(1) The first stage of monetary union: the period is 1 July 9901to 1993. It is required to realize the free circulation of capital, truly realize the unified market and perfectly coordinate economic policies. The second stage: from199465438+1October 2 1, it is mainly to establish the embryonic form of the European Central Bank-the European Monetary Agency. The chairman of this institution is a person other than the governors of the central banks of member countries. The third stage: the earliest 1997 1 starts and the latest 1999 1 takes effect. A "real" unified currency and an independent European Central Bank will be gradually established, led by a management committee appointed by the European Council and the Council of Central Bank Governors of member countries, and Britain and Denmark will be given the right not to enter the third stage.

(2) The policy of * * * cooperation in foreign affairs and security will replace "European political cooperation": the policy of * * * cooperation in the most important areas of Europe still needs to be unanimously adopted, but the principle of specific majority voting (implementation of * * * cooperation) is also adopted. The Western European Union (WEU), the EU's armed body, "will implement the agreements reached by the EU in defense". The treaty finally provides for the formulation of the same defense policy.

(3) European citizenship: The main content of European citizenship is that citizens of the Union have the right to vote and stand for election in European elections and municipal elections, no matter which member country they live in. Recognize the right of any citizen to petition in the European Parliament.

(4) Complementarity: Complementarity is adopted to solve the delicate problem of decentralization between the European Community and its member States. The European Union will intervene in its exclusive field only when "the member states cannot satisfactorily achieve the objectives of the action under consideration".

(5) European Parliament: institutionally, the European Parliament appoints the Executive Committee of the European Community by voting, appoints mediators to receive citizens' complaints, and may set up investigation committees. In terms of legislation, expand cooperation procedures. When differences arise between the European Parliament and the European Council, decisions will be made through mediation procedures.

(VI) The functions of the Executive Committee of the European Union remain unchanged: however, due to the change in the appointment method, its legal status has been enhanced.

(7) Justice and internal affairs: Intergovernmental cooperation that requires unanimous approval will involve issues related to "common interests" (asylum: immigration, visas, police) in the future.

(8) Coordination Fund: This fund was established to help the poorest areas in terms of environment and infrastructure.

(9) New fields: While adhering to the principle of complementarity, the European Community can intervene in some new fields (education, public health, vocational training, etc.). ): The Council of Europe can recommend that member states adopt some conventions.

(x) Social policy: Due to the British opposition, there are two special discussions in the annex to the treaty. The signatory countries promised to promote the development of social Europe and promote employment. Starting from 1992, Denmark rejected the Maastricht Treaty; France narrowly passed, while Britain postponed the referendum.