Including foreign currency, foreign currency deposits, foreign currency securities (treasury bonds, treasury bonds, corporate bonds, stocks, etc.). ) and foreign currency payment vouchers (bills, bank deposit vouchers, postal savings vouchers, etc.). ).
broad sense
All foreign currency assets owned by a country. It refers to the flow of money between countries and a specialized commercial activity of exchanging one country's currency for another country's currency to pay off international creditor's rights and debts. In fact, it is the creditor's rights held by the monetary management authorities (central bank, monetary management institutions, foreign exchange stabilization fund and Ministry of Finance) in the form of bank deposits, treasury bonds, long-term and short-term treasury bonds, etc. Can be used when the balance of payments is in deficit.
narrow sense
Various payment methods expressed in foreign currency, which are generally accepted by all countries and can be used for international settlement of creditor's rights and debts. Must have three characteristics:
foreign exchange
Payability (assets that must be expressed in foreign currency), availability (claims that can be compensated abroad) and convertibility (foreign currency assets that can be freely converted into other means of payment).
Funds can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. Broadly speaking, a fund refers to a certain amount of funds set up for a certain purpose. It mainly includes trust and investment funds, provident funds, insurance funds, retirement funds and funds of various foundations. People usually refer to funds mainly as securities investment funds.
There are three main analysis methods of securities investment: basic analysis, technical analysis and evolution analysis, in which the basic analysis is mainly applied to the value judgment and selection of investment objects, while the technical analysis and evolution analysis are mainly applied to the time and space judgment of specific investment operations as an important supplement to improve the effectiveness and reliability of securities investment analysis.
According to different standards, securities investment funds can be divided into different types:
(1) According to whether the fund unit can be increased or redeemed, it can be divided into open-end funds and closed-end funds. Open-end funds are not traded on the market (as the case may be), but are purchased and redeemed by banks, brokers and fund companies, and the fund scale is not fixed; Closed-end funds have a fixed duration and are generally listed and traded on the stock exchange. Investors buy and sell fund shares through the secondary market.
(2) According to different organizational forms, it can be divided into corporate funds and contractual funds. A fund is established by issuing fund shares to establish an investment fund company, which is usually called a corporate fund; The establishment of fund managers, fund custodians and investors through fund contracts is usually called contractual funds. China's securities investment funds are all contractual funds.
(3) According to the different investment risks and returns, it can be divided into growth funds, income funds and balanced funds.
(4) According to different investment objects, it can be divided into stock funds, bond funds, money market funds and futures funds.