Fund investment, to put it bluntly, is a collection of financial management, similar to everyone chipping in to open a restaurant. If you make money, everyone will share it, and if you lose it, everyone will share it. However, as fund managers, fund companies and fund managers do not bear the losses!
Opening a restaurant requires store selection, decoration, advertising, recruitment and daily operation.
Fund investment is very simple, you just need to give the money to the fund manager, that is, buy a fund. Fund managers generally have some very tall titles, and the master's and doctor's endorsements of famous schools have only one purpose-to gain your trust and buy funds. As for whether you can make money? how much money do you earn? This is all uncertain!
As a fund manager, he invests the money you bought. No matter whether he loses or earns, he needs to charge a certain fee and management fee. At present, the general comprehensive cost in China is 1%-3%.
General funds want you to hold it for a long time. The specific implementation is that the longer the redemption fee is held, the lower the rate.
Public Offering of Fund and private equity funds.
The biggest difference between public offering and private offering is the different investment threshold. Public Offering of Fund mostly starts with 1 yuan, and private equity funds require 1 million. The funds you usually see or pay attention to are generally Public Offering of Fund. Private equity funds are not allowed to publicize and raise funds, and they also need to sign strict investment contracts.
Public Offering of Fund publicly raises funds for everyone, so he needs to have a strict information disclosure and management system, and regularly disclose the portfolio, net fund value and position limit, while private equity investment is more flexible.
Both aim to make money for investors, but they are also different.
Public Offering of Fund makes money to attract more investors to buy funds and charge more management fees. The rise and fall of the fund or the amount of income after investment has little effect on it.
Private equity funds also charge a certain management fee, but more is to distribute income with investors, such as setting a benchmark income of 20%. If the investment income is less than 20% in the next year, the manager will not pay dividends. If the income exceeds 20%, some managers will distribute it to fund holders according to a certain proportion.
It can be seen that the income distribution mechanism of private equity funds determines that they have greater impulse to make high returns. At the same time, if you can't make high returns, you will soon be ruthlessly eliminated, unlike Public Offering of Fund's drought and flood protection.
Therefore, many excellent fund managers prefer to be private funds, or switch from public offering to private offering, such as Wang Yawei. This is also one of the reasons why private placement is higher than public offering.
Main risks of fund investment
Market risk. Fund is a kind of collective financial management, and the risk comes from investment varieties. For example, the risk of stock funds is similar to that of the stock market, the risk of bond funds is similar to that of bonds, and the risk of money funds is similar to that of bank deposits. It can be seen that the order of risk is monetary fund.
Whether it is Public Offering of Fund or private equity fund, the investment income is closely related to the market environment, so as a fund investor, it is very important to choose the investment environment of the fund. Not everyone can make money by buying a fund with their eyes closed!
Medium and long-term fund investment should enter the market when the stock market is depressed and leave when the stock market is excited; Short-term fund investment is usually not recommended. If you want to participate, you usually get up at the bottom of the stock market and enter the market after rising. At this time, you have to understand that the positions entered are not low, and it is very likely to take over, such as the current 5G, chip, semiconductor and other funds.
Moral hazard. Refers to the professional moral hazard of fund managers. As managers, it is their job to earn wages and help everyone make money. But for fund managers, they control a lot of money in their hands, which may directly raise the stock price when buying stocks.
Then, if he buys in advance with a privately controlled stock account and then uses everyone's money to raise the stock price to make money, it will harm the interests of fund investors. It is illegal to call it a "rat warehouse" in the industry, but it has been repeatedly banned.
Automatic investment plan
The fixed investment of the fund refers to the investment with a fixed amount and fixed time. For example, invest 10000 yuan on the first day of each month, regardless of the ups and downs of the stock and fund markets. Assume that the net fund value at the beginning and end of the year is 1, and the total investment is1.2000, but by the end of the year, the assets become 1.33 million, the yield exceeds 10%, and the index and fund income in the same period are 0.
The core of long-term fixed investment is to buy at a fixed amount in the fluctuation of the market and share the cost price of the position equally, so as to make a profit when the market rises or is excited.
In practice, if you buy more at the low point and less at the high point, the annual compound rate of return will reach 15%, or even higher. However, to choose a medium-and long-term upward index, the Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 Index in A shares should be the most representative and the most stable.
Indexed securities investment fund
Index fund is a fund with specific index stocks as the investment target, and its fluctuation is generally equivalent to that of index, so it is one of the most suitable funds for investment, especially for medium and long-term fixed investment. Index funds can be divided into narrow base index and wide base index.
Narrow base index, single industry or index, such as new energy index fund, communication theme index fund, etc.
Broad-based index includes indexes of different industries and different themes, such as Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 Index and CSI 500 Index.
Recently, hot chips, semiconductors and 5G funds all belong to narrow index funds, which fluctuate greatly. Like stocks, it may rise or fall sharply due to short-term policies or news stimulation, which is suitable for short-term.
Choice of funds
1. Compare the performance and dividends of the fund in recent years. Compared with the same type of funds, it is best to outperform the Shanghai and Shenzhen index for more than 3-5 years.
2. The performance of fund managers. Fund performance has the greatest relationship with the market and people, so the long-term performance of fund managers in the past can be used as a reference. When the market is bad, it is very important to pay attention to how much he has lost!
3. Check the fund position. Fund positions are generally announced regularly, and it is the key to your future income from fund investment to check the development trend of holding companies or industries.
4. Try not to buy funds recommended by fund tools (Alipay, Tian Tian Fund, etc.) (it's a pit). If you buy it, you should study it carefully (of course, there are several good recommendations). Because they sell funds to make money, as long as they sell well, they are recommended. Many times it is short-term hot money, which is very pit for ordinary investors!
In addition, the cost of buying a fund should be as low as possible, and the scale of the fund should not be too large or too small. The scale of1-20 billion is appropriate, and the fund rating is for reference only.
Precautions for new citizens
1, stock funds are a wave of market. If they go up, they will fall, and if they fall, they will go up. Therefore, they should enter at a low level and sell at a high level, instead of hearing that they have a good foundation or are optimistic about a certain industry.
2. If the fund is divided into Class A and Class C, you can choose Class A for more than one year, or you can choose Class C with a relatively short term, but it is not allowed to be directly C, mainly because the rates are different.
3. Recognize your risk tolerance and investment preference, and avoid following the trend directly regardless of your actual situation. What suits you is the best. (For example, some friends don't need to allocate large-cap index funds, and some friends can only play pure bond funds at most. )