Introduction of several universities with the most scientific research funds in the United States
Harvard University
The average annual expenditure of R&D is 10 1 billion dollars, and the endowment fund in 20 18 is 34.54 billion dollars. Harvard University spends about 1 100 million dollars on R&D every year, which almost exceeds most higher education institutions.
Although most university research is funded by government and private funds, and mainly concentrated in the fields of science and engineering, Harvard University's endowment fund of $34.5 billion has stronger independence and autonomy.
According to statistics, in 20 18, Harvard spent 9.6% of its total R&D budget on social sciences, almost three times the average share of all universities of 3.4%. Most of the research and development of social sciences in Harvard University is in the field of political science, which is funded by the internal funds of the university.
University of California, Los Angeles
The average annual R&D expenditure is $654.38 +0.2 billion, and the endowment fund in 2065.438+08 is $654.38 +0.8 billion. According to statistics, of every $ 654.38+00 spent on R&D, about $7 is spent on life science research, which is one of the universities with the highest proportion of such majors in all higher education.
Of course, the laboratory that has received the most R&D funds is the Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences of UCLA, a biomedical research partner, which has attracted more than 200 million dollars from the National Institutes of Health since 20 1 1.
Stanford University
The average annual R&D expenditure was $65.438+0.2 billion, and the endowment fund in 2065.438+08 was $22.4 billion. It is estimated that 63% of the budget of R&D University is used for life science, 654.38+03% for engineering and 9% for physics. The university's R&D expenditure of about $675.9 million is funded by the federal government, ranking second among all private universities.
The Department of Health and Human Services accounts for 66% of Stanford's federal funds, and the Department of Defense accounts for 12%. High R&D expenditure allows schools to apply for patents and inventions. In 20 15, it has obtained 205 patents, which is the school with the most patents except MIT and UC system.
Duke University
The average annual R&D expenditure was $65.438+0.4 billion, and the endowment fund in 2065.438+08 was $6.84 billion. Duke University Clinical Research Institute is one of the biggest recipients of corporate funds on campus. DCRI is a contract research organization, which has conducted more than 970 clinical trials in medical fields such as cardiovascular, respiratory and pediatric research, and 65% of its funds come from the private sector.
In addition to the $856 million spent by Duke University on life science research, the university has also invested $85.6 million in engineering and $25.7 million in social science.
University of Wisconsin
Average annual R&D expenditure: US$ 654.38+700 million, and 2065.438+08 Endowment Fund: US$ 2.42 billion. The Department of Energy provided more than 60 million dollars for the R&D expenditure of this university, more than almost any other university.
The Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center is one of the largest funders of the university. It is a research institution funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, located in the Wisconsin Energy Research Institute, and is dedicated to the research of advanced cellulose biofuels.
Since its establishment in 2007, the center has received a grant of 265 million US dollars from the US Department of Energy and obtained more than 50 patents.
University of California San Diego
The average annual R&D expenditure is $65,438 +0 1 billion, and the endowment fund in 20 18 is $53,665,438 +0.3 million. Private donations and charitable donations account for 10% of the total R&D expenditure of universities, which is one of the largest shares of all universities.
From 2065438 to March 2007, Taner Halicioglu, an alumnus of the University of California, San Diego, donated 75 million dollars to his alma mater and established the Halioglu Institute of Data Science on campus.
After the relocation, many alumni came to help the school start the microbiology and microbiology science program and donated money to the Robotics Institute.
This university spends 4. 1% of the total R&D budget, 15.4% on environmental science and 58.3% on life science, accounting for more than most universities in the United States.
University of Michigan
The average annual R&D expenditure was $65.438+37 billion, and the endowment fund in 2065.438+08 was $9.74 billion. The investment of the University of Michigan in social science research is $65.438+49.8 million, which exceeds that of any college or university in the United States.
UM Institute for Social Studies has also made great contributions in this field, including experiments to prove that Salk polio vaccine can be used safely by the public, and the foundation of organizational behavior research.
Except for 1 1% of the total expenditure, 57% is used for life science research such as medicine and biology.
Johns Hopkins University
Average annual R&D expenditure: 23 1 100 million US dollars, 20 18 year endowment fund: 3.38 billion US dollars.
Up to now, the federal government is still the largest university research partner of Johns Hopkins University. Most activities of R&D on campus are carried out in the Applied Physics Laboratory, which is the main donor of the Federation.
Since the establishment of 1942 laboratory, APL has been conducting research on missile defense, space and weapon systems for the Ministry of National Defense. In 20 15, the research and development expenditure of APL has reached1300 million USD, accounting for 58% of the total research expenditure of Johns Hopkins University at that time.
Today, about 35% of Johns Hopkins University's R&D expenses are provided by the Department of Defense, while NASA provides 9%. Therefore, the contribution of the school in the aerospace field is also extremely outstanding.
How to choose an American undergraduate study abroad institution
I. The nature of the school
American four-year universities are mainly divided into comprehensive universities and liberal arts colleges:
1. Comprehensive universities, such as Harvard University, Yale University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, etc.
2. College of Arts and Sciences; Art and science;
3. Professional colleges, such as Juilliard, Cooper Union, RISD, etc. Suitable for students who are particularly interested and talented in music, architecture, art and so on.
Second, the size of the school.
Generally speaking, the school of arts and sciences is relatively small, with about 2,000 students. The number of undergraduate colleges in private comprehensive universities is mostly around 4,000-8,000, while the number of students in public comprehensive universities is generally above 20,000.
In addition, the ratio of students to teachers should also be considered, because many liberal arts colleges and small private comprehensive universities have this advantage because of their small scale and strong financial resources. Students can usually enjoy small class teaching and get more attention from professors.
Third, geographical location.
Unlike domestic universities, 80% of universities in the United States are not located in big cities such as new york and Chicago. Compared with the comprehensive strength, cultural environment and multicultural atmosphere of American universities, geographical location is not so important. Students applying for business schools should pay attention to the convenience of internship and employment. If conditions permit, schools in big cities such as new york should be chosen. Dezhou's economy has developed very well in recent years, which means that the employment situation is also very ideal. Students can pay attention to it.
Fourth, the tendency of art and science.
Undergraduate courses in American universities are famous for their general education, but the liberal arts tendency in most schools is not obvious. If you have completely determined the undergraduate major, you can determine the school more accurately. For example, liberal arts include Yale University, Georgetown, Amherst College, clermont McKenna College, Middlebury and kenyon. Science and engineering include Massachusetts Institute of Technology, California Institute of Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, Swarthmore College, Harvey Mudd College, Lafayette College, etc.
Five, single-sex schools
Generally, it is a college of arts and sciences. Women's schools such as Wellesley College, Smith College, Mount Holyoake College, Brynmore College, Wasa College, Barnard College, Radcliffe College (merged into Harvard University), and a few boys' schools such as Wabash College.
They are all top universities with rigorous study style, tight academic performance and close and harmonious student relationship. But most of them are located in rural areas, and their social life is relatively simple. Contact with the opposite sex, mostly in cross-school classes or social activities. For China students who are not used to American social networks, the chances of making friends with the opposite sex may be reduced. Of course, whether to choose a single-sex school still varies from person to person.
Sixth, religious tendency.
Some American universities have always maintained religious affiliation, such as Notre Dame University (Roman Catholic Church) and Emory University (United Methodist Church). These schools will not force students to change or accept their beliefs, nor will their admission be affected by their beliefs. They pay more attention to sincerity, respect others and are full of enthusiasm for knowledge. Schools usually add some valuable compulsory courses in philosophy/religion. These universities are usually conservative in style, but their religious enthusiasm and intensity are also different.
Seven. plural
When evaluating diversity, Americans should consider two aspects: racial diversity and economic diversity, that is, students' ethnic background and family economic background. We should reconsider the proportion of international students, that is, how many students hold foreign passports. Generally speaking, schools with a high degree of diversification are more free, open and inclusive, more friendly to international students and easier to integrate with international students.
Eight, school spirit
Preppy: This word is very common when describing universities and college students. It used to refer to students who graduated from expensive preparatory schools, but now it refers to students with rich families, well-dressed and backgrounds in New England and the southern United States. Typical preparation clothes are suits, striped shirts, khaki pants and canvas shoes. The most intuitive way to evaluate the school spirit is to log on to the university website, look at the photos of the students inside, and look at the temperament, clothes and mental outlook of these students, which can almost get a more accurate evaluation.
Nine. Admission and funding for international students
1. Admission policy Need-Blind: Whether to apply for a grant or not is not considered when entering the school. There are few demand-blind schools that claim to be international students, and it seems that self-funded students are the main ones in the economic downturn. Need-Aware: Considering the financial situation of students when they enter school, applying for financial aid may reduce their competitiveness.
2. FA based on scholarship demand. In order to help students with limited family conditions who can't afford tuition. Most public schools have no such policy for international students. Schools that used to accept more FA from international students usually continue to be generous to international students.
3. Scholarships. Bonuses awarded to outstanding students who meet certain conditions are usually very small. Some schools, including Ivy League schools, do not offer any school scholarships. Please check every school.