertical planes such as stems and roots of mangroves. In water, these fins can swim normally like those of other fish. The eyes of the mudskipper can rotate, so its field of vision can be extended to every direction; It also has a special pleated layer, which allows the eyes to shrink into it for lubrication when they are on land; This is very important, because the mudskipper has no lacrimal gland and cannot protect the cornea from damage. Predation of mudskippers: Guangdong mudskippers are carnivores, mainly feeding on insects. All mudskippers are fine in the air, but in the water, the lens of their eyeballs can't form a clear image on the retina. Therefore, although it can feed on land and water, it prefers to leave the water to find food; On the other hand, Bo's giant mudskipper is an animal that eats mud. It hangs its head on the mud and sweeps around, sucking away a thin layer of nutritious algae and debris on the mud like a vacuum cleaner. In the nutrient circulation system of tidal flat surface, mudskipper plays a very important role; Because they eat dirt and sundries, they become the food of countless wading birds such as egrets and herons. Living environment of the mudskipper: The mudskipper lives in a vertical narrow hole with a diameter of about 2 cm. There are often two holes, about fifteen centimeters apart; The mud pile around the hole is brought to the ground by the mudskipper with its mouth when digging the hole and piled up around the hole. The two tunnels meet at the depth of underground 10 cm, and the joint is in a vertical tunnel, which is about 20 cm long; The caves of mudskippers are all Y-shaped. Breeding of mudskippers: Every breeding season, male mudskippers erect their dorsal fins and support their bodies with pectoral fins to attract female mudskippers. The attracted female mudskippers will go into the hole with the male mudskippers to lay eggs. From then on, the two fish lived together. The female mudskipper stayed in the cave and the male mudskipper was responsible for guarding it. According to the data, there are 70 species of mangrove plants belonging to 27 genera and 20 families in the world (Lin Peng, 1997). Except for three ferns, the real mangrove species are all trees or shrubs, and there are no herbs or vines. There are 12 families, 15 genera and 27 species (including 1 variety) in China. There are few species of mangrove plants in China and Hongkong. According to statistics, only 8 families 10 species (Zhang Hongda et al., 1986), 7 families and 8 species are common (Hotchkiss, 1986). The recent large-scale investigation shows that there are 7 families and 8 species (Tan & Huang, 2000). Among them, Kandelia candel, Aegiceras corniculata and Avicennia marina are the most common, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza is relatively rare, and Pterocarya rubra and Aegiceras corniculata are extremely rare. In addition, there are 0 families 1 17 associated plants (Zhang Hongda et al., 1986), among which hibiscus and mango are the most common. Tan & ampWong (2000) recently discovered *** 12 other associated plants. Animals in mangroves: Benthic animals in mangrove areas can be divided into arboreal animals, benthic animals and benthic animals due to different niches. Arboreal animals have vertical zoning phenomenon, and their vertical differentiation has a certain relationship with tidal level. Benthic organisms and zoobenthos are closely related to sediments in addition to tidal action. Basically, molluscs are the largest animal group in mangrove areas, accounting for about 2/5. There are 23 species of invertebrates in mangrove area of China, belonging to 15 family. Another study shows that the number of species is even more than this, and only 8 1 species (excluding insects) has been found in Mai Po. Among them, there are some famous benthic animals, such as the corner tide, Maibo Chironomid, Sawfish and so on. , and all kinds of benthic organisms that inhabit the aboveground and underground parts of mangroves all the year round, among which Gastropoda is the most common, such as? Assiminea, senhausia, Laternula truncata, etc. Another common animal in mangroves is birds. Among them, there are about 45 species of birds belonging to 17 family, but few of them live in mangroves all the year round, only night herons (Nycticorax nycticoras), yellow-bellied snipes (Prinia flaviventris), yellow-bellied snipes (Prinia subflava), egrets (Butorides stiriatus) and so on. However, as many as 250 species of birds spend the winter in mangroves in China and its nearby marshes, foraging or as stopovers for migration. They spend the winter in the south in spring and autumn every year, or stay here for a period of time during their breeding journey in the north, making use of the rich biological resources of mangroves and nearby swamp bays for a living and storing nutrients for future flights. Most of them concentrate on feeding in Mai Po swamp. There are not many vertebrates living in mangroves, only Guangdong mudskippers (Periophthalmus cantonensis) and Enhyaris benti. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 400 species of insects, more than 90 species of marine invertebrates and more than 50 species of discoid animals recorded in China mangrove (Mai Po). Types of mangroves: According to the composition, appearance, habitat, unique ecological scope and distribution area of the community, mangroves can be divided into two categories: beach-mangrove (true mangrove) and coastal semi-mangrove (extra-large * *), and then divided into various types according to the characteristics of the community. Beach mangroves/true mangroves are the main types of mangroves, or "typical mangroves", which are distributed in coastal areas intermittently submerged by tides. Mangrove plants are the main species, with wide distribution and large area. According to statistics, there are 9 species of mangrove plants in China and Hongkong, among which Kandelia candel, Paulownia and Avicennia marina are the most common, while Bruguiera gymnorrhiza is relatively rare. Coastal semi-mangrove trees are distributed in areas where tidal waves are difficult to reach, including common associated plants such as hibiscus, which are generally distributed in strips connected by coastal dikes and beach mangroves. The mainland is called "post-mangrove". The composition of this type is diverse, mainly non-mangrove salt-tolerant plants, and the distribution area is not large. In fact, the growth environment of mangroves is very bad, because the deep bay between China and Hong Kong is near the Pearl River Estuary, where salt and fresh water meet. The growth environment of mangroves contains a lot of salt, and the roots of mangroves are often soaked in water. If roots are soaked in water for a long time, they will rot, and there is less oxygen in the water, so mangroves have to compete with other creatures in the water for oxygen. In this harsh environment, they have to change themselves to adapt to the environment. It removes leaves to remove salt from the body, and it grows and reproduces quickly because it dilutes salt; In order to absorb more oxygen, it grows some oxygen permeable roots and columnar roots. The most obvious example of China and Hongkong is Avicennia marina.

Reference:. Geocities/Godzilla _ 52001/Mangrove 6

Mangrove * * *, free encyclopedia picture reference: upload.wikimedia/ * */Mons/Thumb /f/F0/ Mangrove /200px- Mangrove picture reference: zh. * */Skins-1.5/mon/images/Magnify-clip The aquatic and underwater parts of mangroves are a kind of mangroves. There are about 55 kinds of mangroves in the world. In Chinese mainland, mangroves are distributed in Hainan, Guangxi, Guangdong and Fujian. Growth picture reference: upload.wikimedia/ * */Mons/Thumb/9/95/world _ map _ mango _ distribution/250px-world _ map _ mango _ distribution picture reference: zh. * * */Skins-1.5/mon/images/Magnify-clip Mangroves in the world are a kind of coastal swamp flora in tropical and subtropical regions. They are located in estuaries and bays between 25 degrees north and south latitude in the world, and the area is mainly composed of mangrove evergreen shrubs, which generally grow in bays with weak tides and waves, and are very suitable for intertidal anoxic and high salinity soils. Importance Mangroves provide a good environment for the growth and development of marine animals through the transformation of food chain in the form of litter. At the same time, due to the development of tidal gullies in mangrove areas, animals in deep water areas are attracted to the mangrove areas for foraging, habitat, production and reproduction. Mangroves grow in subtropical and temperate zones and are rich in bird food resources. Therefore, the mangrove area is the wintering ground and migration transit point for migratory birds, and it is also the place where all kinds of seabirds feed, inhabit, produce and breed. Another important ecological benefit of mangrove is its functions of preventing wind and waves, promoting siltation and protecting beaches, strengthening dikes and protecting dikes, and purifying seawater and air. The intertwined developed roots can effectively intercept the incoming sand from the land and reduce the sediment concentration in the coastal waters; Thick and tall branches are like a green Great Wall, which can effectively resist the attack of wind and waves. Mangroves also have high economic value in industry and medicine. Protection Due to industrial and real estate development, mariculture and other reasons, the global mangrove wetland area has been greatly reduced in the past 40 years, which has caused serious damage to the ecological environment and biodiversity. [Edit the first paragraph] * * *, the free encyclopedia jumps to: navigation.

Search picture reference: upload.wikimedia/ * * */Mons/thumb/4/42/periophthalmus _ Modestus/180px-periophthalmus _ Modestus picture reference: zh. * * */Skins-1.5/mon/images/majestic-the whole body is grayish brown, with muddy tones and covered with dark stripes. Extra large pectoral fin is fleshy, suitable for muddy crawling, with slender body and flat tail. Common in mangrove wetlands in China, Hongkong and Taiwan Province. The common mudskippers are Guangdong mudskippers (﹝perio-cantonensis﹞), with a body length of100 mm; The other is called Bo-leophthalmus boddaerti, which is about 200 mm long when it grows up. It doesn't adapt to land life like Guangdong mudskipper, and can only stay on the ground for a short time. Directory [hidden] 1 features 1. 1 Guangdong mudskipper 1.2 Related news reports 3 See 4 Reference [Edit] Features Mud-coated mudskippers can breathe with moist skin and moisture in gill chambers, adapt to semi-water and semi-land intertidal environment, and live in estuaries, swamps and marshes. During the breeding season, male mudskippers will erect dorsal fins to attract females, and after success, they will drill into tunnels. [Editor] Guangdong mudskipper Guangdong mudskippers mainly eat crabs and insects, and most of them stay in the coastal mangroves. They are small, covered with dark stripes, and will adhere to vertical planes such as stones or mangrove trunks; Back in the water, mudskippers can swim like fish. Generally speaking, it is a good time to observe between full tide and just low tide. [Editor] The mudskipper is a large fish with algae and sundries on the mudflat and fluorescent blue spots on its body. The pectoral fin of the big mudskipper has joints, and the middle is bent forward, like a crutch, which helps to bounce or crawl; When the tide recedes, the big mudskipper will climb out of the hole. [Editor] Related news reports: In March 2007, a poisoning incident occurred in Guangdong, and many people ate Yunnan grass carp. This poisonous fish is similar to mudskipper in appearance, so it was once mistaken for being poisoned by eating mudskipper containing cigar toxin. On June 5438+065438+1October 15, 2007, the China branch of the World Wide Fund for Nature announced the voting results of "My Favorite Ocean 10 Treasure" on the public network. The online voting lasted for four months and selected the top ten most popular local marine life. The mudskipper got 269 votes and won the fifth place in "My Favorite Ocean 10 Treasure". [ 1]、 [2]、[3]

Mangroves: Mangroves are one of the main coastal natural phenomena in estuaries in tropical and subtropical regions. They can be found in some soft, wet and muddy "wetlands" and are one of the richest ecosystems. Mangroves refer to plant communities that grow in bays surrounded by land in tropical areas, mainly mangrove plants, and other trees and shrubs that grow in tidal streams. Mangrove is an ecological community of evergreen plants, including many plants of different families, but all have similar physiological structures and characteristics to adapt to the coastal high salinity growth environment. Mud-wrapped fish: If you look carefully in mangroves or mudflats, it is not difficult to find a creature that looks a bit like a fish, but can crawl and bounce on the mud. At this time, do you doubt their "official status"? Yes, this is a mudskipper. Is it true?/You don't say. Amphibious fish of the family Tigrinidae. Guangdong mudskippers and large mudskippers are common in China and Hongkong. They have slender bodies, flat tails and grayish brown bodies. Guangdong mudskippers are small and covered with dark stripes, while large mudskippers are large and dotted with fluorescent blue dots. They protrude a pair of big eyes that can move dexterously near their heads, which is really interesting. The fleshy pectoral fins of large mudskippers are connected in the middle and bent forward, helping them bounce or crawl forward on the mud beach like crutches; Guangdong mudskipper is fused into the ventral fin of sucker, so that it can be attached to vertical surfaces such as stones or mangrove trunks; Back in the water, mudskippers can swim freely like ordinary fish. Another reason why mudskippers can stay out of water for a period of time is that they can keep breathing through gills, wet skin and water in gills, which is the representative of "swimming in water and jumping out of water" in fish. They can adapt to the intertidal environment of semi-water and semi-land, inhabit estuaries, swamps and mudflats, and live in caves consisting of two vertical tunnels under the mud. Guangdong mudskippers mainly eat crabs, insects and other arthropods, mostly staying in coastal mangroves, while large mudskippers like to eat algae and debris on mudflats. Guangdong mudskippers will climb to the edge of river banks, sandbars and mudflats, and rest on branches and bare stones on the water between high tide and low tide, which is a good opportunity to observe their activities. The observation of large mudskippers can only be seen when the tide recedes and climbs out of the hole. During the breeding season, male mudskippers erect their dorsal fins and use developed pectoral fins. Get up and attract the females. After a round of dancing, if the courtship is successful, they both enter the tunnel and start their lives together. On the open mud beach, under the sunlight, a large number of mudskippers danced in unison, flashing fluorescent blue dots, just like dancers demonstrating on the dance floor, which was really beautiful.