France encourages childbearing, parents have maternity leave and parental leave, and there are subsidies and many benefits when they have children. However, the work pressure of modern parents is not small. After they all go back to work, who does the baby look for? There are many places for preschool children: nurseries (cr? Che), nanny (assistante maternelle), family assistant (aide? Residence), children's garden and temporary kindergarten. However, no matter how you plan to hire someone to look after your children, you should do so as soon as possible, because the number of places in each nursery is extremely limited. If you want to find a reputable unit near home to help look after the children, you should plan as soon as possible.

Preschool children: nursery

French nursery (cr? Ches) is divided into two types: one is public nursery (cr? Ches publiques), and the other is the Association Nursery (cr? Ches Association). Nurseries can be led by municipal government, regional government, family allowance finance department, associations, trade unions, etc. , its rules and fees are different according to their respective circumstances. However, all nurseries must be approved by government agencies before they can be established, and must be reviewed by the Maternal and Child Health Service (PMI). There are strict regulations on the sanitary conditions, safety measures and hardware equipment of nurseries. At present, there are three types of nurseries in France that can accept preschool children:

● collective nursery (Les cr? Ches collective)

Group nurseries can help parents who have two working hours, attend training or have personal difficulties to look after children aged 2 months to 3 years. This kind of nursery is usually open from 7: 30 to 18: 30 or 19: 00 every day. Some hospital nurseries also help parents who work at night to look after their children.

Each nursery is led by a professional nurse with professional skills to look after children, and the number of nurses is also strictly regulated: every five babies who can't walk must be equipped with at least 1 nurse; Every eight babies who can already walk should have at least 1 nurse. In a large nursery that can accommodate more than 40 children, there must be professional tutors to organize various enlightenment games for children. In addition, there must be a pediatrician who keeps in constant contact with the nursery and a psychologist who attends nurse group meetings and regular parent-teacher meetings.

In addition to the professional parenting team, the nursery has other incomparable advantages. The interior design of the nursery is completely tailored for babies: small furniture, carpets, small stools, small swimming pools and various toys suitable for children. Of course, children will not feel bored playing together, and various interesting games designed according to their age can stimulate children's interest. In addition, the small library of the nursery is also a favorite place for children and an important place for them to receive preschool education.

But for parents, it is inconvenient to send their children to the nursery, especially the schedule and illness. Many parents leave early and return late, so it is difficult to pick up their children from work early; In addition, some diseases are easy to spread among children, so once children get infectious diseases, they must stay at home; As for other diseases, the person in charge of the nursery decides whether to enter the park or not.

● family nursery (Les cr? Ches family)

Family nurseries call a nanny with a professional certificate to look after the children at home. All these nannies are led by professional teams and must pass the audit and training of PMI. Each nanny can look after 1 to 3 children at home and regularly participate in game activities organized by the nursery.

Family nurseries are also managed by professional nurses. If the nursery manages more than 40 nannies, it must also be assisted by an assistant (baby tutor, midwife or nurse). Nurses in nurseries are recruited by the person in charge of nurseries, and are hired and paid by nurseries. So parents don't need to negotiate fees directly with the nursery. The person in charge of the nursery regularly visits the nanny's house to learn about the child's situation.

As for the working hours of family-style nurseries, they are generally 8 to 10 hours a day, and they can accept sick children except in serious cases.

● paternalistic nursery (Les cr? ches parentales

Paternalistic nurseries are collective nurseries, which are generally managed by a parents' association, and a professional team is responsible for daily care to solve the childcare problems between parents. After the plenary meeting of the parents' meeting, the opening hours, holidays, operation mode and other issues of the nursery were discussed and decided.

As a member of the paternalistic nursery, parents are of course the beneficiaries of the nursery. Everyone must ensure that they can spare half a day to accompany the children in the nursery every week, and sometimes they must participate in shopping or maintenance for the nursery.

Paternalistic nurseries are usually limited in scale and can accommodate up to 20 children at the same time; At least two adults should take care of the children at close range. Generally, this kind of nursery enrolls an average of 2.5 long-term contract workers, and some of them are receiving professional training. Nurseries must be managed by people with professional certificates, usually child care instructors.

If you want to set up a paternalistic nursery with other parents, you can contact the Parent-Child Professional Association (ACEPP) (www.acepp.asso.fr), which is jointly established by nearly 800 paternalistic nurseries in France to help your children find a nursery smoothly.

Charge different fees according to the family situation.

Family Allowance The Ministry of Finance issued a new special service allowance (PSU) on June 65438+10/October 65438 +0, 2005, and reset the cost of childcare allowance. This fee standard also applies to four other organizations: collective nurseries, family nurseries, temporary nurseries and children's parks.

To pay for child care, parents must also participate in part of the payment, in addition to the help of the family subsidy treasury. The specific ratio is obtained by multiplying the monthly income of each family by a basic rate. This month's income refers to the taxable income of the family (before all tax reduction measures are taken).

The basic rate is calculated as follows: families with 1 child need to pay 0.06% of their monthly income; Families with two children need to pay 0.05 of their monthly income; For families with three children, they need to pay 0.04 of their monthly income; Families with four or more children must pay 0.03% of their monthly income.

As for the calculation of the daily out-of-pocket expenses of paternalistic nurseries, it is determined according to the number of children in each family and other factors.

Children's gardens and temporary kindergartens

Children's gardens (jardins d'enfants) and temporary kindergartens (haltes-garderies) are other supplementary forms of kindergartens for parents to choose from. These two types of kindergartens can accept children aged 2 to 6, usually led by an EJE. Their operating mechanism is similar to that of nurseries, and they are also important institutions to provide help to children of working parents or parents in difficulty. Some parents like to choose the above two kinds of kindergartens, because the scale is relatively small, but the activities arranged for their children are richer and more interesting, and there are many children's parks that provide bilingual education.

Temporary kindergartens are open to all working and non-working parents. They mainly help to take care of children under the age of 6 temporarily. They can not only help parents take time out to do other things, but also provide some enlightenment education. Some temporary kindergartens can provide meals and help look after the children of parents who do odd jobs.

Each district's municipal government and maternal and child health center have a list of all local temporary kindergartens. If necessary, parents can go to the municipal government or maternal and child health center to ask. Parents can take their children directly to any temporary kindergarten to register. Temporary kindergartens mainly decide whether to accept registration according to the remaining free places, and parents can choose the weekly temporary care time according to their needs.

Temporary nanny

Babysitter must be approved by PMI before she can work. Usually, she must meet the following conditions at the same time: good health (physical examination is required), educational skills, good sanitary conditions and adequate housing area. She must receive 60 hours of compulsory training within five years after obtaining PMI approval, and at least 20 hours of vocational training in the first two years.

Besides, one in principle? Independent? The nanny (that is, she does not belong to any person in charge of the family nursery) can only look after three children at most.

Family nanny

Asking someone to look after the children at home is also a method adopted by many parents. On the surface, this way is good, which can avoid the trouble of picking up and dropping off children. But not everyone can be a domestic nanny, and it is more risky to find a nanny by themselves, so some disputes and accidents often occur. The following suggestions can help you choose carefully:

● Domestic nannies must be declared as domestic workers: as domestic workers, domestic nannies must enjoy the minimum wage standard (SMIC), and parents as employers must sign employment contracts with them to protect the interests of both parties.

● Chapter 3 of the contract with the domestic nanny: Before employment, explain the job content and related matters needing attention to her, remind her of what she is forbidden to do, and so on. But at the same time, we should also pay attention to maintaining a good relationship with her and keep her away from home.

● Send her to training when necessary: Many college students are candidates for domestic nannies. A 40-hour training period can help inexperienced nannies learn the basic knowledge and professional knowledge of caring for young children, which will make parents feel more at ease. During the training period, parents can pay the nanny according to the hourly fee paid for babysitting, and then they can be reimbursed. Parents can consult AGEFOS-PME (www.agefos-pme.com) if they want to know the nanny training information organized next time.

How much does it cost to hire a babysitter? How much does it cost to hire a domestic nanny? Since when do you need to prepare for child care? The above questions will continue to be introduced to you in the next issue.

Nanny speed dating salon: parents should not miss it.

Every summer vacation is coming to an end, and when the new school year is about to begin, many parents begin to worry about the care of their babies in the new school year. They began to post advertisements everywhere, looking for college students to be nannies, to help parents transport their children to and from school and help them finish their homework in the new semester, and to share the heavy responsibility for parents who can't take care of each other.

If you live in the Greater Paris area and haven't found a suitable person to take care of your children, please don't miss the activities organized by the French Employment Bureau l'ANPE-Jeunes on August 3rd1-September 6th? Nanny speed dating salon? (nanny blind date), each pair of parents attending the salon can have face-to-face talks in turn within one and a half hours according to the living areas of parents and college students, and the interview time with each college student is limited to 5 to 10 minutes, so as to select the most ideal one in their minds? Young nanny? Parents of candidates who wish to attend this salon should pay attention. Reservations must be made by telephone in advance (from August 20th). The reservation number is 0 1 40 5 1 37 57. Salon Address: No.39, Giorgio Bernanos Street, Paris 75005.