The full name of CPI index is consumer price index, also known as consumer price index, or CPI for short. CPI index refers to the consumer price index, also known as the consumer price index. Calculation formula: CPI= (the value of a group of fixed commodities at current price divided by the value of a group of fixed commodities at base price) × 100%.
CPI is a relative number that reflects the changing trend and degree of consumer goods and services purchased by urban and rural residents in a certain period, and it is the result of comprehensive summary calculation in urban consumer price index and rural consumer price index. Through this index, we can observe and analyze the impact of changes in retail prices of consumer goods and service items on the actual living expenses of urban and rural residents. It is a macroeconomic indicator, reflecting the changes in the price level of consumer goods and services that families usually buy. It is a relative number, which measures the price level of a representative group of consumer goods and services in a certain period of time. Used to reflect the changes in the price level of consumer goods and services purchased by households, it is the coefficient of variation of retail prices of goods and services within one month. Consumer price statistics survey the final price of social products and services, which is closely related to people's lives and occupies an important position in the whole national economic price system. It is an important indicator of economic analysis and decision-making, monitoring and regulation of the overall price level and national economic accounting. Its change rate reflects the degree of inflation or deflation to some extent. Generally speaking, inflation is considered to occur when prices rise in an all-round way, in contrast to changes, and it continues.
Main impact: CPI is an important macroeconomic indicator reflecting the price changes of consumer goods and services related to residents' lives, and it is also an important indicator for macroeconomic analysis and decision-making and national economic accounting. CPI is a lagging data, but it is often an important reference index for market economic activities and government monetary policy. CPI stability, full employment and GDP growth are often the most important social and economic goals. Generally speaking, the level of CPI directly affects the introduction and intensity of national macro-control measures, such as whether the central bank adjusts interest rates and deposit reserve ratio.
China's plan to adjust CPI data in recent years;
In order to better adapt to China's economic and social development and the changes in the consumption structure of urban and rural residents, and ensure the scientificity and accuracy of CPI calculation, we have made routine adjustments to the CPI survey plan, involving the adjustment of comparison base period, weight composition, survey outlets and representative specifications.
1. Starting from 2011,China's CPI began to calculate the price index series based on 20 10. This is the second routine change in the base period since 200 1 calculated the CPI fixed base price index. The first base period is 2000, and the second base period is 2005. For comparison, the base period has been adjusted. Because the longer the comparison base period, the greater the change of price specifications, and the comparability will decline. Choosing 0 to 5 years as the comparative base period for calculating CPI is to keep the same period with the five-year plan for national economic and social development in China, which is convenient for data analysis and use.
Second, according to the survey data of urban and rural residents' consumption expenditure in 20 10 and the statistical data of relevant departments, the weight composition of CPI was adjusted accordingly according to the system regulations. Among them, residential category decreased by 4.22 percentage points, food category decreased by 2.2 1 percentage point, alcohol and tobacco category decreased by 0.5 1 percentage point, clothing category decreased by 0.49 percentage point, household equipment and services category decreased by 0.36 percentage point, medical care and personal articles category decreased by 0.36 percentage point, transportation and communication category decreased by 0.05 percentage point, and entertainment, education, cultural goods and services category decreased.
3. According to the latest business formats, farmers' markets and service consumption units in the selected cities and counties in 20 10, and according to the principles and methods stipulated by the state, the number of survey outlets was increased by 13000. 63,000 survey outlets (including grocery stores, department stores, supermarkets, convenience stores, professional markets, specialty stores, shopping centers, farmers' markets and service units, etc.). ) collect CPI prices nationwide.
Four, the selected survey cities and counties according to the local residents' consumption level, consumption habits, in accordance with the principles and methods prescribed by the state, some representative specifications were updated in time.